PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 http://www.apsijournal.com/ ISSN 2414-0023 (Print) ISSN 2414-004X (Online) DOI (Issue): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5 Vitalii Shymko1 1 DSc. in Psychological Science, Professor of the Psychology Department, Hryhorii Skovoroda State Pedagogical University, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Ukraine) ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4937-6976 USING PHENOTYPOLOGY HYPOTHESES AS A PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT TOOL: THE TENTATIVE VALIDATION STUDY © Vitalii Shymko UDC: Address for correspondence, e-mail: editpsychas@gmail.com Copyright: © Vitalii Shymko This is an Open Access journal, all articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. BSTRACT DOI (Article): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.1 Problem statement. The transformational pace of modern education, healthcare, business management systems, etc., requires new approaches for prompt and reliable personality assessment. The need for rapid diagnosis of psychological characteristics of students, patients, managers, sellers, customers, etc. is actualized as never before. In turn, this reanimates interest towards the idea of a direct relation between physical and psychological characteristics. Explicitly or implicitly, such an idea underlies many theoretical models of personality. However, with regard to a practice, this notion does not turn up straight and simple, does it? Bodily-psychological interconnections are the object of a complex interdisciplinary study, which requires a convergence of viewpoints on observable physique characteristics (phenotype), personality traits and behavioral patterns. Analysis of recent research and publications. The very idea of connection between phenotype, personality and behavior is not new and goes back to the ancient Greeks. Darwinism revived the interest to this issue, which was reflected in the emergence of several relevant theories in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries 10 PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 http://www.apsijournal.com/ ISSN 2414-0023 (Print) ISSN 2414-004X (Online) DOI (Issue): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5 (Lombroso, 2006, Kretschmer, 1921, Sheldon, 1940, et al.). Currently, the topic is mostly studied and discussed in terms of health disorders (Cassidy, Morris, 2002, Couzens, 2014, Flint, 1998, Lloyd, Valles, 2010, O'Brien, Yule,1995, Riva, Bellugi & Denckla,2005, Skuse, 2000, et al.). Nevertheless, there is the lack of modern scientific data and theoretical models that would claim a personality assessment and behavior prediction based on the phenotype. The exception is a recently appeared, but promising approach called Phenotypology. "Phenotypology is a science about the interconnection of psychological and psychophysical characteristics in person's behavior genetics on the basis of individual features of his phenotype. Phenotype is an aggregate of the biological individual's (in particular human's) features in every specific moment of its life. Phenotype is formed with the assistance of genotype under the influence of the environment, and is manifestation of genotype in particular conditions. It is possible to uncover the genetic program of any person's development merely using the scientifically ascertained well-founded and strictly classified data. Phenotype technology combines multidimensional scaling, cluster and factor analysis" (L-contact, 2018). Phenotypology claims to be a scientific basis for business management systems, offers recommendations on the specifics of recruitment, features of working with clients, etc. (Kaftanova, 2014, Lucin, 2018). The theory is popularized (mainly in the Eastern Europe) as a new way to quickly understand personal psychology and endeavors to be introduced into specific spheres of social life as guide to action. Most diagnostic criteria are associated with different characteristics of facial features (eyes, nose, lips, ears, chin, etc.) and neck length. Moreover, the authors clearly distinguish Phenotypology from Physiognomy and insist the uniqueness of the former. "Phenotypology doesn't have any analogues in the whole world to date and is the most efficient technology of person's character features' recognition and people's behavior prediction. Possessing the knowledge of Phenotypology you possess a powerful "weapon", latest technologies in the sphere of interpersonal relationships, family, children up-bringing, selling, employing, working with clients, business etc." (L-contact, 2018). Highlighting previously unresolved parts of the overall problem the article is devoted to. Unfortunately, up to the time of this publication, we were unable to find any scientific reports containing the empirical results of Phenotypology verification. Some of the theoretical positions are set forth on the predominantly promotional Internet-sources (L-contact, 2018; Vivapersona, 2018). Yet more or less detailed disclosure of the methodology, theoretical basis and practical application of the approach have been presented in a series of television programs on one of the popular TV channels (Life Code, 2012). Nevertheless, the lack of published research data does not necessarily mean that the theory is untrue. The accessibility of diagnostic criteria - such as facial features and neck length - potentially makes Phenotypology's hypotheses a promising basis for developing a profiling tool. For over twenty years, we have been developing and improving such a tool (Shymko, 2017) based on understanding of the behavioral patterns through the lens of character manifestation as a hierarchic set of psychological defense mechanisms (Reich, 1990). Therefore, the goal of our research was to test the validity of some Phenotypology hypotheses for making a character diagnosis. And accordingly to the stated research goal, the purpose of the article is presentation of the carried out validation results. Outline of the main material and results of the study. Scientific substantiation of the methodology of the conducted research. The first phase of our study1 was theoretical, i.e. we analyzed the consistency of the conceptual model with the criteria apparatus of Phenotypology and respective logic of diagnostic inference. Here wève found an essential mismatch. On the one hand, Phenotypology declares a complex multi-level view on the behavior formation: "Phenotypology is based on organs' physiology. Teaching Phenotypology is based on four strictly successive steps: 1. Physiology – how the human organs are structured (for instance, chin, helix, nose, lips, eyebrows etc.) 2. Psychophysiology – the interconnection between the nerve system and individual physiological peculiarities. 3. Psychology the immediate branch of a person's charac1 The study was not preregistered in any independent, institutional registry. © Vitalii Shymko DOI (Article): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.1 11 PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 http://www.apsijournal.com/ ISSN 2414-0023 (Print) ISSN 2414-004X (Online) DOI (Issue): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5 ter. 4. Compensatory (adaptive) mechanism – the most significant index in Phenotypology. The compensatory (adaptive) mechanism, in particular, illustrates and explains the difference between the features that are founded by the nature (which sometimes are thoroughly camouflaged) and those characteristics, which are shown open" (Lcontact, 2018). However, the factual diagnostic procedure relies on the direct conclusion about the behavior specificity based on peculiar bodily features or combination of ones. Thus, the structure of the individual behavior understanding is at odds with the structure of respective inferences of its peculiarities. The inferences are carried out based on a direct reduction of the individual psychological characteristics to the anthropometric features. The explanatory reasoning used is, in our opinion, highly debatable and to be experimentally proved. Here some of Phenotypology assumptions that we are interested in due to the possibility of their applied use in profiling: a. narrow tip of the nose2 corresponds with the pedantic features and the propensity of the individual to distinguish small details (in our study, we signified this group of traits as – pedantry); b. wide tip of the nose3 is associated with a lack of pedantic features and a tendency to perceive the current situation as a whole (lack of pedantry); c. length of the neck4 is proportional to the stress resistance of an individual the shorter the neck, the lower the tolerance to stress and the higher the impulsivity (impetuosity – lack of impetuosity); d. protruding chin5 (together with a well-developed lower jaw) is associated with a belligerence, high level of aggression, prevalence of achievements motivation (aggressiveness); e. receding chin indicates passive traits, predominance of failure avoidance motivation (lack of aggressiveness or passivity); f. protruding ears6 correspond with the intellectual straightness of a individual, the propensity to perceive the world as "as it is" (naivety); g. ears pressed to the head7 are inherent to intellectually flexible people, cunning and quirky, who perceive the world as going beyond obvious things (paranoidness); h. ratio of nose length to ear length8 indicates prevalence of pragmatic (if nose shorter then ear) or axiological (if ear shorter then nose) style of reasoning. The second phase of the study9 was an empirical one. The research was conducted during the period from 2013 to 2018 at Hryhoriy Skovoroda State Pedagogical University in Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky (Kyiv region, Ukraine). All studied people were undergraduate and graduate students, faculty and technical staff of the university. Initially, the sample was 306 respondents, of which 235 were selected for analysis, based on the criteria set out below. The sample comprised the respondents aged from 21 to 64 years (59.6% of women), all Caucasians and belong to the Ukrainian ethnicity. The evaluation of the bodily features and character traits was carried out by 4 experts (2 Ph.D. in psychology, 1 Ph.D. in pedagogy and 1 M.D.; each of them has more than 15 years of practical psychological and pedagogical experience). 2 Phenotypology comes from the assumption that the narrow tip of a nose causes the sequential air access. In such conditions the stimulation of the olfactory receptors occurs in portions. This leads to a separate perception of odors and, consequently, forms a generalized tendency to distinguish details and attach importance to them. 3 Phenotypology suggests the wide tip of the nose causes mixing of air entering the body and, unlike the narrow tip, this contributes to the prevalence of a tendency towards holistic perception of the object, situation, event, etc. 4 The long neck, in the theory of Phenotypology, is regarded as a mechanical shock absorber of the head. In addition, the longer neck is the longer system of blood vessels connecting the heart and the brain. This supposedly reduces cardiac intensity during stress. 5 Chin, as part of the lower jaw, is considered within the framework of Phenotypology, in fact, in Lobrosian's sense. 6 In the opinion of phenotypologists, a person with protruding ears perceives auditory information, which is fundamentally relevant to what is accessible through the visual channel of perception. Thus, the audio stimuli correspond with the visual stimuli and vice versa. This leads to the formation of a worldview, which is characterized by visibility, simplicity, straightness, etc. 7 According to Phenotypology, a man with ears pressed to his head, hears more than he can see. So, a directly not visible part of reality forms such representation about it which assumes its explicit and latent dimensions. 8 Phenotypology is based on the assumption that olfactory stimulation is associated with evaluative sensual function of thinking, meanwhile auditory stimulation is associated with non-emotional rational reasoning. 9 The study complies with all relevant ethical regulations. All data collection and study procedures were approved by the Ethics Commission of Hryhoriy Skovoroda State Pedagogical University in Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky. Each participant provided written consent. © Vitalii Shymko DOI (Article): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.1 12 PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 http://www.apsijournal.com/ ISSN 2414-0023 (Print) ISSN 2414-004X (Online) DOI (Issue): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5 On the one hand, we assessed the presence and degree of respective characterological traits, which are allegedly determined by or at least connected with the specified facial and neck features. Herewith, we proceeded from the fact that such traits as impetuosity, aggressiveness, passivity and pedantry obviously correspond to the central features of the so-called pure character types described by Wilhelm Reich (1990), namely – hysterical, phallic-narcissistic, passive-feminine and compulsive (respectively). The same traits are inherent to representatives of the so-called mixed types of character, whose behavioral repertoire is expanding due to the action of other factors (including above naivety, paranoidness, pragmatic and axiological way of thinking, etc.). Before the current research, Reich's model was adapted by us for the diagnostic identification of pure and mixed types of character through the standardized observation of bodily, mimic, paralinguistic, and certain speech characteristics (Shymko, 2017). Using this adaptation, experts had carried out diagnostics of each respondent and summarized diagnostic opinion on the degree of a particular characterological trait on the following scale: 1) there are no signs; 2) signs are mild; 3) signs are pronounced (acute). Thus, in further analysis, it was not only the type of character of a respondent that was considered, but the degree of behavioral manifestations of respective features as well. Those respondents for whom expert opinions differed, either qualitatively or even quantitatively, were excluded from the sample. In this way, we tried to increase the reliability of our findings. On the other hand, we carried out assessment of the respondents' bodily features according to the criteria of Phenotypology set forth in the television programs (Life Code, 2012). Thus, in assessing the tip of the nose, we identified three options – a narrow, medium and wide (fig. 1). We also distinguished three chin variants: protruding, normal and receding (fig. 2). Nose length we measured from a nose bridge to the tip and an ear length was determined by the maximum straight distance between its upper edge to the lower border of the earlobe (fig. 3). In both cases, measurements were made using a conventional measuring ruler with an accuracy of 1 millimeter, after which we compared the results and distinguished the following positions: 1) the nose is longer than the ear; 2) the nose is equal to the ear; 3) the nose is shorter than the ear. However, in available sources of Phenotypology, guidelines for the measurement of the anthropometric features are not always presented clearly and unambiguously. For example, difficulties arose in estimating the length of the neck – short, average, and long. For this purpose, we used a technique that allows one to differentiate the length of the neck, prorated to other anthropometric features of the same body – the palm width (Lamport, 2014). Namely, each respondent was asked to place own hand vertically on the neck right under the chin. If the distance to the upper edge of the jugular cavity was equal to palm width (four fingers wide barring the thumb), we conclude such a case Fig. 1. Nose tip features: narrow, medium, wide. © Vitalii Shymko DOI (Article): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.1 13 PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 http://www.apsijournal.com/ ISSN 2414-0023 (Print) ISSN 2414-004X (Online) DOI (Issue): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5 as an average neck. If that distance was smaller than palm – short neck. If it was bigger – long neck. To assess the ears protrudiness, we used the otoplastic method of rapid diagnosis of lop-earedness (Plastic surgery, 2010). This technique, as well as the evaluation of the neck length, involved a comparison of different bodily features of one person. To wit, we used a comparison of the index finger thickness and the width of the space between the ear and the surface of the head. If the finger did not fit into this space, the ears were evaluated as pressed to the head. If the finger fitted normal ears. If it fitted and there left free space between the finger and the auricle protruding ears. Multiple regression analysis was applied to the data obtained, since we were interested in the question whether it is possible to use the facial and neck features to predict the psychological characteristics of the subjects. The cases were considered when regression was statistically significant. Impetuosity As we can see in the Table 1, the significance of regression is conditional here (F=2.791, p=0,027). Adjusted Fig. 2. Chin variants: receding, normal and protruding. Fig. 3. Ear and nose length measurement. Table 1. Impetuosity, ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 6.576 4 1.644 2.791 .027b Residual 133.700 227 .589 Total 140.276 231 a. Dependent Variable: impetuosity b. Predictors: (Constant), neck_length, ears_protruding, nose_tip_narrowness, chin_shape © Vitalii Shymko DOI (Article): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.1 14 PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 http://www.apsijournal.com/ ISSN 2414-0023 (Print) ISSN 2414-004X (Online) DOI (Issue): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5 R2 = 0,030, which means that approximately 3% of the variance in dependent variable (DV) is explained by independent variables (IVs). The only one significant predictor of impetuosity was found – chin shape (β =0.184, p=0.01). Other predictors were not significant as we can see from Table 2. Aggressiveness The significance of regression here is much better in comparison with the previous parameter, i.e. it is F=6.729, p<0.001 (Table 3). Adjusted R2 = 0,090, that is, about 9% of the variance in DV is explained by IVs. In accordance with the data in Table 4, when levels of aggressiveness were predicted, it was found that chin shape was the only significant predictor (β =0.283, p<0.001). Passivity High significance of regression for this parameter (F=5.447, p<0.001; Table 5 is still accompanied by a weak performance of adjusted R2 = 0.071. And again, chin shape was the only significant predictor that has been turned out in our analysis (β = 0.221, p=0.002). Results on other predictors you can find in the Table 6. Table 2 Impetuosity, Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. 95.0% Confidence Interval for B B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound 1 (Constant) .412 .337 1.221 .223 -.253 1.076 ears_protruding -.117 .086 -.091 -1.360 .175 -.286 .052 nose_tip_narrowness .079 .067 .082 1.185 .237 -.052 .210 chin_shape .246 .095 .184 2.591 .010 .059 .434 neck_length .074 .084 .064 .870 .385 -.093 .240 a. Dependent Variable: impetuosity Table 3 Aggressiveness, ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 14.815 4 3.704 6.729 .000b Residual 124.939 227 .550 Total 139.754 231 a. Dependent Variable: aggressiveness b. Predictors: (Constant), neck_length, ears_protruding, nose_tip_narrowness, chin_shape Table 4 Aggressiveness, Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. 95.0% Confidence Interval for B B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound 1 (Constant) -.182 .326 -.560 .576 -.825 .460 ears_protruding -.042 .083 -.033 -.512 .609 -.206 .121 nose_tip_narrowness .070 .064 .073 1.084 .279 -.057 .197 chin_shape .379 .092 .283 4.127 .000 .198 .561 neck_length .135 .082 .118 1.657 .099 -.026 .296 a. Dependent Variable: aggressiveness © Vitalii Shymko DOI (Article): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.1 15 PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 http://www.apsijournal.com/ ISSN 2414-0023 (Print) ISSN 2414-004X (Online) DOI (Issue): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5 As we can see, the results of multiple regression analysis prove that the prediction of the psychological characteristics cannot be realized through such bodily parameters as: neck length, protrusion of the ears and the shape of the nose tip. At the same time identified statistical regularities for the chin shape, in our opinion, too, are not reliable enough that the parameter could be used as a practical tool for profiling. Our skepticism on this issue is based on low rates of R2 <0,10 and insufficiently high rates of the predictor`s strength β<0.300. Conclusions. Based on the above findings, we believe that the practical application of Phenotypology statements is doubtful at the very least for the purposes of character diagnosis and personality assessment. Thus, we consider the use of the Phenotypology approach for practical performing of differential psychological examination has not been sufficiently substantiated yet. Prospects for further research. Results of the study are tentative due to respective Limitations on Generality. We believe it is necessary to continue verification of the Phenotypology hypotheses on a broader experimental sample with the inclusion of various ethnic and racial groups' representatives. As well it is necessary to expand the set of diagnostic attributes (it is stated that the criterial apparatus of Phenotypology includes more than 140 such features, however, the number of the published is an order of magnitude less). In addition, when forming the sample, it is necessary to consider such moments as possible people's surgical or traumatic interventions that changed their appearance. We did not clarify this issue in the formation of the current sample. In addition, a fundamentally important issue is the correct application of phenotypic criteria and attributes, the idea of which we have formed from the only available source – television broadcasts. Therefore, the direction of further verification of the Phenotypology hypotheses will be determined in many respects by the appearance of relevant scientific publications that reveal the methodological and practical specifics of the approach. References : Cassidy, S & Morris, C. 2002. Behavioral phenotypes in genetic syndromes: genetic clues to human behavior. Advances in Pediatrics. 49(1), pp. 59-86. Couzens, D. 2014. Behavior Phenotype: A Synthesis of Research to Understand Age‐Related Change in Behavior in Several Syndromes. 5th March. Wiley Online Library. [Online]. [25 January 2019]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12066 Flint, J. 1998. Behavioral phenotypes: conceptual and methodological Table 5. Passivity, ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 8.957 4 2.239 5.447 .000b Residual 93.319 227 .411 Total 102.276 231 a. Dependent Variable: passivity b. Predictors: (Constant), neck_length, ears_protruding, nose_tip_narrowness, chin_shape Table 6. a. Dependent Variable: passivity Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. 95.0% Confidence Interval for B B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound 1 (Constant) 1.216 .282 4.315 .000 .661 1.771 ears_protruding .097 .072 .088 1.353 .177 -.044 .238 nose_tip_narrowness -.028 .056 -.034 -.501 .617 -.138 .082 chin_shape -.254 .079 -.221 -3.195 .002 -.410 -.097 neck_length -.142 .071 -.145 -2.019 .045 -.281 -.003 © Vitalii Shymko DOI (Article): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.1 16 PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 http://www.apsijournal.com/ ISSN 2414-0023 (Print) ISSN 2414-004X (Online) DOI (Issue): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5 issues. Am J Med Genet 81:235–240. Kaftanova, A. 2014. Phenotypology Science that allows you to read a person. 11th March. HRMUA. [Online]. [18 October 2018]. Available from: http://www.hrm.ua/ [in Russian] Kretschmer, E. 1921. Physique and Character: An Investigation of the Nature of Constitution and the Theory of Ternperament. New ed., rev. London: Routledge. Lamport, I. 2014. How to know if you have a long or short neck. 4th December. Inside out style. [Online]. [10 April 2019]. Available from: https://insideoutstyleblog.com/2014/12/how-to-know-ifyou-have-a-long-or-short-neck.html L-contact. 2018. L-contactee. [Online]. [19 September 2018]. Available from: http://www.l-contact.ee Life Code. 2012. REN TV. Moscow, 2-6 April. Television. Available from: http://ren.tv/proekti/zhiznennyy-kod Lloyd, E.A., Valles, S. 2010. Behavioural Phenotypes: Goals and Methods. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http:// www.els.net [doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0005856.pub2] Lombroso, C. 2006. In: Criminal Man . Gibson M, Hahn Rafter N, translators. Durham NC: Duke University Press. Lucin, M. 2018. Phenotypology. . HUMAN PHENOTYPE IN BUSINESS. [Online]. [18 October 2018]. Available from: http:// www.vivapersona.eu/ O'Brien G., Yule W. 1995. Behavioural phenotypes. Clinics in developmental medicine. No. 138. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Plastic surgery and anti-age medicine clinic ana-cosmo. 2010. Ear Surgery. [Online]. [11 April 2019]. Available from: https:// anacosmo.ua/en/plasticheskaya-hirurgiya/otoplastika/ Reich, W. 1990. Character Analysis, 3rd, enlarged edition, trans. Vincent R. Carfagno, Riva, D., Bellugi, U. & Denckla, M. 2005. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Cognitive Behavioural Phenotypes. : John Libbey Eurotext. Sheldon, W. 1940 The Varieties of Human Physique: An Introduction to Constitutional Psychology. New York: Harper. Shymko, V.A. 2017. Character analysis of oral activity: contact profiling. PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, (21(1), 186-202. Available from https://psycholing-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/view/51 Skuse, D. 2000. Behavioural phenotypes: what do they teach us?. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 82(3). Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.82.3.222 Vivapersona. 2018. Viva persona. [Online]. [19 September 2018]. Available from: http://www.vivapersona.eu/ Шимко Виталий Артурович Доктор психологических наук, профессор кафедры психологии, Переяслав-Хмельницкий государственный педагогический университет им. Григория Сковороды, г. Переяслав-Хмельницкий (Украина) ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГИПОТЕЗ ФЕНОТИПОЛОГИИ В КАЧЕСТВЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТА ОЦЕНКИ ЛИЧНОСТИ: ВАЛИДИЗАЦИОННОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ АННОТАЦИЯ Современные темпы трансформации образования, здравоохранения, систем управления бизнесом и других сфер жизнедеятельности требуют новых подходов, позволяющих быстро и надежно оценить личность. Фенотипология предположительно является одной из таких теорий, которая среди прочего утверждает наличие взаимосвязей между психологическими и психофизическими характеристиками в генетике поведения человека, обнаруживаемых на основе индивидуальных особенностей фенотипа. Целью данной статьи является изложение результатов проверки ряда гипотез фенотипологии, как возможного инструмента для оценки личности. Чтобы проверить наличие связей между фенотипическими признаками и индивидуальным поведением, было проведено валидизационное исследование, в котором респонденты дифференцировались в соответствии с некоторыми антропометрическими (лицевыми) особенностями и характерологическими поведенческими проявлениями. Полученные результаты были квантифицированы, количественно оценены и проанализированы с помощью математико-статистической методологии линейной регрессии. Результаты проведенного изучения содержат обоснование для вывода об отсутствии статистически значимой взаимосвязи между исследованными фенотипическими чертами тела и такими индивидуально-психологическими характеристиками, как – агрессивность, импульсивность, педантичность, пассивность и др. А именно, проанализирована обоснованность использования соответствующих гипотез фенотипологии для построения прогностического вывода в отношении наличия или отсутствия определенных черт характера. Полученные результаты не подтверждают возможность прямого использования фенотипологического подхода для достоверной характерологической диагностики. Вместе с тем, результаты ис- © Vitalii Shymko DOI (Article): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.1 17 PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 Volume 6 Issue 5 2020 http://www.apsijournal.com/ ISSN 2414-0023 (Print) ISSN 2414-004X (Online) DOI (Issue): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5 следования являются предварительными в связи с некоторыми ограничениями выборочной совокупности. Необходимо продолжить проверку гипотез фенотипологии на более широкой экспериментальной выборке с включением в нее представителей различных этнических и расовых групп. Однако до проведения такого исследования, основываясь на фактических данных, практическое применение подхода фенотипологии представляется сомнительным, по крайней мере, для целей диагностики характера и оценки других параметров личности. Ключевые слова: фенотип, фенотипология, черты лица, особенности тела, черты характера, поведенческая диагностика, профайлинг, агрессивность, импульсивность, педантичность, пассивность. Шимко Віталій Артурович Доктор психологічних наук, професор кафедри психології, ПереяславХмельницький державний педагогічний університет ім. Григорія Сковороди, м. Переяслав-Хмельницький (Україна) ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГІПОТЕЗ ФЕНОТІПОЛОГІІ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТУ ОЦІНКИ ОСОБИСТОСТІ: ВАЛІДИЗАЦІЙНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АНОТАЦІЯ Сучасні темпи трансформації освіти, охорони здоров'я, систем управління бізнесом та інших сфер життєдіяльності вимагають нових підходів, що дозволяють швидко і надійно оцінити особистість. Фенотипологія імовірно є однією з таких теорій, яка поміж іншим стверджує наявність взаємозв'язків між психологічними і психофізичними характеристиками в генетиці поведінки людини, які виявляються на основі індивідуальних особливостей фенотипу. Метою даної статті є виклад результатів перевірки ряду гіпотез фенотипологіі, як можливого інструменту для оцінки особистості. В цілях перевірки наявності зв'язків між фенотиповими ознаками та індивідуальною поведінкою, було проведено валідизаційне дослідження, в якому респондентів було диференційовано відповідно до певних антропометричних (лицьових) особливостей та згідно з відповідними характерологічними поведінковими проявами. Отримані результати було квантифіковано, кількісно оцінено і проаналізовано за допомогою математикостатистичної методології лінійної регресії. Результати проведеного вивчення містять обґрунтування для висновку щодо відсутності статистично значущого взаємозв'язку між дослідженими фенотиповими рисами тіла і такими індивідуально-психологічними характеристиками, як – агресивність, імпульсивність, педантичність, пасивність та ін. А саме, проаналізовано обґрунтованість використання відповідних гіпотез фенотипологіі для побудови прогностичного висновку щодо наявності або відсутності певних рис характеру. Отримані результати не підтверджують можливість прямого використання фенотипологічного підходу з метою достовірної характерологічної діагностики. Разом з тим, результати дослідження є попередніми в зв'язку з певними обмеженнями вибіркової сукупності. Необхідно продовжити перевірку гіпотез фенотипологіі на більш широкій експериментальній вибірці з включенням до неї представників різних етнічних і расових груп. Однак, за відсутністю проведення такого дослідження, ґрунтуючись на отриманих фактичних даних, практичне застосування підходу фенотипологіі вдається сумнівним, принаймні, для цілей діагностики характеру і оцінки інших параметрів особистості. Ключові слова: фенотип, фенотипологія, риси обличчя, особливості тіла, риси характеру, поведінкова діагностика, профайлинг, агресивність, імпульсивність, педантичність, пасивність. Дата отримання статті: 21.04.2020 Дата рекомендації до друку: 26.05.2020 Дата оприлюднення: 28.05.2020 © Vitalii Shymko DOI (Article): https://doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.5.