Mind an hourglass at the bed of time-space continuum Reza Assadi MD, HSCR, MPH Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Reza_Asady@yahoo.com Abstract In this paper a new model of mind is proposed, to do so, at first it was assumed that our physical world a new structure and the mind defined in this context. In this model, the planets are massive curvature of time-space continuum that has made a trapping physical reality that we are located within. Then the mind is defined as an hourglass structure with half bulb within the physical reality and half out of it. This model with attention to figures perhaps might be able to explain some mental states and disorders. Keywords: time-space continuum, mind, consciousness, unconsciousness Accompanying publication of DSM-5, David Kupfer, one of developers of it quoted: "We've been telling patients for several decades that we are waiting for biomarkers. We're still waiting." This is an astonishing admission that still there are no reliable genetic or neurological measurements that distinguish a person with mental illness. (1) While there is some evidence that the electro-chemistry of distressed people can be different from the undistressed, and the Human Genome Project seems to be proving that genes play almost no part in causing this (1). Eleven years of careful study of our DNA demonstrate that differences in it do not explain mental illness, hardly at all. If one sibling is depressed and another is not, at most, differences in DNA can only explain 1-5% of why it is one and not the other. This is beside many manifestations of the mind that while experienced widely, almost still are called paranormal. These manifestations are likewise telepathy, real dreams, out of body experiences and etc. Of course, some researchers maintain that, given more time and money, they will come up with significant results. But by now, almost all molecular geneticists confess that it seems differences in DNA will explain very little. On the other hand some studies are showing weak evidences of presentation of some para-normal mental activities (2). So now this question comes to mind that do we need to change the way we are thinking about mind model? In this papèr I attempted to mix-up the quantum and last mind theories to explain a new model for mind that perhaps a better reply for some of questions in this field. Hourglass mind Einstein introduced the notion of space-time continuum and called the gravity, the effect of large mass on bending this structure. (3) This theory is already accepted and base of many physical, philosophical and natural laws. But this theory that assumes the four dimensional structure lack to reply to some challenges and so more dimensions are introduced in physics and this limitation is also extended to for explanations of intellectual and mind theories.(2) The physical world a curvature within the reality If we imagine the universe consisted of a reality with much more than four understandable and sensible dimensions, then the physical world can be assumed as a result of an extensive curvature has been happened in of space-time continuum to form our known physical reality as formed other planets and stars. This can be imagined as putting a ball on piece of cloth and then rotating the cloth round to trap the ball (Figure 1). This assumption can be completed by calling this curvature cause of trapping of the mass and energy inside our universe in the certain locations and cause of developing of the physical reality as we experience. So these huge areas of concentration of mass-energy as our planet have caused accumulation of the mass-energy equivalence to become observable, sensible and biologically livable. However, our neurologic perception just understands the four dimensions that are visible and sensible. But what would be the benefit of this assumption and what is the benefit of such assumption and for what questions, this new model of reality might provide better replies for. As mentioned above not just mental disorders, are likely to be not physically explainable, there are many paranormal phenomena in neuroscience and psychology that are not understandable by the current models of the mind and conscience that by below model it is attempted to answer to them. Some of these phenomena includes hypnosis, real dreams, telepathy, out of body experiences and some others that some are classified as accepted mental activities with unknown mechanism and some others are categorized as paranormal ones but commonly reported and scientific evidences even has published about them although weak and still not persuasive.(3) And also meriting this idea that near experiences, while are considered by some studies, manifestation of a dying brain, also there are hypotheses of movement of the consciousness to a higher identity (4) As shown in figure 1 if we assume the physical world as a Gamma shape created by curvature of the time-space continuum to shape the physical world and then within this curvature a massive compression and entanglement of the four dimensions of this continuum has created our planet and the others as like as stars and galaxies. With this assumption about the reality and physical world we can draw a new model of the mind and body dualism or connection. An hourglass mind In this model the mind can be assumed as a sand hour structure, half within the closed section of the mentioned Gamma structure of physical reality and the other bulb out of it. As shown in figure 2. This model is to assume that the button section of this structure of the mind is the consciousness or part of mind that we are aware of it and interact with the physical world. This section is connected to another bulb-shape structure that is located in the non-physical world or out of space-time continuum or within an unknown multi-dimensional reality. It is assumed that this section is that part of the mind containing the un-consciousness or non-physical component of the mind. These two parts are interconnected and related via a narrow tunnel like structure here I call it the "junction". In this model the "mental state" is assumed as the sand within a sand watch that always fill just some part of it. The location and also the size of this filled space within this sand watch structure constitute the mental state of us that vary at every moment. The location of this sand-like feature of our mental state is so called "mental capacity" in rest of this paper. Basically this sand tends to move to the upper bulb or unconsciousness, and just the neuronal activity of the brain that provide enough energy to keep it at the lower bulb. Generally it shifts upward or downward based on various mental states, for example in asleep it moves upward and in awakening downward. This might decrease, increase or modified in certain pathologic conditions, mental exercises and drug abuse, respectively (See figure 3 for some examples). The advantage of this model is that it can explain some challenges remained unclear about the mental phenomena. Our conscious state is unique once at a time that with a certain placement in the sand watch and so in this model this principle is respected. When we are reading a book we are almost conscious while we are unaware of our unconsciousness and what is restoring in our unconsciousness. When we go to bed, while we are going to sleep our consciousness level decreases or here we can say the mental capacity gradually moves from lower section to the upper one. But this upward shift is as much as some amount of sand remains in the lower section and this the reason that a loud sound or painful stimuli makes us awake. In coma state this amount is as less as it does not easily returning to consciousness. It seems this is the condition the brain biologically is incapable or strong enough to do so. And so it seems that the mental capacity is tended to move upward and just the energy or force of the brain activity pull it down. So, death would be defined as total shift of the capacity upward and with enclosed junction that prohibiting the return. By this model non temporal properties of the mind, including the real dreams, telepathy, precognition or retrocognition, can be explainable by accepting the supra-time-space section of the mind. (5) So it can explain the dreaming, extra temporal ability, sense of future and the reason of lack of remembrance of many events except in certain mental states and remembering them in other states for example during hypnosis, dreaming or recovery from anesthesia. The upper section is consisted of unconsciousness, forgotten memories and higher level of identity. Movement of all mental capacity upward without ability to return due to biological death of the brain leads to legal or physical death. It is assumed that the ethical, moral or so called superego property of the mind mostly exists in the upper section and in lack of presence of the mental capacity in the upper section some pathologic manifestations happen in a man. It means that various psychological disorders take part as a problem when the amount of mental capacity in the upper bulb is absent or there is a problem in the interbulbar junction. For example the schizophrenia is considered as separation of the patient from the reality, morality, learned norms or what can be called it narrowing of the junction and hard movement of the mental capacity between two sections, what the medicines enhance it. If the junction be too closed severe schizophrenia take part that the patient is completely retracted from the reality and morality and is trapped in own hallucinations and perceptions without any moral and supreme understanding or to other words is a biologic human without understanding the reality and own unconsciousness. By this model the hypnosis can be explainable manifestation of making the junction of one (Persons under hypnosis) disable and then connecting unconsciousness of the hypnotist to the consciousness of the hypnotized individual and this led to the lack of sensation of pain, become aware of unconsciousness and other manifestations commonly observed in hypnosis. This model is very primary and need more evaluation by the neuroscientists, physists, mind philosophers and psychologists to see how much it is responsive to the questions in this case and how it can be improved. References: 1. David Kupfer, MD, Chair of DSM-5 Task Force Discusses Future of Mental Health Research. May 3 , 2013 Release No. 1333 available online at url: http://www.madinamerica.com/,,,/Statement-from-dsm-chair-david-kupfer-md.pdf 2. Daryl J. Bem. Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100, 407-425. 3. Alpher, R. A.; Herman, R. C. (1948), "Evolution of the universe", Nature 162 (4124): 774–775, Bibcode:1948Natur.162..774A, doi:10.1038/162774b0 4. van Lommel P. Near-death experiences: the experience of the self as real and not as an illusion. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Oct;1234:19-28. doi: 10.1111/j.17496632.2011.06080.x. 5. Gracely, Ph.D., Ed J. (1998). "Why Extraordinary Claims Demand Extraordinary Proof". PhACT. Retrieved 2007-07-31. Figure 1. The massive entanglement of space-time continuum is led to presence of the physical reality Figure 2. the parts and subparts of the mind within the space-time curvature shaping a hourglass structur. \ Figure 3. The various mental states of man, based on hourglass theory. The red shapes show the mental state in various conditions: A: Fully awake, B: Asleep, C: Schizophrenia, D: Death