on December 7, 2016http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/Downloaded from rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.orgCorrection Cite this article: Nakao H, Tamura K, Arimatsu Y, Nakagawa T, Matsumoto N, Matsugi T. 2016 Correction to: 'Violence in the prehistoric period of Japan: the spatio-temporal pattern of skeletal evidence for violence in the Jomon period'. Biol. Lett. 12: 20160847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0847Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3579983.& 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.Correction to: 'Violence in the prehistoric period of Japan: the spatio-temporal pattern of skeletal evidence for violence in the Jomon period' Hisashi Nakao, Kohei Tamura, Yui Arimatsu, Tomomi Nakagawa, Naoko Matsumoto and Takehiko Matsugi Biol. Lett. 12, 20160028. (Published online 30 March 2016) (doi:10.1098/rsbl. 2016.0028) After publication of our article, we found that Kamikuroiwa Iwakage site was wrongly categorized to the Early Jomon phase and counted doubly in the electronic supplementary material; however, the site should belong to the Initial phase. Also, the number of individuals at some sites were slightly wrong. We have therefore modified figure 1, table 1 and the electronic supplementary material (see also Dryad: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.60d18). Following these modifications, some parts of the main text in §3. Results and §4. Discussion and conclusion have also been corrected as follows (corrected expressions are emphasized in bold). Note that these corrections do not affect our main conclusion at all.3. Results . . . Nevertheless, the average violence mortality value across the entire Jomon period was found to be just 1.81%, much lower than those from previous studies (12–14%) [5,7,13].4. Discussion and conclusion . . . the values of mortality attributable to violence both over the entire Jomon period (1.81%) and in each phase (0–3.57%) are much lower than the ones in previous studies (12–14%) [5,7,13] . . .. In addition, we have found no injured individuals in the Early Jomon period (and perhaps also in the Initial phase, lasting for 5000 years or more, see the electronic supplementary material) though non-injured individuals were discovered for the period. Initial Jomon: (1) Kamikuroiwa Iwakage site Middle Jomon: (2) Miyano shell midden (3) Aoshima shell midden (4) Takanekido shell midden (5) Tsubue Funamoto shell midden Late Jomon: (6) Kasoriminami shell midden (7) Fuyuki A shell midden (8) Shimo Numabe shell midden (9) Hegi cave Final Jomon: (10) Sanganji shell midden (11) Ikawazu shell midden (12) Hobi shell midden (13) Fukahori site (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (6) (8) (9) (10) (11) (13) (12) N 14 5° E 45° N 500 km0 Figure 1. Spatio-temporal pattern of the sites where injured bones from the Jomon period were discovered. Table 1. Estimates of the rate of mortality attributable to violence over the Jomon period as the percentage of injured individuals (ID) among (i) the total population, (ii) adults only and (iii) adults only for sites with skeletal remains of 10 or more individuals. phase total adults ID adultsa IDa rate of mortality attributable to warfare ID/total (%) ID/adults (%) IDa/adultsa (%) initial 113 39 1 28 1 0.89 2.56 3.57 early 216 117 0 98 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 middle 371 172 5 97 3 1.35 2.91 3.09 late 944 470 7 398 6 0.74 1.49 1.51 final 932 471 10 430 9 1.07 2.12 2.09 total 2576 1269 23 1051 19 0.89 1.81 1.81 aExcluding data for sites with skeletal remains of fewer than 10 individuals. rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org Biol.Lett.12:20160847 2 on December 7, 2016http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/Downloaded from