International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2000-005X Vol. 2 Issue 2, February – 2018, Pages: 25-29 http://www.ijeais.org/ijaar 25 Foliar Application of Amino Acids, Bleed Grape and Seaweed Extract Improve Storability Properties of Fig Fruits Professor Abbas Mohsin Salman AlHameedawi College of Agriculture, University of Kufa . Iraq Abstract: This study was conducted during the growing season of 2016 in a private orchard at AL-Abbasyia, Najaf Governorate on the local fig cv. Aswod Diala . The trees were spraying with amino acids (Amister and Gusto) at concentrations of 500 mg / L each other, Bleed of grape 100% and seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum at concentrations of 4% in single way or in combination at 1April, 1May and 1 June in 2016 . Results showed that spraying trees with amino acids ,bleed grape and seaweed extract treatments and their interactions caused a significant decrease percentage disease of Alternaria tenuis , Alternaria fici, Penicillium expausum, Aspergillus niger , souring , total decay, percentage of weight loss, respiration rate and increase total soluble solids ,vitamin C and fruit firmness after 7 days of the storage compared to control treatment . There was a significant effect between treatments. Treatment of spraying (Am + Gu+ Bg + Bs ) gave a significant effect and the best results for the year of experiment. Keywords: Amino acids, Bleed of grape, Seaweed extract, storage fig cv. Aswod Diala. 1. INTRODUCTION Fig fruits are infected by a number of physiological and bilogical damages, and the foremost damage is fungal decay in the storage or orchards, which its ratio increased due to the increase in periods of storage (AL– Hameedawi , 2010 ) . AL-Eneabi (2008) noticed that, storage fruit local fig cv. Aswod Diala 7 days under 5C 0 temperature and relative humidity 80-85 % increase total soluble solids and decrease the weight loss, respiration rate and percentage of total decay. Amino acids are considered as precursors and constituents of proteins (Rai, 2002), which are important for stimulation of cell growth. They contain both acid and basic groups and act as buffers, which help to maintain favorable pH value within the plant cell (Cerdana, et al., 2009). Amino acids can directly or indirectly influence the physiological activities in plant growth and development such as exogenous application of amino acids have been reported to modulate the growth, yield and biochemical quality of squashes and garlic plants (Hounsome, et al., 2008 , Abd ElAal et al., 2010 and Shiraishi et al., 2010 ). Amino acids are responsible for improving physical and chemical parameters of fruits as well as increasing the productivity of trees ( Mouco, et al,2009) .The spraying with amino acids led to increased leaf containing from growth regulators cytokinines (Cks) , Gibberellins (GA 3 ), Auxins , chemical eliminates and reducing Abscisic acid (ABA) (Talaat, et al,2013). Schemata , et al,(2011) found that spraying strawberry with amino acids and seaweed extract led to increase the fruit quality, fruit firmness and percentage humidity of fruits .Datir, et al(2012) found that , spraying with amino acids has the positive effect in fruits growth and it is quality . Algae extract as a new bio fertilizer containing N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S as well as Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, and Co, some growth regulators, polyamines and vitamins applied to improve nutritional status, vegetative growth in different orchard such as vineyards ( Elham, et al., 2010 ). Subba Rao (2008) noticed the impact of algae extract application to orchard trees was caused a significant increased total soluble solids, vitamin C , and fruit firmness . Al – Hamdawi (2016) found that, spraying trees of fig cv. Aswod Diala with Hletab and Kelpak led to increased, total yield of tree and its quality compared with control treatment . Bondok ,et al.,(2013 ) found that spraying grape trees with extract of alga's ( Acadian , Goemar and BM86 ) at conc. of ( 0.5 , 1 and 2 % ) caused increase in the fruits quality with increase of concentration of extract of alga's. Foliar application of mixture of amino acids and seaweed extract at different growth stages had a positive effect on reproductive growth and berry quality of grapevines. Multiple application of 0.5 mL L-1 mixture of amino acids and seaweed extract at flowering + fruit setting + one month after fruit setting stages is quite effective to improve growth and berry physicochemical quality characteristics of 'Perlette' grapes (EKhan, et al., 2012 ) . The main objective of this investigation is to study of the effect of using amino acids(Amister and Gusto) , Bleed of grape and seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum treatments and their interactions on reducing percentage of fungi disease , total decay, weight loss and improve storability of fruits of fig cv. Aswod that stored 7 days at 5C and 8085 R.H . 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in a private farm at AL-Abbasyia .Najaf governorate for the 2016 season on local fig tree cv. Aswod Diala , 48 trees at same size and growth were selected with 12 years of age , that planted on (5 x 5 m.) , they were spraying with Amister it was mixtures of amino acids ( Arginine ,Tyrosine and Proline) and Gusto it was mixtures of amino acids ( Glutathione , Aspartic acid , Glycine and Lysine ) at concentrations of 500 mg / L each other , Bleed of local grape cv. Sada Batha at concentrations of 100% that containing Fe 40 mg/L , Ca 160 mg/L , P 28 International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2000-005X Vol. 2 Issue 2, February – 2018, Pages: 25-29 http://www.ijeais.org/ijaar 26 mg/L , K157 mg/L total acidity 11.5 mg/L , Mg 22.7 mg/L , Succinct acid 0.130 mg/L ,Malic acid 4.50 mg/L ,Tartaric acid 2.15 mg/L ,Formic acid 0.020 mg/L ,Citric acid 5.63 mg/L ,Na 3.50 mg/L ,Zn 1.9 mg/L ,IAA26 mg/L , GA3 40 mg /L, ,CKs 35 mg/L, olego scoris 95 mg/L, amino acid 7%, organic nitrogen 3%, organic matter 16%, Algonac acid 50%. ( ALSaidi,2000), and Brawn seaweed extract Ascophyllum nodosum that containing (Fe 46-70 mg/L , N 1400 -1800 mg/L , P 1500 -2000 mg/L , Cu 10-15 mg/L potassium 2000-2006 mg/L ,B 30-44 mg/L , Kinetin% 0.06 and organic matter 13% ) at concentrations of 4% in three periods at 1April , 1May and 1 June in 2016. The experiment included 16 treatments with three replicates . It is adopted according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) , and the results were statistically analyzed according to Duncan test at the probability level of 5% (Al-Rawi and Khalf Allah , 2000) . The experiment involved the following 18 treatments : 1Control treatment (sprayed with tap water ) . 2Amister ( Am )as foliar sprays at concentration of 4 % . 3Gusto ( Gu ) as foliar sprays at concentration of 4 % . 4Bleed of grape (Bg ) as foliar sprays at concentration of 100% . 5Brawn seaweed extract ( Bs)as foliar sprays at concentration of 4 % . 6Am + Gu . 7Am + Bg . 8Am + Bs . 9Gu + Bg . 10Gu + Bs . 11Bg + Bs . 12Gu + Bg + Bs . 13Am + Gu %+Bg . 14Am+ Bg +Bs . 15Am + Gu+ Bs. 16Am + Gu+ Bg + Bs . Trees spraying was done early morning until wetness was full addendum. Tween 20 was added at conc. of 1cm 3 /L as spreader material . In 16-7 -2016 harvested 96 Kg fruits similar in size and color without dieses and mechanical injures from trees of experiment . Fruits were divided into 18 treatments weight 6 Kg for each treatment. The fruits of each previous treatments were divided into 3 replicates and each part weight was 2 Kg . These parts were placed in polyethylene bags with 22 holes for each bags and the diameter of the hole were 0.5 cm . The fruits were stored under 5C 0 temperature and relative humidity 80-85 % for 7 days starting in 16 / 7 /2016 . The design for this treatment was similar to that of the field experiment . In 23 / 7 /2016 fruits were taken out and traits were measured . The percentage disease of Alternaria tenuis , Alternaria fici, Penicillium expausum, Aspergillus niger , Souring , total decay and percentage of weight loss according to (Lisa and Kader 2003). Acidity percentage , Vitamin C mg /100 ml Juice , according to ( A.O.A.C , 1985 ) . The percentage of total soluble solids were determined by hand refract meter. .Firmness Kg/cm 2 was measured on two sides of each fruit with an Effegi penetro meter (Model NI , McCormick Fruit Tech ,Yakima ,WA) Fitted with an 0.5 cm tip. Respiration rate mg CO2 / Kg /hr according to ( Ibrahim , 2010 ). 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1The percentage disease of Alternaria tenuis , Alternaria fici, Penicillium expausum, Aspergillus niger , Souring , and total decay . Data in Table ( 1 ) shows that, spraying trees with amino acids(Amister and Gusto) , Bleed of grape and seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum in single way or in combination led to decreased in the percentage disease of Alternaria tenuis , Alternaria fici, Penicillium expausum, Aspergillus niger , Souring , and total decay significantly compared to control treatment , The treatment ( Am + Gu+ Bg + Bs ) gave the lowest values in percentage disease and total decay they were ( 0.64 , 0.41 ,0.72 , 1.09 , 1.75 and 4.61 ) in comparison to the highest rates ( 1.80 , 1.70 ,1.62 , 1.91 , 3.75 and 10.78 ) in control treatment in the end of storage. The decrease in different type of fungi decay and total decay in fruits as a result of spraying trees with amino acids , Bleed of grape and seaweed led to its role in making new balance in fruits and around between O2 , CO2 and ethylene and reduced respiration rat of fruits which leads to decrease the percentage of decays . Cohen (2002) mentioned that , the amino acids protected fruits from some biological dieses are which caused by fungi and Bacteria . 2-Weight loss percentage. Data in Table ( 2 ) shows that , spraying trees of local fig cv. Aswod Diala with amino acids , Bleed of grape and seaweed led to significantly decreased the percentage of weight loss after 7 days of storage that gave the lowest percentage 2.59% in the treatment ( Am + Gu+ Bg + Bs ) in comparison to the highest percentage 5.75% in the control treatment .The reason of decreasing the percentage of weight loss of fruits lead to influence these materials in some physiological changes in the fruit peel .This process leads to increase the poly amines which it used to enhance the stability of cell membranes .The poly amines are in content to nucleic acids in structure of membranes and this leads to make the peel thick and firmness and decrease the moisture loss .The result is decreasing the rate of respiration which decrease the loss in weight ( Jundi , 2003 ). 3Acidity, total soluble solids, Vitamin C and firmness. Data in Table ( 2 ) shows that percentage of acidity, total soluble solids , Vitamin C, and firmness in fruits were increased significantly when trees sprayed with amino acids , International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2000-005X Vol. 2 Issue 2, February – 2018, Pages: 25-29 http://www.ijeais.org/ijaar 27 Bleed of grape and seaweed in single way or combination , while the rate of respiration was decreased in the all treatments compared to control treatment . The highest significance result were recorded in treatment ( Am + Gu+ Bg + Bs ) , that gave the highest percentages of percentage of acidity, total soluble solids , Vitamin C, and firmness , they were (0.327 % ,17.51%, 8.78 mg / 100 ml Juice and 0.379 Kg/cm 2 ) comparison with lest rates of percentages (0.240 % ,16.02%, 7.51 mg / 100 ml Juice and 0.302 Kg/cm 2 ) in the control treatment respectively at the end of storage. The increase in chemical companied of fruit juice because of fruits treated with such materials led to decreasing the loss in weight , increase in firmness peel of fruits and reduction the respiration rate (Hounsome ,et.al, 2008 ) .Increasing fruits from total soluble solids, Vitamin C and firmness of fruits which results through spraying amino acids , Bleed of grape and seaweed due to the fact that this compound increase vegetative growth and thus encourages the accumulation of carbohydrate materials in fruits leading to increased content of these materials ( Ferguson et. al, 1999) . 4Rate of respiration of fig fruits. Concerning the results in Table (2) , rate of respiration of fig fruits were significantly affected by all treatments . It is cleared that spraying amino acids, Bleed of grape and seaweed in single way or in combination to the fig trees decreased compared with control treatment. In addition, spraying this material in combination gave the lowest parameters it was (15.55 mg CO2 / Kg /hr ) . On the other hand, the fruits of untreated trees gave the highest value (39.60 rate mg CO2 / Kg /hr ). Using seaweed extract, amino acids and their combination caused increase in epidermis and cortex thickness of fruits and this reusing led to decreasing rate of respiration of fruits (AL-Zubaidy, 2015). 4. CONCLUSION Foliar application of mixture of amino acids , Bleed of grape and seaweed extract at 1April , 1May and 1 June , had a positive effect to decreased in the percentage disease of Alternaria tenuis , Alternaria fici, Penicillium expausum, Aspergillus niger , Souring , total decay , percentage of weight loss, respiration rate and increase total soluble solids ,vitamin C and fruit firmness in the fruits of fig trees cv. Aswod Diala after 7 days of the storage compared to control treatment Table 1. Effect of spraying with amino acids ,bleed grape and seaweed extract on percentage disease and total decay of fig fruits cv. Asowd Diala after 7 days from storage at 5 C0 and 80-85% R.H. for season 2016 . % Total Decay Souring Aspergill us niger Penicilliu m expausum Alternari a fici Alternari a tenus Treatments 10.78 a 3.75 a 1.91a 1.62a 1.70 a 1.80 a Control 10.44 b 3.73a 1.79 b 1.54 ab 1.63 ab 1.75 b Amister 4% 10.36 bc 3.68ab 1.80 b 1.50 ab 1.66 ab 1.72 b Gusto 4% 9.10 c 3.40 bc 1.52 ce 1.41 bc 1.32 bc 1.45 c Bleed of grape 100% 9.58 b 3.66 ab 1.57 c 1.47 bc 1.47 bc 1.41 ce Brawn seaweed extract 4% 9.28 c 3.52 bc 1.60 c 1.30 ce 1.35 ab 1.33 ef Am + Gu 8.63 cd 3.25 d 1.48 bc 1.25 d 1.29 abc 1.36 e Am + Bg 9.98 d 3.44 bc 1.51 cd 1.27 cde 1.22 de 1.27 de Am + Bs 8.24 e 3.15de 1.42 cde 1.19 cd 1.18 abc 1.30 de Gu + Bg 8.19 ef 2.97e 1.46 cd 1.22 cde 1.29 bcd 1.25 f Gu + Bs 8.02 f 2.69ef 1.42 cde 1.30 cde 1.14 de 1.20 f Bg +Bs 6.96 g 2.43efg 1.29 def 1.12 de 1.01 ef 1.11fg Gu + Bg + Bs 6.65g 2.27f gh 1.34 cdef 1.07 ef 1.05 ef 0.92 fg Am + Gu +Bg 6.27h 2.12 gh 1.23 efg 0.93 fg 0.94 fg 1.05g Am +Bg +Bs 5.57 i 1.89 hi 1.19 fg 0.88 gh 0.78 g 0.83gh Am + Gu +Bs 4.61 j 1.75 j 1.09 h 0.72 hi 0.41 h 0.64 i Am + Gu +Bg + Bs Table 2 . Effect of spraying with amino acids ,bleed grape and seaweed extract on physical and chemical parameters of fig fruits cv. Asowd Diala after 7 days from storage at 5 C0 and 80-85% R.H. for season 2016 . International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2000-005X Vol. 2 Issue 2, February – 2018, Pages: 25-29 http://www.ijeais.org/ijaar 28 Respiration rate mgCO2 / Kg /hr Fruit firmness Kg/cm 2 Vitamin C mg / 100 ml Juice %T.S.S %Acidity % weigh loss Treatments 39.60a 0.302 i 7.51 jk 16.02 j 0.240 b 5.75 a Control 36.79b 0.320fgh 7.84 hij 16.18 hi 0.261a 5.52 ab Amister 4% 35.10 bc 0.325 efgh 7.80 ghij 16.23ghi 0.269 5.40 abc Gusto 4% 34.18 cd 0.327 efg 7.96 hij 16.40 efg 0.277 cd 5.23 abc Bleed of grape 100% 36.46 b 0.323efgh 7.89 ghi 16.29gh 0.265 cd 5.31 abc Brawn seaweed extract 4% 32.26 de 0.330 defg 8.17 fgh 16.48 fg 0.281d 4.99 bcd Am + Gu 31.51 ef 0.334 cde 8.34 cdef 61.63 def 0.289 cd 4.83 cde Am + Bg 32.24 def 0.332 def 8.22 fg 16.57 ef 0.285 de 4.55 def Am + Bs 30.84 efg 0.338cd 8.27 efg 16.54ef 0.293 de 2.39 def Gu + Bg 30.43 efg 0.335cde 8.37cdef 16.50 ef 0.289 cd 4.26 efg Gu + Bs 29.70 fgh 0.339cd 8.45 cde 16.84 cd 0.296cd 4.10 fgh Bg +Bs 25.97 ghik 0.346cd 8.53 bcd 17.19 bc 0.305bc 3.70 ghi Gu + Bg + Bs 23.37 ikj 0.341cd 8.64 bc 17.07 bc 0.307 ab 3.55 hi Am + Gu +Bg 26.97ghi 0.355bc 8.70ab 17.28 b 0.312 bc 3.12 ij Am +Bg +Bs 21.43 jl 0.361bc 8.67ab 17.33 b 0.316ab 2.91 j Am + Gu +Bs 15.55 m 0.379 a 8.78 a 17.51 a 0.327 a 2.59 k Am + Gu +Bg + Bs REFERENCES [1] AL-Eneabi, R.M. 2008 . 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