International Journal of Academic Management Science Research (IJAMSR) ISSN: 2000-001X Vol. 3 Issue 4, April – 2019, Pages: 40-41 www.ijeais.org/ijamsr 41 Socio-Economic Factors of the Cultural and Economic Centers of the Archaic Period in Khorezm Askarov Ollabergan Ikromovich Past master of the Faculty of History, the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail address: article_02@mail.ru Abstract: In 1937, the Khorezm Expedition carried out exploration work in the Lower Amudarya, Sarygomish and Uzboy districts and recorded more than 400 historical monuments(1). Among the ancient fortresses registered by members of the expedition, monuments of the archaic period (VI V centuries BC) were recorded. Keywords: Khorezm, Lower Amudarya, monuments of the archaic period, Sarykamysh, Amudarya and Syrdarya, P. Baratov, M. Mamatkulov, A. Rafikov, Kipchakdarya, Akchadarya, Erkindarya, Kokhnadarya, Taldykdarya, Kazakdarya and etc. INTRODUCTION According to the employee of the Khorezm Expedition, M.G. Vorobeva, the population of the right bank of the Amudarya River has 250 settlements and more than 60 archaic settlements(2). As a result of the geological research conducted by the employee of the Khorezm expedition A. Kes, it became known that during the fourth geological epoch the borders of Uzboy, Sarykamish, Lower Amudarya and Aral Sea were formed(3). Uzbek geographers pointed to the formation of Uzboy, Sarykamysh and Lower Amudarya due to the dynamics of Amudarya and Syrdarya, in a textbook on the natural geography of Central Asia(4). According to P. Baratov, M. Mamatkulov, A. Rafikov, 25-10 million years ago (the Neogene period) there were very wide plains in the Aral Sea and Kyzyl Kum. Dystrophy of the Aral Sea was discovered at the end of the high Neogene and was not in its current state. In the fourth geological period, the Amu Darya turned to the north through the Karakum Plain. Having filled with water from five tributaries of the Zarafshan River, the Amu Darya poured its part through the Uzboy to the southwest of the Caspian Sea(5). On the northeast side of the right bank of the Amu Darya, are the Sultan Uvais Mountains, 471 m high(6). On the northwestern side, the height of the mountains Yumurtag and Kubotag does not exceed 300 meters. The Amu Darya basin originates in Nukus, and the total area of the delta is 144,500 km2. The ancient reservoir of the Lower Amudarya is a man-made alluvial deposits (clay, clay, sand, sand), its thickness is 20 meters, and in some areas 100 meters. The Amu Darya River narrows close to Pitnak forms Tuyamuyun. The width of the valley is 450-480 m, and then expands to 10 km. Between the mountains, Sultan Uvays, Kuyanchik, Koratov, Dzhumirtov and the low slopes of the Amu Darya flow narrowing. After the city of Nukus, the Amudarya River is divided into the following branches: Kipchakdarya, Akchadarya, Erkindarya, Kokhnadarya, Taldykdarya, Kazakdarya. Cold, spring-winter autumn begins as a result of the arrival of cold weather from the Arctic, across northeast Siberia. In 1925, the Amu Darya flowed 8 km from the city of Turtkul, and in 1934 500 meters. In 1938, the waters of the Amu Darya began to flow into Turtkul. By 1959, the entire city was sunk by the flood of the Amu Darya River. Large and medium-sized small irrigation systems such as Polvoniop, Ghazavat, Shovot, Kilichniyozboy, Tashsak, Mangit, Kizgetan, Kyrkyz occupy an important place in the development of irrigated agriculture. Under the ground, the Amu Darya basin can be divided into natural geographic areas, such as ChimbayKungrad, Beltov and Khorezm, depending on the natural conditions and location of soil plants. The naturalgeographical region of Khorezm is the ancient valley of the Amu Darya River(7). According to R. Kurbaniyazov, the territory of the oasis was the bottom of the sea in the Mesozoic era and in the Paleogene period. The geological structure of Khorezm consisted of 4 types of layers. For example: 1. Regions of ancient crystalline rocks (Yumurtog, Kubatog). 2. Territories on the right bank of the Amu Darya, consisting of crushed layers. 3. Paleogene rocks in the adjacent areas of Tuyamuyun. 4. Karakum-Zaugizi in the period of non-breeds. Avesta reflects the first history of the Amu Darya. Preliminary data on the dynamics of the Amudarya River are recorded in the tenth part of the book Avesta-Yasht. That is, "the courageous leaders of this country make military campaigns, in this country there are meadows and high-flowing high mountains. Their rivers flow through Ishkat, Paruta, Margian, Aresa, Gava Sugda and Khorezm and the book says(8). Greek historian Hekatei Miletsky in 522-519-bg. in his notes, based on records made on the orders of Darius 1 about Skilak's trip to Asia, he wrote the book "The Image of the Earth", where in the "Asia" section he wrote about Khorezmians and Khorezm. According to historical data recorded in the works of Hecatey, Athenaeus writes: "To the east of the Parthain live the Khorezmians who occupied the mountains. In the mountains grow wild trees, thorny trees International Journal of Academic Management Science Research (IJAMSR) ISSN: 2000-001X Vol. 3 Issue 4, April – 2019, Pages: 40-41 www.ijeais.org/ijamsr 42 Kinara. Stepan writes, the city east of Parthia is Khorezm(9). " After the occupation of Central Asia by A. Macedonian, the exact periodic history of the peoples of the region began to appear on the history page(11). Aristotle, Strabo, Ptolemy, Aryan, Quint Curtius Ruf, Polybius wrote the history of the ancient world of Khorezm. However, there are no cities in the works that were built by our ancestors. Aristotle writes: Amu Darya is the largest river after the Indus River, ships are sent to the river, where they transport a large amount of Indian goods to the Hyrcan Sea, from where they deliver goods to Albania and say that they go to Albania via the Kura to the Black Sea. The Greek geographer Strabo followed in the footsteps of Herodotus, confused the Amu Darya with the Araks River and wrote it down. That is, "I confirm that the Araks River, which is divided in many areas, gives more water to the country than other rivers; it spills northward with its entire network into the Girkan Gulf. Arahoses live along the Oks near Massagets and Bactrians. The author claims that the Khorezmians, along with Parthia, Hyrcania, Aresa, and Drangiana, paid tribute(12). According to Polybius (204-121 BC), apasiacs live between Oks and Yaksart. The first river flows into the Hyrcan Sea, and the second into Lake Meatida. Ships sailing across both rivers. An interesting fact is that nomads cross Hyrcanus without getting off the horse. They say two different information. The first is quite simple, and the second is amazing, but one cannot say that this is impossible. Oks turns into a huge river in Bactria due to its connection with the waters of the Caucasus Mountains, which flow far beyond the broad plain. Then, reaches the desert and is faced with large and steep cliffs. Descent, water flows from the rocks. Apasiaki pass through this waterfall from a dry place to Hyrcania. The following story is more like the truth. There are many places and plains in the coastal areas. Many mountains, steppes, where the river flows. Due to the fact that the barbarians are well aware of these places, they pass through the place where the river from the ground passes into Hyrcania(13). Abu Rayhon Beruniy asserts: "He (Khorezm) must have been a lake once, because Jeyhun crossed the Caspian Sea near Balkan. Geological scientists and geographers based on this conduct extensive research on the history of the Amu Darya. RESULT According to archaeological research conducted in the historical and cultural regions of Central Asia, the socioeconomic factors of the socio-economic and ethno-cultural development of the ancient society. He appeared in the 6 th. BC in the foothills of the Kopetdog in the south of Turkmenistan. Farmers engaged in livestock and agriculture. (Joytun, Chakmutlitepa). CONCLUSION Socio-economic factors that emerged in the early Neolithic era during the creation of the first cultural and economic centers were formed in the foothills of Kopetdog. In the historical period from 4 to 3 millennium BC. There have been changes in the socio-economic development of society in Central Asia. The use of copper has intensified the socio-economic development of society. On the right bank of the Amu Darya, former cultural and economic complexes are falling into decay. 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