QIKJS-Part.III.C Qualitative Inquiry of Korean Judicial System Kiyoung Kim Professor of Law and Public Policy Dept. of Law, Chosun University Gawng-ju South Korea Russell Granderson Advanced Qualitative Analysis In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, Creswell (2012) discussed five qualitative approaches. Realism and heuristic are two additionial inquiry frameworks to qualitative research. Patton (2014, p. 111) argued that the combination of realism and truth are only possible based on contingencies of the context. In other words, as Ray Paulson (Patton, 2014, p. 111) asserted "only partial truths arise from evaluative inquiry." Maxwell posited ideas, intentions, and meanings are genuinely real but commonly not physically evident (p. 112). Causality is essential to realism, providing the core mechanism of explanation. Heuristics is an aspect of phenomenology that illuminates the intense personal experiences and insight of the investigator (Patton, 2014, p. 118). In Heuristics, the researcher must be fully immersed in the phenomena under study and uninhibited to elicit new discoveries while diligently seeking and asking questions (p. 119). Heuristics is an inquiry that can best be described as "follow your nose" (p. 119). My proposed study involves law enforcement officers who suffer posttraumatic stress disorder after being seriously assaulted. While realism highlights genuine causal factors that could lead to trauma and heuristics would provide a path to include my own experiences in the study, I think that a collective, multi-sited, case study using purposeful maximal sampling would serve as the best form of inquiry in my case. This framework would create an opportunity to obtain rich data through records, interviews, direct/participant observations, and physical artifacts as Yin suggested in Creswell (2012, p. 2174). References: 2 Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Author: Russell Granderson Date: Friday, December 4, 2015 9:00:09 PM EST Subject: RE: Discussion Week 1 Author: Kiyoung Kim Date: Friday, December 4, 2015 2:19:05 AM EST Subject: RE: Discussion Week 1 Hello Russell, Thank you for the excellent post. I have once been exposed to the extent of realism thought within the articles of political department. I agree on Maxwell's view that the ideas, intentions, and meanings are genuinely real, but commonly not physically evident. The articles criticized the American neo-realism in understanding the European integration from the British tradition of realism, in which the European history and experiences through the history must be placed central in analysis of the issues on the European integration. Pro-EU without a deep understanding of politics in region and historic lesson should arguably be false as a tool of analysis that may be committed by the US political scientists. In that tone of articles, I had fairly been attracted by the truth claims of British political philosophers, but I also doubted if those claims can be physically evident in consideration of the worldwide scale of analysis. The contingencies of context particularized for the European region over history may presume that it may not be generally wholesome, but partial truths as Ray Paulson asserted. I also came to realize that the part to universe and humans can be a matter of scale, while the Europeans can be more salient about their political fate by knowing on the basis of their own realism. Provided that you prefer to complement your qualitative studies with the approach of realism, your plan to construct the history of law enforcers' trauma illuminating the causality seems very workable. Given the causality is to be established, how do you expand your impact of research in terms of social change? Respectfully. Hi Kiyoung, Thank you, for sharing your knowledge, experience, and deep understanding of philosophy. I am looking forward to more as this course continues. To answer your question, the police culture is unique in many ways particularly regarding hiding personal weakness. This is such a prevalent problem that some officers commonly will self-medicate with alcohol or commit suicide. I hope to initiate social change through my research by 3 presenting viable options to police agencies that could help their personnel in addition to lowering potential liability issues. Author: Heidi Hollen Date: Thursday, December 3, 2015 2:42:50 AM EST Subject: RE: Discussion Week 1 The Heuristic method of qualitative research utilizes internal self-reflection, discovery and examination in order to determine the meaning of phenomenon (Djuraskovic & Arthur, 2010). Heuristic methodology is a distinctively compassionate approach that is deeply entrenched in an unspoken but understood familiarity, thus leading to a deeply subjective and personal connection between the phenomenon studied and the researcher (Djuraskovic & Arthur, 2010). The researcher is not omitted from the study, instead, the researcher must have a direct familiarity with the phenomenon studied, with the focus on meanings, quality and experience (Djuraskovic & Arthur, 2010). Participatory action research is an approach used by researchers to investigate significantly important social topics, thereby revealing the underlying causes of social problems in order to be a catalyst of social change (Powers & Allaman, 2012). The results of the research would then be shared with public policymakers and stakeholders to influence future policy decisions (Powers & Allaman, 2012). Both participatory action research and the Heuristic method would be viable approaches to use for my dissertation topic, which is sibling suicide bereavement. The topic of suicide is very personal for me as I lost a beloved brother in law to suicide in 2011 and have been active in suicide prevention since then as a board member and public policy advocate for the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention-Greater MN chapter. My current research approach is phenomenological, however I am intrigued by the Heuristic approach as the research is required to have a much more personal understanding of the research topic when compared to other methods. In my situation, I have lived the topic of sibling suicide bereavement while observing my husband's bereavement journey following the death of his brother. Participatory action research is also a viable alternative to explore as I am attracted to the social change aspect that is its core. As a public policy advocate, I travel to Washington, DC once a year with advocates from all 50 states to discuss mental health and suicide prevention legislation with my state's Congressional representation and their health liaisons. Our goal is to create interest in pending legislation in order to persuade them to vote for the bill when it is up for a vote. Every year, we gain co-sponsors for important legislation, but it is a long and uphill battle. While I am not ready to abandon my phenomenological approach for my research study, I am interested in continuing to learn more about both approaches I highlighted for this assignment. 4 References Djuraskovic, I., & Arthur, N. (2010, November). Heuristic Inquiry: A Personal Journey of Acculturation and Identity Reconstruction . The Qualitative Report , 15(6), 15691593 . Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ914023.pdf Powers, C. B., & Allaman, E. (2012, December 17). How Participatory Action Research Can Promote Social Change and Help Youth Development. Retrieved from Harvard: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/KBWParticipatoryAct ionResearch2012.pdf Author: Kiyoung Kim Date: Friday, December 4, 2015 1:32:30 AM EST Subject: RE: Discussion Week 1 My apology that the response to Heidi was posted mistakenly within the section of Curt. Hello Heidi, Thank you for the great post. I am fairly moved since it is truly saddest that one of family members had committed a suicide. Your research interest, therefore, would be natural with your commitment and tireless engagement, which will come fruitful with an excellent piece of work. I am also particularly interesting if the heuristic method of qualitative research can fit within my method as similar to your progress. The internal reflection through the lives of Korean days, amount of literature and media materials and concerning PAKJS can have a productive match-up with the heuristic approach. Any other artificial settings for data collection seem less meaningful in the studies of my topic, in which understood familiarity prevails to yield research findings and to generate a theory. In other words, the meanings, quality and experience of key players on PAKJS could be investigated more productively by employing the approach (Kim, 2015a,b,c,d,e). Participatory action research also can be effective to raise the voice of socially discrete group, of which I am also concerned. Given the bill of your interest is pending or your engagement thereafter, how do you highlight your research as an activist of suicide prevention in terms of social change? Respectfully. Author: Heidi Hollen Date: Saturday, December 5, 2015 1:04:42 AM EST Subject: RE:Response to Kiyoung Hi, Kiyoung. Thank you for your comments and your question. When someone dies of suicide, typically the emotional support is given to parents and/or the surviving spouse, leaving surviving siblings without a support system. Surviving siblings tend to be left without this support for several reasons, most notably due to the notion that their grief is less than parents or spouses and because they are uncomfortable to ask for support from parents or surviving spouses because they are dealing with their own grief. The social change I foresee 5 is to create awareness of the issue of sibling suicide bereavement. This awareness may inspire change in policy regarding how first responders, clergy, medical staff, coroners and funeral home staff help siblings of those who die by suicide. Instead of merely focusing on parents or spouses, siblings are also helped through the grieving process. This awareness may also create a societal shift, where siblings are automatically included in the support system following suicide. Author: Russell Granderson Date: Wednesday, December 2, 2015 1:46:12 PM EST Subject: RE: Discussion Week 1 Author: CURT BROWN Date: Wednesday, November 25, 2015 8:25:21 PM EST Subject: RE: Discussion Week 1 BROWN C Five Known Approaches to Qualitative Inquiry According to Creswell (2006) there are five approaches to qualitative inquiry (as cited in Sage Publications, 2006). These approaches are narrative research, phenomenological research, grounded theory, ethnographic research and case study research. In addition, it has been revealed that there are other approaches to qualitative inquiry. Two other approaches are discourse/conversation analysis research and field research. Discourse/ Conversation Analysis Research Discourse/ conversation analysis (Sage Publications, 2012) is the study of "naturally occurring" discourse. According to Sage Publications discourse/conversation analysis can include conversation, public event and existing documents. Sage Publications points out that both discourse and conversation both originated from ethno-methodological tradition. Both approaches study (usually recorded) "naturally occurring" language instead of text resulting from interviews and their goal is to extract socio-cultural meanings as well as phenomena from the discourse studied (Sage Publications, 2012). Field Research Another approach to qualitative research is field research. According to Trochim (2006) field research can be regarded as a broad approach and a method of gathering qualitative data. The essential concept is that the researcher makes his or her way "into the field" to observe a phenomenon in its natural state or in situ (Trochim, 2006). As a consequence field research is most related to participant observation (Trochim, 2006). A field researcher typically collects data in the form of field notes which are then analyzed in different ways (Trochim, 2006). The Approach for my Proposed Dissertation 6 The focus of my proposed dissertation will be on the perceptions of a Jamaican business group about using a particular strategy for strengthening Jamaica's anti-corruption policy. Because I will be seeking to get the views of the participants through mainly interviews the approach will be phenomenological. Neither the discourse/conversation nor field research approach is ideal to conduct the project. References Kim, Kiyoung, An Attempt on the Methodological Composure: Between the Number and Understanding, Nature and Construction (December 12, 2015a). K. Kim, An Attempt on the Methodological Composure: Between the Number and Understanding, Nature and Construction, Chosun University, 2015. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2702701 Kim, Kiyoung and Ju, Hyun-Meong and Khatun, Marium, A Reflection on the Research Method and Exemplary Application to the College and University Rankings (October 23, 2015b). Kiyoung Kim, Hyun-Meong Ju, Marium Khatun. A Reflection on the Research Method and Exemplary Application to the College and University Rankings. Education Journal. Vol. 4, No. 5, 2015, pp. 250-262. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20150405.23. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2686045 Kim, Kiyoung, Concerning the Research and Science (April 10, 2015c). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2592858 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2592858 Kim, Kiyoung, On the Method: Quantitative Reasonsing and Social Science (April 17, 2015d). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2595633 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2595633 Kim, Kiyoung, The Research Design and Methodologidal Deliberation (December 23, 2015e). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3305760 Sage Publications. (2006). Five qualitative approaches to inquiry. Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/13421_Chapter4.pdf Sage Publication. (2012). Qualitative Research: Defining and Designing. Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/48453_ch_1.pdf Trochim, M. K. (2006). Qualitative approaches. Retrieved from http://www. socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualapp.php