This book investigates various aspects of freedom as developed in the philosophical systems of Kant and Fichte. Freedom, both Kant and Fichte insist, does not mean that we can chose or think independently from all rules or necessity, but rather that we willingly accept a certain kind of submission under these rules. Therefore, the conditions of our knowledge affect and inform our self-understanding, our willing, and the ways we justify our practical choices. The essays in this volume explore both philosophers' (...) conceptions of human freedom as they relate to art, history, politics, and religion. They reveal how integrating freedom into a system of thought is crucial for our understanding of modern philosophy. System and Freedom in Kant and Fichte will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working on Kant, modern philosophy, and German Studies. (shrink)

This book offers new perspectives on the theoretical elements of the Opus postumum, Kant's project of a final work which remained unknown until eighty years after his death. The contributors read the OP as a central work in establishing the relation between Kant's transcendental philosophy, his natural philosophy, practical philosophy, philosophy of religion, metaphysics, and his broader epistemology. Interpreting the OP is an important task because it helps reveal how Kant himself tried to correct and develop his critical philosophy. It (...) also sheds light on the foundational role of the three Critiques for other philosophical inquiries, as well as the unified philosophical system that Kant sought to establish. The chapters in this volume address a range of topics relevant to the epistemological and theoretical problems raised in the OP, including the transition from the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science to physics as an answer to a deficiency in critical thought; the notion of ether and, more specifically, its transcendental deduction; self-affection and the self-positing of the subject; and the idea of God and the system of ideas in the highest standpoint of transcendental philosophy. Perspectives on Kant's Opus postumum will be of interest to upper-level students and scholars working on Kant. (shrink)

Biographical note: Pierfrancesco Basile, Zürich, Schweiz.

The first interpretations of Kant’s unfinished work, the so-called Opus postumum, occur almost exclusively within German Neo-Kantianism . The central point of discussion focuses on the relationship between transcendental idealism and empirical realism in Kant’s late thought. Some Neokantians regard the final development of Kant’s philosophy as a radical form of idealism, either a fictionalism or a scientific idealism . Several interpreters attribute the theory of the so-called “double affection” to the Kant of the Opus postumum. Krause tries instead to (...) match transcendental idealism and empirical realism. The aim of this paper is to present and discuss this debate. (shrink)

Hall’s monograph aims to demonstrate that Kant’s Opus postumum fills a crucial gap in Kant’s critical philosophy concerning the notion of substance in the analogies of experience from the Critique of Pure Reason. It is organized into an introduction, five chapters and a short recapitulatory conclusion.The first chapter argues that Kant, in the analogies of experience, uses two mutually irreducible notions of substance: the first refers to the plurality of “relatively enduring empirical objects”; the second is the notion of a (...) singular “sempiternal and omnipresent Substance”. As the category of substance suits only the “substances,” Kant needs a complementary a priori concept of substance that fits.. (shrink)

v. 1. La fisica concettuale. Revisione delle categorie del pensiero scientifico e visione unitaria del mondo fisico sulle bast della dialettica di Hegei.

Sante De Sanctis (1862—1935), a pioneer of psychology in Rome at the end of the 19th century, applied methods from the expanding field of experimental psychology to the study of dreams, which was considered one of the leading ways to gain an understanding of normal and pathological psychic life. Taking inspiration from several traditions, De Sanctis proposed a study that anticipated a scientific program that also differentiated between contemporary psychoanalytical interpretations according to which previous dream psychology was considered a 'dark (...) forest'. On the contrary, the multi-faceted methodology that he adopted for the study of an, until then, marginal phenomenon of the 'new' psychology, represented an element of originality that also included the elaboration of a psycho-physiological theory of dreams. Although the Italian psychologist's work on dreams was characterized by these important methodological changes, it disappeared from the references of those who contributed to the foundation of modern dreaming psychology after the Second World War. The present article places De Sanctis' psychology of dreams in its scientific context and singles out its originality while also analyzing the reasons for its marginalization. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 108 Heft: 1 Seiten: 146-152.

This article explores the presence and function of texts by two spokesmen of the Franciscan Observance sub vicaris, namely Giovanni of Capestrano and Jan Brugman, within a religious miscellany most probably used – if not composed – by the Brothers of the Common Life in the house of Lüchtenhof, founded in 1440 in the neighbourhood of Hildesheim, Lower Saxony. The miscellany attests to the influence of these two prominent preachers beyond their religious order and beyond the geographic areas in (...) which they had been active, thus showing the exchange and interconnection between different branches of the so-called Observant movement.The article first describes the... (shrink)

The paper explores the original reception of Nietzsche's philosophy provided by the Italian pragmatists Giovanni Vailati and Giovanni Papini.

Pietro Gori's book is an admirable and successful attempt to define and critically discuss one of the most controversial aspects of Nietzsche's philosophy—that is, the meaning of his perspectivism. Overinterpreted by postmodernist and poststructuralist philosophers and assaulted by the supporters of "new realism," Nietzsche's perspectivism remains an interpretative black hole for academic and nonacademic readers alike. Gori's book sheds light on this obscure topic. If at least one residual dark point remains, the fault is not Gori's, but reflects the (...) inner complexity of Nietzsche's position. Or so I will argue in the following.Gori's book is composed of five independent, but interconnected, chapters. His aim is... (shrink)

Nel 1516 Leone X sfuggì di misura a un’incursione di pirati musulmani mentre cacciava sul litorale romano.1 Presumibilmente gli incursori non si accorsero di quanto preziosa fosse la preda che avevano mancato. E noi non riusciamo neppure a immaginare le conseguenze di una simile cattura: ci vorrebbe un intero libro di storia controfattuale. Il rischio inaudito corso dal papa confermava la vulnerabilità dell’Europa cristiana, e addirittura del suo centro, Roma, che la frattura religiosa del Mediterraneo aveva trasformato in un avamposto (...) proteso verso gli infedeli. Il tema era presente nella mente di Leone X almeno da quando Paolo Giustiniani e Pietro Quirini gli avevano dato risalto nel 1513. Delle sei parti in cui .. (shrink)

The October 2016 publication of the 2015 convegno on Peter of John Olivi begins with a fine survey of Provence and Languedoc in Olivi's time. J. Chiffoleau, with C. Lenoble, supplies the reader with much detail and some summary, along with abundant reference, on Olivi's home turf. In the come and go of life religious and lay, Olivi saw to critical support for business while trying to stabilize Franciscan life. He did very well by both. Chiffoleau finishes his pages on (...) Olivi's days by suggesting that Olivi had better to do around Narbonne than in Paris.Tiziana Suarez-Nani offers thoughts and examples of Peter Olivi's "spiritual philosophy". That he offers Aristotle little esteem we know; that Olivi... (shrink)

Per il francescano Olivi lo stato dell’altissima povertà e la perfezione evangelica comportano la rinuncia alla proprietà e l’espropriazione di ogni diritto. Olivi argomenta che l’altissima povertà include in modo necessario e come parte integrante del voto francescano l’usus pauper, vale a dire l’uso povero dei beni e delle cose. In questo contesto Olivi si pone la questione di quale sia lo statuto giuridico della povertà e di come sia possibile vivere la perfezione evangelica all’interno di una società segnata dalla (...) rivoluzione commerciale e dalla crescente monetizzazione. La longa et scandalosa disceptatio de observantia regulae1 e la disputa sulla povertà del XIII secolo2 non si riducono solo ad una questione... (shrink)

This book introduces the reader to Whitehead’s complex and often misunderstood metaphysics by showing that it deals with questions about the nature of causation originally raised by the philosophy of Leibniz. Whitehead’s philosophy is an attempt at rehabilitating Leibniz’s theory of monads by recasting it in terms of novel ontological categories.