The industrial society in Japan is now entering into a new era of an advanced information society or a network society. AI as a knowledge information processing technology is becoming an integral part of the society. This emerging era is being supported by the information industry.

中国古代(おもに戦国期~漢代初期)の新出土文献を検討により、古代思想史の空白を埋め、その変遷過程を明らかにする。.

正しいから証明できるのか、証明できるから正しいのか。数学にとって証明とは何か、正しさとは何なのかは数学基礎論の根本的な問題である。様相論理を軸とした、証明と真理に関わる数学基礎論の古典的な結果から最先 端の議論までを解説した。.

We propose an efficient algorithm for deciding the reachability between any nodes on XML data represented by connected directed graphs. We develop a technique to reduce the size of the reference table for the reachability test. Using the small table and the standard range labeling method for rooted ordered trees, we show that our algorithm answers almost queries in a constant time preserving the space efficiency and a reasonable preprocessing time.

Genome maintenance requires various nucleoid-associated factors in prokaryotes. Among them, the SMC protein has been thought to play a static role in the organization and segregation of the chromosome during cell division. However, recent studies have shown that the bacterial SMC is required to align left and right arms of the emerging chromosome and that the protein dynamically travels from origin to Ter region. A rod form of the SMC complex mediates DNA bridging and has been recognized as a machinery (...) responsible for DNA loop extrusion, like eukaryotic condensin or cohesin complexes, which act as chromosome organizers. Attention is now turning to how the prototype of the complex is loaded on the entry site and translocated on chromosomal DNA, explaining its overall conformational changes at atomic levels. Here, we review and highlight recent findings concerning the prokaryotic SMC complex and discuss possible mechanisms from the viewpoint of protein architecture. Recent studies show dynamic movements of the prokaryotic SMC protein complex: initial loading, translocation on DNA for bacterial chromosome organization. The recent structural models of the protein also provide a new vision for the structure-function relationship. (shrink)

One of the problems we face in many-valued logic is the difficulty of capturing the intuitive meaning of the connectives introduced through truth tables. At the same time, however, some logics have nice ways to capture the intended meaning of connectives easily, such as four-valued logic studied by Belnap and Dunn. Inspired by Dunn’s discovery, we first describe a mechanical procedure, in expansions of Belnap-Dunn logic, to obtain truth conditions in terms of the behavior of the Truth and the False, (...) which gives us intuitive readings of connectives, out of truth tables. Then, we revisit the notion of functional completeness, which is one of the key notions in many-valued logic, in view of Dunn’s idea. More concretely, we introduce a generalized notion of functional completeness which naturally arises in the spirit of Dunn’s idea, and prove some fundamental results corresponding to the classical results proved by Post and Słupecki. (shrink)

技術が進歩すればするほど、技術者に対する信頼が必要となる。技術者は専門職として、どんな倫理をもたねばならないのか。それはほかの専門職の倫理とは違うのか?「技術者は公衆の安全・健康・福利を最優先しなけれ ばならない」という理念にもとづいて指針を示したテキストを、原発事故や製造物責任などの最新事例をふまえて改訂!

1. Tōzai bunka no kōryū -- 2. Shōtoku Taishi -- 3. Kinsei Nihon no hihanteki seishin -- 4. Nihon shūkyō no kindaisei.

The purpose of this paper is to argue that the hybrid formalism fits naturally in the context of David Lewis’s counterfactual logic and that its introduction into this framework is desirable. This hybridization enables us to regard the inference “The pig is Mary; Mary is pregnant; therefore the pig is pregnant” as a process of updating local information (which depends on the given situation) by using global information (independent of the situation). Our hybridization also has the following technical advantages: (i) (...) it preserves the completeness and decidability of Lewis’s logic; (ii) it allows us to characterize the Limit Assumption as a proof-rule with some side-conditions; and (iii) it enables us to establish a general Kripke completeness result by using the proof-rule corresponding to the Limit Assumption. Keywords Counterfactual logic - David Lewis - Contextually definite description - Hybrid logic - Arthur Prior - The limit assumption - Strong completeness - Decidability - Bisimulation - Pure completeness. (shrink)

あの高名な「絶対矛盾的自己同一」とは、いったいどういう意味なのか―。西田哲学の本質をつかみ、その全貌をわかりやすく示す!

江戸中期の儒学者・荻生徂徠(1666‐1728)の思想は難解といわれるが、その「ことば」は広く開かれている。徂徠は人/もの/世界を「活物」として看ることを説き、その思索は学者世間の外にまで届くものであ った。徂徠の「ことば」の魅力を探り、徂徠学の構想・方法・世界認識を明快に論じた本格的入門書。.