Martin A. M. Gansinger (Ed.) Social impact of media discourse in the age of iDeology A perspective from the global periphery Anchor Academic Publishing Gansinger, Martin A. M. (Ed.): Social impact of media discourse in the age of iDeology. A perspective from the global periphery, Hamburg, Anchor Academic Publishing 2019 Buch-ISBN: 978-3-96067-223-4 PDF-eBook-ISBN: 978-3-96067-723-9 Druck/Herstellung: Anchor Academic Publishing, Hamburg, 2019 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Bibliographical Information of the German National Library: The German National Library lists this publication in the German National Bibliography. Detailed bibliographic data can be found at: http://dnb.d-nb.de All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Das Werk einschliesslich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung ausserhalb der Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Dies gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Bearbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichenund Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürften. Die Informationen in diesem Werk wurden mit Sorgfalt erarbeitet. Dennoch können Fehler nicht vollständig ausgeschlossen werden und die Bedey Media GmbH, die Autoren oder Übersetzer übernehmen keine juristische Verantwortung oder irgendeine Haftung für evtl. verbliebene fehlerhafte Angaben und deren Folgen. Alle Rechte vorbehalten © Anchor Academic Publishing, Imprint der Bedey Media GmbH Hermannstal 119k, 22119 Hamburg https://www.anchor-publishing.com, Hamburg 2019 Printed in Germany Dedicated to my father Acknowledgments The editor would like to thank the following individuals for their help and assistance in creating this volume: Yosra Jarrar and all the contributing authors, Lilou, my new office mate Ahmed-Nouri, Hanane L'Avoine, Hafid, Halima, Abdenbi, Sahel GaultMillau, Mounya Plouton-Pecheur, Vincent Pecheur, Theodore Rollins, Song Zhijian, Sophia Munster-Marichal, Thierry, Flavie, Richard Wilhelm. About the editor Dr. Martin Abdel Matin Gansinger (born 1979 in Austria) studied Communication Science and Political Science at the University of Vienna and passed both with distinction. His Master's thesis discusses recursive patterns of cultural, social, and political resistance in various forms of Black American musical expression and the potential of Hip Hop as an alternative communication-structure for the compensation of dysfunctional representation through mainstream-media. He furthermore analyzed the conditions of communication and interaction in the practice of collective improvisation as a musical method and its correspondence to the concept of the Ideal Speech Situation as introduced by Habermas – as well as its efficiency in the context of Intercultural Communication – to attain a Doctor's degree in Communication Science. Next to professional activities as editor and journalist for jazzzeit magazine and Vienna-based radio station orange 94.0 from 2005-2009 he has been working as a PR-coordinator for the internationally awarded, independent label JazzWerkstatt Records. Martin A. M. Gansinger conducted several long-term field studies abroad, receiving financial funding through the University of Vienna's research scholarship. He spent a year in Ghana in coordination with the Vienna Institue for Development and Cooperation and Prof. John Collins from the University of Ghana/Accra, researching Intercultural Communication processes in the context of transfusional West African music styles – including an extended stay at the local compound of the Jamaica-based Bobo Shanti Mansion, one of the strictest subdivisions of the Rastafarian faith, and allowance to their communal Nyahbinghi ceremonies. Further field research aiming at extemporaneous communication techniques and its use in traditional knowledge systems has been done in Fez/Morocco and the convent of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order in Lefke/Cyprus where he was working and residing from 2009 to 2018. After holding the position of Assistant Professor/Head of Department of Public Relations at the Faculty of Communication at Girne American University, Martin A. M. Gansinger is currently based in Toulouse/South France from where he works as an author and editor for the International University of Applied Sciences Bad Honnef and Bloomsbury Academic. Contributors Assist. Prof. Dr. Gabriel E. Nweke is a social psychologist and a lecturer who formerly worked as a biostatistician in a hospital. He is the currently the head of Psychology Department at Girne American University and has published works on social identity, social media, and group behavior. Assist. Prof. Dr. Yosra Jarrar is currently the Head of Digital Marketing and Social Media Department at the Girne American University, Cyprus. Her research interests lie within the field of news media, media ethics, media effects, and public relations. Assist. Prof. Dr. Shema Bukhari is an Assistant Professor at Communication Faculty of Girne American University and Head of the Radio, TV and Cinema Department. Her interest lies in journalism, political discourse and visual rhetoric. Mohammadreza Hashemi is a psychologist and researcher, working independently since about two years. His research interests are in the areas of mental health and social media. Abbas Zakria Qasmi, MA in Journalism and Broadcasting, is working in electronic media production and programming. He currently holds a position as a team lead in the regional office of LMKR. Belkıs Şahinoğlu: PhD Candidate/Communication and Media Management at Girne American University. Julie Jepchirchir: MA Candidate/Journalism and Public Relations at Girne American University. Ovie Sandra Ochuko: MA Candidate/Journalism and Public Relations at Girne American University. Content Mohammadreza Hashemi & Gabriel E. Nweke The moderating role of social media on perfectionism and depression .................... 13 Sidik Khdir Ahmed The impact of social media on the acceptance of ISIS survivors in Iraq .................. 41 Belkıs Şahinoğlu & Martin A. M. Gansinger Analyzing the effects of media discourse on the sentencing of criminal trials in the TRNC: foundations for future research ............................... 51 Julie Jepchirchir Assessing the ethicality of journalism of attachment: a perspective of Kenyan media .................................................................................. 71 Ovie Sandra Ochuko The role of media bias in influencing public opinion in Nigeria ............................... 85 Abbas Zakria Qasmi A comparative analysis of the speeches of the Pakistani Prime Minister and Indian Foreign Minister in UNGA 71st session ................................................ 105 Abbas Zakria Qasmi, Shema Bukhari and Yosra Jarrar Politics, ideologies, and media representation: a case study of Pakistan and India ........................................................................... 135 Shema Bukhari Political discourse: what we do not see in Pakistani and Indian newspaper headlines ..................................................................................... 171 Julie Jepchirchir & Martin A. M. Gansinger A Comparative Critical Discourse Analysis of the language used in the coverage of the 2017 presidential campaign in Kenya by Citizen Television and K24 ................................................................................ 211 Ovie Sandra Ochuko and Yosra Jarrar The framing of the coverage of the 2018 Gubernatorial elections in Ekiti State, Nigeria ................................................................................................... 229 10 Tables and Figures The moderating role of social media on perfectionism and depression Table 1: Intercorrelations and Cronbach's alpha for all variables in the study ..... 24 The role of media bias in influencing public opinion in Nigeria Table 1: Distribution/newspapers ............................................................................ 93 Table 2: Distribution/CHANNELS TV and AIT News Networks ............................. 93 Table 3: Mean and standard deviation for the visibility of frames .......................... 94 Politics, ideologies, and media representation: A Case Study of Pakistan and India Figure 1: Comparison of total publications in The Hindu and The Express Tribune ................................................................................ 157 Figure 2: Daily breakdown of published articles corresponding to the keyword "Pakistan" on the front page of The Hindu .............................. 158 Figure 3: Daily breakdown of published articles corresponding to the keyword "India" on the front page of The Express Tribune ................... 158 Figure 4: Comparison of the daily breakdown of The Hindu and The Express Tribune ................................................................................ 159 Figure 5: Number of publications in The Hindu with their respective themes ........ 163 Figure 6: Number of publications in The Express Tribune with their respective themes ..................................................................................... 164 Figure 7: Comparison of the distribution of publications under their respective themes of both The Hindu and The Express Tribune ............ 165 Figure 8: Representation of "Pakistan" in the items published by The Hindu ....... 166 Figure 9: Representation of "India" in the items published by The Express Tribune ................................................................................ 167 The framing of the coverage of the 2018 Gubernatorial elections in Ekiti State, Nigeria Table 1: Distribution/CHANNELS TV and AIT ..................................................... 241 Table 2: Mean and standard deviation for the visibility of frames ........................ 242 11 Foreword In the age of iDeology – in which individual access and participation to technology is about to replace the rich texture of religion, culture, tradition and political convictions – the social impact of media discourse only magnifies. This volume is an attempt to explore the influence of ever-available communication content on the minds and behavior of a population that has made the permanent and often obsessive use of communication technology a defining element of social orientation. Unlike the many accounts that focus on the remarkably redefined patterns in the context of Western society – ranging from twittering Presidents to the emerging populist movements all over Europe – this volume portrays the situation from the frequently neglected perspective of the global periphery. As opposed to simply transfer and measure perspectives taken from a Western point of view, the clear intention of this volume is to provide ample space for the sincere and explorative consideration of local characteristics and settings of the different social, cultural and political contexts and therefore contribute to providing the ground for future research. The first chapter serves to establish an understanding of the huge impact of the highly individualized approach of consumption and participation to mediated social discourse by pointing out the moderating role of social media on perfectionism and depression among a population of international students from Turkey, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. In the following chapter, a core strategy for the employment of social media channels as part of the challenging endeavor to constitute social acceptance and integration of ISIS survivors in Iraqi society is being outlined along the theoretical lines of social penetration and social exchange. Chapter three opens room for discussion on matters of media and judicial sentencing by offering a future research design for the evaluation of judges' and jury members' exposure to crime reporting in the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus, taking into consideration the specific history and nature of the local media. Following is a discussion about the ethicality of the highly subjective practice of journalism of attachment and its anticipation among Kenyan journalists. Next, the role of media bias in influencing 12 public opinion is illustrated by the case of the depiction of the Indigenous People of Biafra in Nigerian media. Chapter six offers a Critical Content Analysis of the speeches of the Prime Minister of Pakistan and the Indian Minister of Foreign Affairs at the 71st General Assembly of the United Nations. This analysis provides insight into the ideological patterns of the ongoing conflict between the two countries – with its mediated dimension being detailly investigated in the subsequent chapter. In direct continuation of the focus on political aspects of media discourse in Pakistan and India, chapter eight provides a Multi-Modal Critical Discourse Analysis of newspaper headlines in both countries. Closing this volume, the last two chapters provide accounts on the language used in the coverage of the 2017 presidential campaign in Kenya and framing techniques applied in the coverage of the 2018 Gubernatorial elections in Ekiti State, Nigeria. It is the intent of the editor – and the international authors from a multi-disciplinary academic and professional background – to offer an insightful glimpse into the less illuminated corners on the globalized map, considering that the undisputed spotlight still seems to be reserved for the dominant forces of the last century. However, "the times they are a-changin'" and the way things present themselves, the future giants might very likely emerge from out of the African or Asian continent – which is one more reason to increase scholarly consideration for the contemporary developments in the corresponding countries. Hence, this volume is also an effort to provide a voice for future intellectuals from these neglected areas of the global periphery to give their very own account of things – and therefore shape and reflect the development of their nations. Martin A. M. Gansinger, Toulouse, March