The PhilPapers SurveysPreliminary Survey results (Back to contents)
A priori knowledge: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 33 / 43 (76.7%) |
| Other | 5 / 43 (11.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 5 / 43 (11.6%) |
Abstract objects: Platonism or nominalism?
| Accept or lean toward: nominalism | 17 / 43 (39.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Platonism | 15 / 43 (34.9%) |
| Other | 11 / 43 (25.6%) |
Aesthetic value: objective or subjective?
| Accept or lean toward: objective | 18 / 43 (41.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: subjective | 14 / 43 (32.6%) |
| Other | 11 / 43 (25.6%) |
Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes or no?
| Accept or lean toward: yes | 30 / 43 (69.8%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no | 9 / 43 (20.9%) |
| Other | 4 / 43 (9.3%) |
Epistemic justification: internalism or externalism?
| Other | 16 / 43 (37.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 15 / 43 (34.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 12 / 43 (27.9%) |
External world: idealism, skepticism, or non-skeptical realism?
| Accept or lean toward: non-skeptical realism | 32 / 43 (74.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: idealism | 5 / 43 (11.6%) |
| Other | 4 / 43 (9.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: skepticism | 2 / 43 (4.7%) |
Free will: compatibilism, libertarianism, or no free will?
| Accept or lean toward: compatibilism | 23 / 43 (53.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 8 / 43 (18.6%) |
| Other | 7 / 43 (16.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: no free will | 5 / 43 (11.6%) |
God: theism or atheism?
| Accept or lean toward: atheism | 26 / 43 (60.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: theism | 11 / 43 (25.6%) |
| Other | 6 / 43 (14.0%) |
Knowledge claims: contextualism, relativism, or invariantism?
| Accept or lean toward: contextualism | 18 / 43 (41.9%) |
| Other | 14 / 43 (32.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: invariantism | 11 / 43 (25.6%) |
Knowledge: empiricism or rationalism?
| Other | 17 / 43 (39.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: empiricism | 15 / 43 (34.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: rationalism | 11 / 43 (25.6%) |
Laws of nature: Humean or non-Humean?
| Accept or lean toward: non-Humean | 29 / 43 (67.4%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Humean | 7 / 43 (16.3%) |
| Other | 7 / 43 (16.3%) |
Logic: classical or non-classical?
| Accept or lean toward: classical | 20 / 43 (46.5%) |
| Other | 18 / 43 (41.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-classical | 5 / 43 (11.6%) |
Mental content: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 24 / 43 (55.8%) |
| Other | 11 / 43 (25.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 8 / 43 (18.6%) |
Meta-ethics: moral realism or moral anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: moral realism | 27 / 43 (62.8%) |
| Other | 8 / 43 (18.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: moral anti-realism | 8 / 43 (18.6%) |
Metaphilosophy: naturalism or non-naturalism?
| Other | 20 / 43 (46.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: naturalism | 14 / 43 (32.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-naturalism | 9 / 43 (20.9%) |
Mind: physicalism or non-physicalism?
| Accept or lean toward: physicalism | 21 / 43 (48.8%) |
| Other | 14 / 43 (32.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-physicalism | 8 / 43 (18.6%) |
Moral judgment: cognitivism or non-cognitivism?
| Accept or lean toward: cognitivism | 31 / 43 (72.1%) |
| Other | 7 / 43 (16.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: non-cognitivism | 5 / 43 (11.6%) |
Moral motivation: internalism or externalism?
| Accept or lean toward: externalism | 19 / 43 (44.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: internalism | 14 / 43 (32.6%) |
| Other | 10 / 43 (23.3%) |
Newcomb's problem: one box or two boxes?
| Other | 16 / 43 (37.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: two boxes | 15 / 43 (34.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: one box | 12 / 43 (27.9%) |
Normative ethics: deontology, consequentialism, or virtue ethics?
| Accept or lean toward: deontology | 11 / 43 (25.6%) |
| Other | 11 / 43 (25.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: virtue ethics | 11 / 43 (25.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: consequentialism | 10 / 43 (23.3%) |
Perceptual experience: disjunctivism, qualia theory, representationalism, or sense-datum theory?
| Other | 19 / 43 (44.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: representationalism | 10 / 43 (23.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: disjunctivism | 8 / 43 (18.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: qualia theory | 5 / 43 (11.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: sense-datum theory | 1 / 43 (2.3%) |
Personal identity: biological view, psychological view, or further-fact view?
| Accept or lean toward: psychological view | 16 / 43 (37.2%) |
| Other | 14 / 43 (32.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: further-fact view | 7 / 43 (16.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: biological view | 6 / 43 (14.0%) |
Politics: communitarianism, egalitarianism, or libertarianism?
| Accept or lean toward: egalitarianism | 19 / 43 (44.2%) |
| Other | 13 / 43 (30.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: communitarianism | 7 / 43 (16.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: libertarianism | 4 / 43 (9.3%) |
Proper names: Fregean or Millian?
| Other | 22 / 43 (51.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Fregean | 13 / 43 (30.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: Millian | 8 / 43 (18.6%) |
Science: scientific realism or scientific anti-realism?
| Accept or lean toward: scientific realism | 31 / 43 (72.1%) |
| Other | 9 / 43 (20.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: scientific anti-realism | 3 / 43 (7.0%) |
Teletransporter (new matter): survival or death?
| Accept or lean toward: survival | 20 / 43 (46.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: death | 16 / 43 (37.2%) |
| Other | 7 / 43 (16.3%) |
Time: A-theory or B-theory?
| Other | 26 / 43 (60.5%) |
| Accept or lean toward: B-theory | 9 / 43 (20.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: A-theory | 8 / 43 (18.6%) |
Trolley problem (five straight ahead, one on side track, turn requires switching, what ought one do?): switch or don't switch?
| Accept or lean toward: switch | 37 / 43 (86.0%) |
| Other | 5 / 43 (11.6%) |
| Accept or lean toward: don't switch | 1 / 43 (2.3%) |
Truth: correspondence, deflationary, or epistemic?
| Accept or lean toward: correspondence | 21 / 43 (48.8%) |
| Other | 13 / 43 (30.2%) |
| Accept or lean toward: deflationary | 9 / 43 (20.9%) |
Zombies: inconceivable, conceivable but not metaphysically possible, or metaphysically possible?
| Accept or lean toward: conceivable but not metaphysically possible | 17 / 43 (39.5%) |
| Other | 10 / 43 (23.3%) |
| Accept or lean toward: metaphysically possible | 9 / 43 (20.9%) |
| Accept or lean toward: inconceivable | 7 / 43 (16.3%) |
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