The PhilPapers SurveysPreliminary Survey results (Back to contents)
A priori knowledge: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 20 / 31 (64.5%) |
| Other | 6 / 31 (19.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 5 / 31 (16.1%) |
Abstract objects: Platonism or nominalism?
| Accept or lean toward: nominalism | 15 / 31 (48.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Platonism | 9 / 31 (29.0%) |
| Other | 7 / 31 (22.6%) |
Aesthetic value: objective or subjective?
| Accept or lean toward: subjective | 17 / 31 (54.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: objective | 9 / 31 (29.0%) |
| Other | 5 / 31 (16.1%) |
Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 21 / 31 (67.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 9 / 31 (29.0%) |
| Other | 1 / 31 (3.2%) |
Epistemic justification: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 13 / 31 (41.9%) |
| Other | 10 / 31 (32.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 8 / 31 (25.8%) |
External world: idealism, skepticism, or non-skeptical realism?
| Accept or lean toward: non-skeptical realism | 28 / 31 (90.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: skepticism | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
Free will: compatibilism, libertarianism, or no free will?
| Accept or lean toward: compatibilism | 23 / 31 (74.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no free will | 4 / 31 (12.9%) |
| Other | 2 / 31 (6.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 2 / 31 (6.5%) |
God: theism or atheism?
| Accept or lean toward: atheism | 25 / 31 (80.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: theism | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
| Other | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
Knowledge claims: contextualism, relativism, or invariantism?
| Other | 13 / 31 (41.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: contextualism | 8 / 31 (25.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: invariantism | 7 / 31 (22.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: relativism | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
Knowledge: empiricism or rationalism?
| Other | 15 / 31 (48.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: empiricism | 12 / 31 (38.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: rationalism | 4 / 31 (12.9%) |
Laws of nature: Humean or non-Humean?
| Accept or lean toward: Humean | 15 / 31 (48.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-Humean | 13 / 31 (41.9%) |
| Other | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
Logic: classical or non-classical?
| Accept or lean toward: classical | 16 / 31 (51.6%) |
| Other | 9 / 31 (29.0%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-classical | 6 / 31 (19.4%) |
Mental content: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 17 / 31 (54.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 7 / 31 (22.6%) |
| Other | 7 / 31 (22.6%) |
Meta-ethics: moral realism or moral anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: moral realism | 15 / 31 (48.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: moral anti-realism | 13 / 31 (41.9%) |
| Other | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
Metaphilosophy: naturalism or non-naturalism?
| Accept or lean toward: naturalism | 20 / 31 (64.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-naturalism | 6 / 31 (19.4%) |
| Other | 5 / 31 (16.1%) |
Mind: physicalism or non-physicalism?
| Accept or lean toward: physicalism | 27 / 31 (87.1%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-physicalism | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
| Other | 1 / 31 (3.2%) |
Moral judgment: cognitivism or non-cognitivism?
| Accept or lean toward: cognitivism | 17 / 31 (54.8%) |
| Other | 7 / 31 (22.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-cognitivism | 7 / 31 (22.6%) |
Moral motivation: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 13 / 31 (41.9%) |
| Other | 10 / 31 (32.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 8 / 31 (25.8%) |
Newcomb's problem: one box or two boxes?
| Accept or lean toward: two boxes | 19 / 31 (61.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: one box | 8 / 31 (25.8%) |
| Other | 4 / 31 (12.9%) |
Normative ethics: deontology, consequentialism, or virtue ethics?
| Accept or lean toward: consequentialism | 18 / 31 (58.1%) |
| Other | 6 / 31 (19.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: deontology | 4 / 31 (12.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: virtue ethics | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
Perceptual experience: disjunctivism, qualia theory, representationalism, or sense-datum theory?
| Other | 17 / 31 (54.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: representationalism | 8 / 31 (25.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: qualia theory | 4 / 31 (12.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: sense-datum theory | 2 / 31 (6.5%) |
Personal identity: biological view, psychological view, or further-fact view?
| Accept or lean toward: psychological view | 13 / 31 (41.9%) |
| Other | 10 / 31 (32.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: biological view | 6 / 31 (19.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: further-fact view | 2 / 31 (6.5%) |
Politics: communitarianism, egalitarianism, or libertarianism?
| Other | 17 / 31 (54.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: egalitarianism | 11 / 31 (35.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 2 / 31 (6.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: communitarianism | 1 / 31 (3.2%) |
Proper names: Fregean or Millian?
| Other | 15 / 31 (48.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Fregean | 8 / 31 (25.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Millian | 8 / 31 (25.8%) |
Science: scientific realism or scientific anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: scientific realism | 24 / 31 (77.4%) |
| Other | 4 / 31 (12.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: scientific anti-realism | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
Teletransporter (new matter): survival or death?
| Other | 12 / 31 (38.7%) |
| Accept or lean toward: survival | 11 / 31 (35.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: death | 8 / 31 (25.8%) |
Time: A-theory or B-theory?
| Other | 19 / 31 (61.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: B-theory | 10 / 31 (32.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: A-theory | 2 / 31 (6.5%) |
Trolley problem (five straight ahead, one on side track, turn requires switching, what ought one do?): switch or don't switch?
| Accept or lean toward: switch | 24 / 31 (77.4%) |
| Other | 6 / 31 (19.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: don't switch | 1 / 31 (3.2%) |
Truth: correspondence, deflationary, or epistemic?
| Accept or lean toward: correspondence | 15 / 31 (48.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: deflationary | 9 / 31 (29.0%) |
| Other | 4 / 31 (12.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: epistemic | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
Zombies: inconceivable, conceivable but not metaphysically possible, or metaphysically possible?
| Accept or lean toward: conceivable but not metaphysically possible | 15 / 31 (48.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: inconceivable | 7 / 31 (22.6%) |
| Other | 6 / 31 (19.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: metaphysically possible | 3 / 31 (9.7%) |
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