Ownership and the right of ownership are formed in a specific historical and social con¬text. Knowing these differences, as well as the reasons for their existence, may serve as a guar¬antee for the successful realization of the rights and for their protection. This paper discusses some specifics of the ownership in Bulgaria, which have been differentiated as a result of the social and economic relations from the Mid¬dle Ages to the present days. Such distinction is carried out in the paper (...) on the basis of the dif¬ferences between East and West, between country and town as well as natural exchange and monetary exchange. (shrink)

The ecclesiastical schism in Bulgaria – here referred to as post-Byzantine - did not come up unexpectedly in 1992 to raise political, social, religious and psychological issues. This justifies the choice of the author to analyze the ecclesiastical schism in Bulgaria from a cultural-historical perspective within Byzantine and Russian Orthodox history, canon law and social psychology. The multidisciplinary approach of recently raised post-communist issues adds a methodological advantage, since it helps to disclose the “many faces” of communism as a messianic (...) pseudo-religious mainstream in Eastern Europe, which was the main cause of religious, social and politically-driven tensions after 1990. In this way the religious schism can be tackled more adequately than if being analyzed solely through an empirically-driven social lens, or only from a church law point of view within a context where a spiritual résurgence of Christian Orthodox belief was on the go. This being said, we should not forget to take into consideration the fact that no religion could play the dominant power of real life in nowadays Europe after being "broken down" by the Protestant Reformation, because it seized to generate new mental paradigms, which is one of the modern issues of religious conscience raised in the present paper. (shrink)

The article has a modest task to describe in a general context the idea, nature, existence and effects of the legal institution of Acts of Administrative Assurance. The text is structured into six parts. The present first is the introductory one – with a broad view on the assurance as an institutional social phenomenon. The second one leans on the Principle of Legitimate Expectation as a basic principle for the entire European legal area. The third one examines the extant examples (...) of typical Act of Administrative Assurance in the national legislations within Europe, respectively – the fourth one considers atypical forms of AAA. Both typical and atypical existence of AAA are analyzed in their legislative aspects; nevertheless judicial practice and legal doctrine are also used in the argumentation. The fifth part of this work is based on de lege ferenda issues – proposals for future legislative approaches. And the last sixth part locks the expose with the logical conclusions in consequences of the developed thesis. (shrink)

Each legal system has different from other legal systems principles, rules and values. But there are some identical postulates, which can be recognized as common for all legal models in the civilized states and societies. Among them for sure is the principle of promptness, which requires the observing of time limits. By reason of this fact, it is possible to speak for the legal cosmopolitism, concerning the legal actions and acts in time.