International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2000-005X Vol. 3 Issue 4, April – 2019, Pages: 32-35 http://www.ijeais.org/ijaar 32 Mountain and Mountain Tourism in Uzbekistan: Potential and Development Factors Abduhalikov Kalmakhan Abdumalik ugli Department of Geography and methods of teaching it, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail address: kalmaxan_geo@mail.ru Abstract: This article presents the beautiful nature of Uzbekistan, the unique historical monuments of oriental architecture, the features of geographical location of many tourists, as well as one of the areas that occupies special place in the development of world countries, the sphere of tourism. Also, one of the regions of Parkent district, which has huge tourist and recreational potential, is covered by mountain landscape-ecological conditions and tourist potential of natural geographical processes. As result of the reforms carried out in our country, great practical work is being reflected in various spheres of the economy – agriculture, transport, tourism, as well as social spheres – health, sports, the education system. Uzbekistan has been one of the foci of world culture since ancient times. It is from this land that many scholars, scientists, the great wanderings have grown, that our country is the land of the great saint the ancients, such ancestors enjoy the feeling of pride in the hearts that people are honored to live in the soil where they are born and created. Keywords: Tourism, ecotourism, geographical process, rivers, shadows, waterfalls 1. INTRODUCTION In all regions of Uzbekistan, there are huge opportunities for the development of ecotourism, even in the desert and the guides of the charming river valleys, mountains, vast areas. In recent years, tourism is one of the fastestgrowing sectors in the world economy. Tourism has evolved unparalleled in the next 60 years. During the second half of the twentieth century, the number of international tourists increased by 20 times. In 1950, 50 million people participated in international tourism, while in 2013 this figure amounted to 1 billion 87 million people. The most abundant tourist flow was concentrated on the European continent. In 2013, Kohna traveled 565 million people to the continent. In 2013, on tourism, the first city of Asia, which left behind the city of London, became Bangkok. The capital of Thailand was visited by 15,98 million tourists at the same time of the year. And this brought the economy of Thailand a profit of 14,4 billion US dollars. According to the data of the World Tourism Organization (WTO), the number of international tourists in the year 2030 is estimated to reach 1,8 billion people, the income received through international tourism in 2020 is estimated to reach 2 trillion US dollars[12]. Among the developed countries of the world (Canada, USA, China, Italy), the riveting countries (Kenya, Ecuador, Costa Rica, Nepal) are also receiving huge profits from ecotourism, which is considered a large network of tourism. And in some mamalakat (Thailand, Malazia, Maldives) it is also the same fact that this network was formed as the main link of the economy[3-4]. According to the information of uzbektourism, 1 million 977 thousand tourists came to Uzbekistan in 2013. Currently, 865 tourist firms are operating in Uzbekistan. The main part of the tourist potential of Uzbekistan is identified more than 4 000 large small historical monuments. 11 cities in our country are recognized as world-class tourist cities. As information it should be noted, our republic is among the first ten countries of the world in terms of the number of places that tourists will see, as well as the demand for them. Today, only 150 of them have the opportunity to receive tourists to the strip[5-6]. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The signing of a number of decrees and resolutions on the development of tourism in Uzbekistan, as well the wide introduction into practice, indicates that the countries tourism potential is high and the development of research on tourism is important. It is known that Uzbekistan also has huge recreational resources. The peculiarities of the recreational potential of Uzbekistan are that the country has all the manifestations of relief forms in nature. There are enough conditions for the development of Mountain, Sports, ecotourism in regions such as Fergana valley, Parkent, Boystonlik, Zamin, Urgut, Book, Boysun. The recovery of health of more than 300 inhabitants of the republic is using the 121 tape of curative mineral underground waters to the property[7]. The above-mentioned ecotouristic resistors determine how high the ecotouristic potential of mountain valley landscapes is. The use of these opportunities plays an important role in the growth of the country's economy. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. M. Mirziyayev on May 3, 2017 (PF 5032 the name) was determined by the establishment of Free Economic Zones "Nukus farm", "Zamin farm", "Boysun farm", "Bustle farm", "Parkent farm") according to the decree. This in turn is directly related to ecotourism. Awakening the interest of tourists to International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2000-005X Vol. 3 Issue 4, April – 2019, Pages: 32-35 http://www.ijeais.org/ijaar 33 these regions and the development of ecotouristic infrastructures is one of the important tables. Like all fields in our country, which is rapidly developing today, much attention is paid to tourism. In the strategy of action in the five priority direction of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017 – 2021, highlighted in the membered "rapid development of Tourism indurstriai, increasing the role and share of unung in the economy, diversification and quality of tourist services, expansion of tourism infrastructure". Now many types of tourism are gaining popularity. One of the most important of them is ecotourism. Ecotourism (or ecological tourism) is a journey that is made to a natural environment with the aim of getting acquainted with the natural and cultural – ethnogeographic characteristics of a territory. Ecotourism gradually began to enter the world tourism front from the end of the last century. The mountains of Uzbekistan are characterized by seasonal alternation of organic resources (especially plants). For example: in the spring, the mountain, the mountain, the slopes, covered with ephemeres, acquires a special charm, the image of the mountain valley in the autumn changes with the leaf throw of the dav-tree. Also in the spring, birds can meet animals, such as the snow bar, Lynx, the Tiangshan brown bear – a small number of ethalons of wild nature in the 2200 m high parts of the mountains, if the movement of various mammals is activated [8]. Rivers, shadows, waterfalls, mountain lakes, hundreds of springs (which are also significant in their healing along with the charisma of many of them) have formed a beautiful landscape, harmonizing with the glacial landscape of the mountain. The ecotouristic resusses shown according to the above fictions determine how high the ecotouristic potential of mountain valley landscapes is. The use of these opportunities plays an important role in the growth of the country's economy[9-10]. 3. DISCUSSION In accordance with the resolution No 3142 of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on measures for further improvement of the administrative and territorial structure of the Tashkent region and activities of local executive bodies" dated 20 July 2017, the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "on the organization of activities of the Department for the development of tourism under the Tashkent region In the organizational structure of this Department, special departments are organized for the development of Bostonlikh, Ohangaron and Parkent mountain tourist clusters in the Tashkent region. In these clusters, a separate "section for the organization, registration and accounting of guest houses" and "Training and introduction of standards for the provision of services to tourists in guest houses" are also included in the organizational structure in order to organize the tourist settlements and increase the incomes of the population[11-12]. In accordance with this decision, the Department is assigned the following tasks: Ensuring the implementation of a holistic concept of Tourism Development aimed at radically improving the tourism potential of the Tashkent region; Implementation of marketing researches of foreign and domestic markets of tourism services, implementation of active advertising policy in the field of Tourism aimed at the wide promotion of historical and cultural heritage, preservation and development of tourist image of the Tashkent region, rapid orientation of tourism products and brands of the Tashkent region to international tourist markets; It is also aimed at attracting loans and grants from international financial institutions and other organizations, as well as organizing modern tourist infrastructure in accordance with international standards; In accordance with the established norms and rules, interaction with the bodies of support and maintenance of the sanitary condition of tourist infrastructure facilities, improvement of protection of objects of cultural heritage, have been determined[13]. One of the regions of Uzbekistan with great tourist and recreational potential is Parkent district. This district is located 48 km east of the city of Tashkent, on the western slopes of the Chotkhol mountain ranges of West Tianshan. Parkent district is distinguished by its colorfulness of its natural conditions, amazing mountain nature, musaffo air, healing mineral springs, sacred shrines. Parkent district of Tashkent region district. It was founded in September 1926. The length of the border is 206,3 km. In the North, east and south, it borders with Bostonlikh, Ohangaron, Chirchik from the West and the Middle Chirchik districts from the southwest. The area is 1,08 thousand km 2 . The population is 149,4 thousand people (01.01.2017 y). The district territory is surrounded by mountains. The surface of the Earth rises from West to East. The highest place is – 3627,8 m (peak of Kyzylnura). The relief consists of a mountainous plain, adir and mountains. The climate of the taiga and the taiga is characteristic, relatively continental. On the slopes of the mountain there are caves. A lot of Soy and springs. The left tributaries of the Chirchik river are: the main water sources of Parkentsoy, Headkyzylsoy and Elder Parkent district. At the place of their beginning there are waterfalls[14-16]. 4. RESULT On the territory of Parkent district there is a complex "Sun", Material Science Institute, Magnetosphere Observatory of the Seismological Institute, an experimental base of the scientific Production Association "Nevich" Universe", watershed hydromeliorative station, mountain Forestry , Chotkhol Biosphere reserve. Parkent district is also famous for its recreational facilities. There are seasonal and permanent holiday homes, more than 10 children's summer camps and chorboats of several enterprises, such as "Slush", "Silkon", "Sumcha", "Kyzylsoy". Holiday homes serve International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2000-005X Vol. 3 Issue 4, April – 2019, Pages: 32-35 http://www.ijeais.org/ijaar 34 more than 10 thousand people from regions and abroad throughout the year. In order to develop tourism in Parkent district, the government of Uzbekistan adopted "Parkent district tourism Development program in 2017". More than 40 infrastructures, marketing and organizational projects are included in the program. Among them are the development of tourist infrastructures, diversification of the tourist service of the district, construction of new hotels, urban areas of public catering and reconstruction of existing ones, training and professional development of specialist personnel in the tourism sector. Parkent districts uniqueness lies in the fact that agroclimical possibilities are known to all. As the main factors that determine the opportunities for the development of tourism in the district, it is appropriate to indicate the following: Natural geographical features of the district (geographical location, natural conditions, relief, climate, waters of the pantry); Ancient shrines; The values and memes of the peoples living in the district, which are passed down from generation to generation. Currently, large number of tourists visit So'khakh and Silvered historical monuments and places of pilgrimage. In other regions of the district there are also pilgrims, monuments of nature, which can attract tourists. To such areas it is possible to include healing natural dwellings, recreation zones, mineral springs, caves and so on. For example, on the territory of the district there are "Hotbulak healing reinforcements", "Silverware sports" health resorts, "Sumcha holiday home", "So'khokh holiday home", "Universe Space" Childrens and family recreation centers. Khazrati Ali bobo in sterling Silver, Zarkent and Nevich villages have pilgrims, So'khokh, Champagne, Hisorak, Changi, Sumcha, wonderful natural dwellings in the Bustan villages, perennial trees and chinars, waterfalls can be brought as ecoturistic resources. 5. CONCLUSION Now it is expected that the district will develop new tourist routes along nature and historical and cultural objects. It is planned to launch a whole tourist complex consisting of objects of rural tourism and craft workshops. In addition, opportunities for the formation of tourist routes are also being studied at the Chotkhol reserve. In order to promote the tourist potential of Parkent district in foreign markets, the district tourism brand is being developed. Proceeding from the above points, people can say that in the district there are many kinds of tourism, including ecotourism, gastroturism, pilgrimage tourism, the possibilities of developing exotic (adventure) tourism are great. In the case of natural conditions of the district, it is necessary to establish intensive vineyards, as well as to establish directions of ecotourism through the formation of anthropogenic landscape, as well as the development of winemaking industry, such as developed countries (France, Spain, Italy). The conclusion is that for the development of Parkent mountain tourist clusters it is necessary to organize special sections. In these clusters, in order to organize the tourist settlements and increase the incomes of the population, it is desirable to implement a separate "department for the organization, registration and accounting of guest houses" and "training and implementation of standards for the provision of services to tourists in guest houses". In this regard, the development of the Parkent district tourism map is one of the big tasks ahead of me. The identification and implementation of the most priority areas in agrotourism in the district is of great importance in the conditions of the market economy. To do this, it is necessary to create a system of providing additional services at the level of interests and requirements of international tourists. Preparation of projects for foreign investment in the production of new tourist services and products, development of advertising programs in the world tourism market is important. 6. REFERENCES: [1]. Allayorov R.X., Khidirov M. Sh., Abduhalikov K.A. Ecology of mountain landscape of Uzbekistan / / International Scientific River of the Problems and Prospects of Modern Science and Education. XLIV International scientific and practical conference. Boston, USA, April 25, 2018. [2]. Allayorov R.X., Ibroimov sh.I., Boribekov M.F, ecotouristic opportunities and their use of the mountain valleys of Uzbekistan // problems in geography and geography education. 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