International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2000-005X Vol. 3 Issue 4, April – 2019, Pages: 36-37 http://www.ijeais.org/ijaar 36 Geoecological Problems and Development Methods in the Region of Uzbekistan Matsaidova Sayyora Khudayberganova, Aminov Bekhzod Bakhrom ugli Urgench State University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Geodesy, cartography, cadastre, geography, Urgench, Uzbekistan. E-mail address: goodluck_0714@mail.ru Abstract: The article describes the pollution of the environment, the reduction of irrigated lands, and the environmental problems and their solutions under the influence of anthropogenic factors in the territory of Uzbekistan. Keywords: Anthropogenic factor, industrial, natural and climatic conditions, desert, spreads. 1. INTRODUCTION For the past 20-25 years, production capacities have grown rapidly in Uzbekistan due to the development of new land, exploration of gold deposits, creation of a strong energy base, as well as favorable natural and climatic conditions and high labor costs. Nowadays, Uzbekistan has vastly grown in machine-building, metallurgy, non-ferrous metallurgy, energy, chemical, construction materials, gas and oil refining, light and food and other industries[1]. A number of geo-ecological problems have arisen in nature due to the expanding and distribution of production forces as a result of the rapid introduction of scienceengineering achievements. More and more natural resources are rising annually for the national economy. As a result, various unpleasant processes and events are happening in a blink of an eye. Because the ecological balance, which has been stable over the millennium, is in some areas of disruption, in some areas, the interaction between nature and society is gradually deepening and various geo-ecological problems are being detected. Unless the timely elimination of various geo-ecological problems found and formulated, it can lead to an ecological catastrophe. Therefore, it is crucial to take appropriate measures to prevent them at the right time. This can be done primarily through scientific research, which has scientifically sound and profound research results. 2. DISCUSSION It is well known that the healthy life style of human being and its composition is directly related to the level of purity. Specific pollution of the atmospheric air causes a person to suffer from various ailments. Although various emissions from the atmosphere in Uzbekistan are on the verge of decline compared to the mid-1980s, they are still high. In 1985, the total emissions dropped to 4.2 million tons in 2016, and this figure dropped to 1.8 million tons. In this respect, emissions from industrial enterprises decreased from 1.5 million to 0.9 million tons, and pollutants from vehicles decreased from 2.7 to 1.4 million tons. Less release of waste caused the installation of gas and dust from different designs and installation of detergents and increase of efficiency of existing ones. Atmospheric air pollution in Uzbekistan accounts for larger industries. However, the territorial location of industrial centers, the mountainous plains and mountain valleys with different natural conditions, have a great impact. There are regions of the northeastern wind zone in Chirchik valley, called Chirchik-Tashkent-Yangiyul, in Akhangaran Valley Angren-Ahangaran-NurabadAlmalyk-Boka, in Fergana Valley Namangan-Andijan-FerghanaKhujandBekabad , in Surkhandarya Valley TursunzodaDenovJarko . These areas are very much damaged by waste. In the Fergana valley, pollution on the city of Namangan is much smaller, because the wind drives them to Andijan-FerganaKokand direction. In our opinion, this is a reason for the relatively low air pollution in Andijan and Fergana. At present, the state of the irrigated land in Uzbekistan is slightly changing as well as environmental pollution [2]. The total area of irrigated land in Uzbekistan is over 4.2 million ha. The valleys of the Chalachul and desert regions are mainly located in the springs of rivers, in the terraces and delta of the rivers. The development of oblong farming in the surrounding areas has a long history, while the issue of adequate supply of vegetables, livestock, and the importance of the problem is remarkably increased [3]. Including Total Irrigated areas Unsalty places Total For instance No The names of the areas Area Salty area Less salty Medium salty Much saltier International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2000-005X Vol. 3 Issue 4, April – 2019, Pages: 36-37 http://www.ijeais.org/ijaar 37 Thousand hectar % Thousandhectar % Thousand hectar % Thousand hectar % Thousand hectar % 1 The republic of Karakalpakistan 508,6 125,5 25 383,1 75 152,2 30 189,6 37 41,3 8 2 Аndijan 265,9 258,3 97 7,6 3 3,2 1 4,4 2 0 3 Bukhara 274,9 38,6 14 236,3 86 170,7 62 59,1 21 6,5 2 4 Jizzakh 300,4 67,2 22 233,2 78 150,9 50 76,9 26 5,4 2 5 Kashkadayra 514,9 284,4 55 230,5 45 175,6 34 43,6 8 11,4 2 б Navaiy 123,0 22,5 18 100,5 82 87,8 71 11,9 10 0,8 1 7 Namangan 282,3 258,9 92 23,4 8 16,5 6 6,2 2 0,7 0 8 Samarkand 379,5 374,9 99 4,6 1 4,3 1 0,3 0 0 9 Surkhandarya 325,7 227,0 70 98,7 30 69,6 21 28,1 9 1,0 0 10 Syrdarya 287,8 7,1 2 280,7 98 230,2 80 45,9 16 4,6 2 11 Tashkent 398,4 387,7 97 10,7 3 8,9 2 1.7 0 0,0 0 12 Ferghana 362,7 237,5 65 125,2 35 102,5 28 20,8 6 1,9 1 13 Khorezm 265,4 0 265,4 100 152,2 57 81,3 31 31,9 12 Total: 4 289,6 2 289,6 53 2000,0 46,6 1324,6 30,9 569,9 13,3 105,5 2,5 (Information of the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management) 2015 The Republic is a very complicated issue in the pre-and halfhydromorphic melioration conditions to improve the reclamation status of saline lands. That is why about half of the country's total irrigated land is saline at different levels. In particular, the salinity of Karakalpakstan, Khorezm, Bukhara, Kashkadarya provinces, and Central Fergana is poor (Table 1). According to the soil scientists (Artikov, 2002, Kuziev, 2002), the amount of substances extracted from irrigated soils by cultivated plants is higher than that of the soil. Therefore, in all irrigated soils humus has dropped by 40-50% over the next 70-80 years. Reduction of humus contributes to the poverty of the soil, resistance to water and wind erosion. 3. RESULT In conclusion, it can be pointed out that most of the causes of occurrence of geo-ecological problems occurring in today's Uzbekistan occur under the influence of anthropogenic factors, as the fertile lands due to irrigated lands are gradually slowed down exit conditions. In order to avoid such problems, it is advisable to use the agro-technical means which are necessary for the development of land, to use the intensive way to properly plan the irrigation. to prevent pollution of the environment, it is desirable to introduce waste production and transfer industrial enterprises to areas where the population is free of densities. introduction of waste recycling technologies from industrial enterprises. It is necessary to reduce the amount of various chemicals used in agriculture. REFERENCES: [1] A. Rafikov, "Geoecological problems" Tashkent. "Teacher" -1997 [2] A.Rakhmatullayev, Thesis on "Optimization of Ecological Situation in the Mediterranean and Lower Zarafshan Wach Geosystems". Tashkent -2018. [3] Sh.Holikov, P.Uzakov, I.Boboxjueva "Soil Science" Tashkent 2011.