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The PhilPapers Surveys
Preliminary Survey results
(
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)
Note: set response grain to "fine" for details on "other" responses.
Population
AOS
Response details
All respondents
Target faculty
Philosophy faculty or PhD
Philosophy faculty/PhD, non-target
Philosophy graduate student
Philosophy undergraduate
No philosophy affiliation listed
All respondents
17th/18th Century Philosophy
19th Century Philosophy
20th Century Philosophy
Aesthetics
African/Africana Philosophy
Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Applied Ethics
Arts and Humanities
Asian Philosophy
Cognitive Sciences
Continental Philosophy
Decision Theory
Epistemology
Formal Sciences
General Philosophy of Science
Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Meta-Ethics
Metaphilosophy
Metaphysics
Natural Sciences
Normative Ethics
Philosophy of Action
Philosophy of Biology
Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Philosophy of Computing and Information
Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
Philosophy of Language
Philosophy of Law
Philosophy of Mathematics
Philosophy of Mind
Philosophy of Physical Science
Philosophy of Probability
Philosophy of Religion
Philosophy of Social Science
Philosophy of the Americas
Philosophy, General Works
Philosophy, Introductions and Anthologies
Professional Areas
Social and Political Philosophy
Social Sciences
Teaching Philosophy
coarse
medium
fine
A priori knowledge: yes or no?
Accept or lean toward: yes
146 / 191 (76.4%)
Accept or lean toward: no
28 / 191 (14.7%)
The question is too unclear to answer
9 / 191 (4.7%)
Agnostic/undecided
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept an intermediate view
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Skip
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Accept another alternative
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Abstract objects: Platonism or nominalism?
Accept or lean toward: Platonism
82 / 191 (42.9%)
Accept or lean toward: nominalism
62 / 191 (32.5%)
Agnostic/undecided
12 / 191 (6.3%)
Accept another alternative
8 / 191 (4.2%)
Reject both
8 / 191 (4.2%)
Accept an intermediate view
7 / 191 (3.7%)
The question is too unclear to answer
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
3 / 191 (1.6%)
There is no fact of the matter
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Skip
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Aesthetic value: objective or subjective?
Accept or lean toward: objective
75 / 191 (39.3%)
Accept or lean toward: subjective
71 / 191 (37.2%)
Accept an intermediate view
13 / 191 (6.8%)
The question is too unclear to answer
9 / 191 (4.7%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
7 / 191 (3.7%)
Agnostic/undecided
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Accept both
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Accept another alternative
3 / 191 (1.6%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Skip
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes or no?
Accept or lean toward: yes
127 / 191 (66.5%)
Accept or lean toward: no
54 / 191 (28.3%)
The question is too unclear to answer
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Agnostic/undecided
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept an intermediate view
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Epistemic justification: internalism or externalism?
Accept or lean toward: externalism
88 / 191 (46.1%)
Accept or lean toward: internalism
50 / 191 (26.2%)
Accept an intermediate view
20 / 191 (10.5%)
Agnostic/undecided
7 / 191 (3.7%)
The question is too unclear to answer
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Accept another alternative
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Accept both
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Reject both
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Skip
2 / 191 (1.0%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
External world: idealism, skepticism, or non-skeptical realism?
Accept or lean toward: non-skeptical realism
167 / 191 (87.4%)
Accept or lean toward: skepticism
7 / 191 (3.7%)
Accept another alternative
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Accept or lean toward: idealism
2 / 191 (1.0%)
The question is too unclear to answer
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Reject all
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Other
2 / 191 (1.0%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Accept an intermediate view
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Agnostic/undecided
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Free will: compatibilism, libertarianism, or no free will?
Accept or lean toward: compatibilism
117 / 191 (61.3%)
Accept or lean toward: no free will
28 / 191 (14.7%)
Accept or lean toward: libertarianism
21 / 191 (11.0%)
Agnostic/undecided
11 / 191 (5.8%)
The question is too unclear to answer
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept an intermediate view
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Skip
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Reject one, undecided between others
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Accept more than one
1 / 191 (0.5%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
God: theism or atheism?
Accept or lean toward: atheism
157 / 191 (82.2%)
Accept or lean toward: theism
15 / 191 (7.9%)
Agnostic/undecided
7 / 191 (3.7%)
Skip
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Accept an intermediate view
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
The question is too unclear to answer
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Reject both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Knowledge claims: contextualism, relativism, or invariantism?
Accept or lean toward: invariantism
83 / 191 (43.5%)
Accept or lean toward: contextualism
68 / 191 (35.6%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
15 / 191 (7.9%)
Agnostic/undecided
9 / 191 (4.7%)
The question is too unclear to answer
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Accept an intermediate view
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept or lean toward: relativism
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Reject one, undecided between others
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Reject all
1 / 191 (0.5%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Knowledge: empiricism or rationalism?
Accept or lean toward: empiricism
61 / 191 (31.9%)
Accept or lean toward: rationalism
52 / 191 (27.2%)
Accept an intermediate view
26 / 191 (13.6%)
The question is too unclear to answer
23 / 191 (12.0%)
Accept both
17 / 191 (8.9%)
Reject both
7 / 191 (3.7%)
Accept another alternative
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Laws of nature: Humean or non-Humean?
Accept or lean toward: non-Humean
126 / 191 (66.0%)
Accept or lean toward: Humean
32 / 191 (16.8%)
Agnostic/undecided
16 / 191 (8.4%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
10 / 191 (5.2%)
The question is too unclear to answer
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Accept both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Skip
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Logic: classical or non-classical?
Accept or lean toward: classical
104 / 191 (54.5%)
Accept or lean toward: non-classical
33 / 191 (17.3%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
17 / 191 (8.9%)
Agnostic/undecided
15 / 191 (7.9%)
Accept both
11 / 191 (5.8%)
There is no fact of the matter
5 / 191 (2.6%)
The question is too unclear to answer
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept an intermediate view
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Skip
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Mental content: internalism or externalism?
Accept or lean toward: externalism
108 / 191 (56.5%)
Accept or lean toward: internalism
34 / 191 (17.8%)
Accept both
17 / 191 (8.9%)
Accept an intermediate view
15 / 191 (7.9%)
Accept another alternative
9 / 191 (4.7%)
There is no fact of the matter
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Reject both
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Agnostic/undecided
2 / 191 (1.0%)
The question is too unclear to answer
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Meta-ethics: moral realism or moral anti-realism?
Accept or lean toward: moral realism
120 / 191 (62.8%)
Accept or lean toward: moral anti-realism
42 / 191 (22.0%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
9 / 191 (4.7%)
Accept an intermediate view
7 / 191 (3.7%)
Agnostic/undecided
6 / 191 (3.1%)
The question is too unclear to answer
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Skip
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Metaphilosophy: naturalism or non-naturalism?
Accept or lean toward: naturalism
113 / 191 (59.2%)
Accept or lean toward: non-naturalism
34 / 191 (17.8%)
The question is too unclear to answer
22 / 191 (11.5%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Agnostic/undecided
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Skip
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept an intermediate view
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Reject both
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Mind: physicalism or non-physicalism?
Accept or lean toward: physicalism
117 / 191 (61.3%)
Accept or lean toward: non-physicalism
42 / 191 (22.0%)
The question is too unclear to answer
14 / 191 (7.3%)
Accept another alternative
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Accept an intermediate view
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Agnostic/undecided
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Reject both
2 / 191 (1.0%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Skip
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Moral judgment: cognitivism or non-cognitivism?
Accept or lean toward: cognitivism
128 / 191 (67.0%)
Accept or lean toward: non-cognitivism
35 / 191 (18.3%)
Accept an intermediate view
9 / 191 (4.7%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Accept another alternative
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Agnostic/undecided
3 / 191 (1.6%)
The question is too unclear to answer
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept both
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Skip
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Moral motivation: internalism or externalism?
Accept or lean toward: internalism
76 / 191 (39.8%)
Accept or lean toward: externalism
60 / 191 (31.4%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
28 / 191 (14.7%)
Agnostic/undecided
9 / 191 (4.7%)
The question is too unclear to answer
9 / 191 (4.7%)
Accept an intermediate view
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept both
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Skip
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Reject both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Newcomb's problem: one box or two boxes?
Accept or lean toward: two boxes
54 / 191 (28.3%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
52 / 191 (27.2%)
Accept or lean toward: one box
38 / 191 (19.9%)
Agnostic/undecided
29 / 191 (15.2%)
Skip
10 / 191 (5.2%)
The question is too unclear to answer
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Reject both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Normative ethics: deontology, consequentialism, or virtue ethics?
Accept or lean toward: consequentialism
47 / 191 (24.6%)
Accept or lean toward: deontology
46 / 191 (24.1%)
Accept or lean toward: virtue ethics
31 / 191 (16.2%)
Accept more than one
19 / 191 (9.9%)
Agnostic/undecided
15 / 191 (7.9%)
Accept an intermediate view
9 / 191 (4.7%)
Accept another alternative
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Reject all
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Skip
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Reject one, undecided between others
1 / 191 (0.5%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
The question is too unclear to answer
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Perceptual experience: disjunctivism, qualia theory, representationalism, or sense-datum theory?
Accept or lean toward: representationalism
82 / 191 (42.9%)
Accept or lean toward: qualia theory
33 / 191 (17.3%)
Accept or lean toward: disjunctivism
33 / 191 (17.3%)
Accept another alternative
10 / 191 (5.2%)
Accept or lean toward: sense-datum theory
8 / 191 (4.2%)
Accept more than one
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Reject all
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Agnostic/undecided
3 / 191 (1.6%)
The question is too unclear to answer
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Skip
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Reject one or two, undecided between others
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept an intermediate view
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Personal identity: biological view, psychological view, or further-fact view?
Accept or lean toward: psychological view
71 / 191 (37.2%)
Accept or lean toward: biological view
38 / 191 (19.9%)
Accept or lean toward: further-fact view
20 / 191 (10.5%)
Agnostic/undecided
12 / 191 (6.3%)
There is no fact of the matter
10 / 191 (5.2%)
Accept an intermediate view
9 / 191 (4.7%)
Accept another alternative
7 / 191 (3.7%)
Accept more than one
7 / 191 (3.7%)
Reject all
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Reject one, undecided between others
3 / 191 (1.6%)
The question is too unclear to answer
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Politics: communitarianism, egalitarianism, or libertarianism?
Accept or lean toward: egalitarianism
67 / 191 (35.1%)
Accept or lean toward: communitarianism
28 / 191 (14.7%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
25 / 191 (13.1%)
Accept or lean toward: libertarianism
21 / 191 (11.0%)
Agnostic/undecided
9 / 191 (4.7%)
Skip
8 / 191 (4.2%)
Accept more than one
8 / 191 (4.2%)
The question is too unclear to answer
8 / 191 (4.2%)
Reject all
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Accept another alternative
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Accept an intermediate view
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Reject one, undecided between others
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Proper names: Fregean or Millian?
Accept or lean toward: Millian
77 / 191 (40.3%)
Accept or lean toward: Fregean
67 / 191 (35.1%)
Accept an intermediate view
11 / 191 (5.8%)
Accept another alternative
8 / 191 (4.2%)
The question is too unclear to answer
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Reject both
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Agnostic/undecided
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Accept both
4 / 191 (2.1%)
There is no fact of the matter
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Skip
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Science: scientific realism or scientific anti-realism?
Accept or lean toward: scientific realism
160 / 191 (83.8%)
Accept or lean toward: scientific anti-realism
11 / 191 (5.8%)
The question is too unclear to answer
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Agnostic/undecided
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Accept an intermediate view
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Reject both
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Accept both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Teletransporter (new matter): survival or death?
Accept or lean toward: death
82 / 191 (42.9%)
Accept or lean toward: survival
77 / 191 (40.3%)
There is no fact of the matter
8 / 191 (4.2%)
Agnostic/undecided
7 / 191 (3.7%)
The question is too unclear to answer
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept an intermediate view
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Other
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Reject both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Accept both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Time: A-theory or B-theory?
Accept or lean toward: B-theory
56 / 191 (29.3%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
49 / 191 (25.7%)
Accept or lean toward: A-theory
39 / 191 (20.4%)
Agnostic/undecided
27 / 191 (14.1%)
Skip
8 / 191 (4.2%)
Accept both
4 / 191 (2.1%)
The question is too unclear to answer
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept another alternative
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept an intermediate view
2 / 191 (1.0%)
There is no fact of the matter
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Reject both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Trolley problem (five straight ahead, one on side track, turn requires switching, what ought one do?): switch or don't switch?
Accept or lean toward: switch
143 / 191 (74.9%)
Accept or lean toward: don't switch
12 / 191 (6.3%)
Agnostic/undecided
11 / 191 (5.8%)
The question is too unclear to answer
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
5 / 191 (2.6%)
Other
4 / 191 (2.1%)
There is no fact of the matter
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Skip
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Reject both
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Accept another alternative
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Accept an intermediate view
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Accept both
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Truth: correspondence, deflationary, or epistemic?
Accept or lean toward: correspondence
123 / 191 (64.4%)
Accept or lean toward: deflationary
37 / 191 (19.4%)
Accept or lean toward: epistemic
7 / 191 (3.7%)
Reject all
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Accept more than one
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Agnostic/undecided
4 / 191 (2.1%)
The question is too unclear to answer
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Accept another alternative
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Reject one, undecided between others
2 / 191 (1.0%)
Skip
1 / 191 (0.5%)
Zombies: inconceivable, conceivable but not metaphysically possible, or metaphysically possible?
Accept or lean toward: conceivable but not metaphysically possible
91 / 191 (47.6%)
Accept or lean toward: inconceivable
47 / 191 (24.6%)
Accept or lean toward: metaphysically possible
35 / 191 (18.3%)
The question is too unclear to answer
6 / 191 (3.1%)
Agnostic/undecided
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Reject all
4 / 191 (2.1%)
Accept another alternative
3 / 191 (1.6%)
Insufficiently familiar with the issue
1 / 191 (0.5%)
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