The PhilPapers SurveysPreliminary Survey results
A priori knowledge: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 104 / 148 (70.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 30 / 148 (20.2%) |
| Other | 14 / 148 (9.4%) |
Abstract objects: Platonism or nominalism?
| Accept or lean toward: Platonism | 75 / 148 (50.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: nominalism | 43 / 148 (29%) |
| Other | 30 / 148 (20.2%) |
Aesthetic value: objective or subjective?
| Accept or lean toward: objective | 62 / 148 (41.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: subjective | 57 / 148 (38.5%) |
| Other | 29 / 148 (19.5%) |
Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 102 / 148 (68.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 36 / 148 (24.3%) |
| Other | 10 / 148 (6.7%) |
Epistemic justification: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 67 / 148 (45.2%) |
| Other | 43 / 148 (29%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 38 / 148 (25.6%) |
External world: idealism, skepticism, or non-skeptical realism?
| Accept or lean toward: non-skeptical realism | 116 / 148 (78.3%) |
| Other | 18 / 148 (12.1%) |
| Accept or lean toward: skepticism | 9 / 148 (6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: idealism | 5 / 148 (3.3%) |
Free will: compatibilism, libertarianism, or no free will?
| Accept or lean toward: compatibilism | 76 / 148 (51.3%) |
| Other | 29 / 148 (19.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 23 / 148 (15.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no free will | 20 / 148 (13.5%) |
God: theism or atheism?
| Accept or lean toward: atheism | 103 / 148 (69.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: theism | 30 / 148 (20.2%) |
| Other | 15 / 148 (10.1%) |
Knowledge claims: contextualism, relativism, or invariantism?
| Accept or lean toward: contextualism | 56 / 148 (37.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: invariantism | 48 / 148 (32.4%) |
| Other | 36 / 148 (24.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: relativism | 8 / 148 (5.4%) |
Knowledge: empiricism or rationalism?
| Accept or lean toward: empiricism | 55 / 148 (37.1%) |
| Other | 54 / 148 (36.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: rationalism | 39 / 148 (26.3%) |
Laws of nature: Humean or non-Humean?
| Accept or lean toward: non-Humean | 68 / 148 (45.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Humean | 57 / 148 (38.5%) |
| Other | 23 / 148 (15.5%) |
Logic: classical or non-classical?
| Accept or lean toward: classical | 69 / 148 (46.6%) |
| Other | 43 / 148 (29%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-classical | 36 / 148 (24.3%) |
Mental content: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 71 / 148 (47.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 39 / 148 (26.3%) |
| Other | 38 / 148 (25.6%) |
Meta-ethics: moral realism or moral anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: moral realism | 81 / 148 (54.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: moral anti-realism | 51 / 148 (34.4%) |
| Other | 16 / 148 (10.8%) |
Metaphilosophy: naturalism or non-naturalism?
| Accept or lean toward: naturalism | 75 / 148 (50.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-naturalism | 40 / 148 (27%) |
| Other | 33 / 148 (22.2%) |
Mind: physicalism or non-physicalism?
| Accept or lean toward: physicalism | 72 / 148 (48.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-physicalism | 45 / 148 (30.4%) |
| Other | 31 / 148 (20.9%) |
Moral judgment: cognitivism or non-cognitivism?
| Accept or lean toward: cognitivism | 80 / 148 (54%) |
| Other | 34 / 148 (22.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-cognitivism | 34 / 148 (22.9%) |
Moral motivation: internalism or externalism?
| Other | 72 / 148 (48.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 42 / 148 (28.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 34 / 148 (22.9%) |
Newcomb's problem: one box or two boxes?
| Other | 57 / 148 (38.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: two boxes | 54 / 148 (36.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: one box | 37 / 148 (25%) |
Normative ethics: deontology, consequentialism, or virtue ethics?
| Other | 45 / 148 (30.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: consequentialism | 42 / 148 (28.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: deontology | 37 / 148 (25%) |
| Accept or lean toward: virtue ethics | 24 / 148 (16.2%) |
Perceptual experience: disjunctivism, qualia theory, representationalism, or sense-datum theory?
| Other | 68 / 148 (45.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: representationalism | 44 / 148 (29.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: qualia theory | 19 / 148 (12.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: disjunctivism | 10 / 148 (6.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: sense-datum theory | 7 / 148 (4.7%) |
Personal identity: biological view, psychological view, or further-fact view?
| Other | 60 / 148 (40.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: psychological view | 42 / 148 (28.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: biological view | 25 / 148 (16.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: further-fact view | 21 / 148 (14.1%) |
Politics: communitarianism, egalitarianism, or libertarianism?
| Other | 57 / 148 (38.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: egalitarianism | 43 / 148 (29%) |
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 27 / 148 (18.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: communitarianism | 21 / 148 (14.1%) |
Proper names: Fregean or Millian?
| Accept or lean toward: Millian | 55 / 148 (37.1%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Fregean | 55 / 148 (37.1%) |
| Other | 38 / 148 (25.6%) |
Science: scientific realism or scientific anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: scientific realism | 102 / 148 (68.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: scientific anti-realism | 29 / 148 (19.5%) |
| Other | 17 / 148 (11.4%) |
Teletransporter (new matter): survival or death?
| Other | 60 / 148 (40.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: survival | 48 / 148 (32.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: death | 40 / 148 (27%) |
Time: A-theory or B-theory?
| Other | 73 / 148 (49.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: B-theory | 45 / 148 (30.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: A-theory | 30 / 148 (20.2%) |
Trolley problem (five straight ahead, one on side track, turn requires switching, what ought one do?): switch or don't switch?
| Accept or lean toward: switch | 89 / 148 (60.1%) |
| Other | 49 / 148 (33.1%) |
| Accept or lean toward: don't switch | 10 / 148 (6.7%) |
Truth: correspondence, deflationary, or epistemic?
| Accept or lean toward: correspondence | 68 / 148 (45.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: deflationary | 42 / 148 (28.3%) |
| Other | 25 / 148 (16.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: epistemic | 13 / 148 (8.7%) |
Zombies: inconceivable, conceivable but not metaphysically possible, or metaphysically possible?
| Accept or lean toward: conceivable but not metaphysically possible | 47 / 148 (31.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: metaphysically possible | 44 / 148 (29.7%) |
| Other | 33 / 148 (22.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: inconceivable | 24 / 148 (16.2%) |
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