In researching presuppositions dealing with logic and dynamic of belief we distinguish two related parts. The first part refers to presuppositions and logic, which is not necessarily involved with intentional operators. We are primarily concerned with classical, free and presuppositonal logic. Here, we practice a well known Strawson’s approach to the problem of presupposition in relation to classical logic. Further on in this work, free logic is used, especially Van Fraassen’s research of the role of presupposition in supervaluations logical systems. (...) At the end of the first part, presuppositional logic, advocated by S.K. Thomason, is taken into consideration. The second part refers to the presuppositions in relation to the logic of the dynamics of belief. Here the logic of belief change is taken into consideration and other epistemic notions with immanent mechanism for the presentation of the dynamics. Three representative and dominant approaches are evaluated. First, we deal with new, less classical, situation semantics. Besides Strawson’s theory, the second theory is the theory of the belief change, developed by Alchourron, Gärdenfors, and Makinson (AGM theory). At the end, the oldest, universal, and dominant approach is used, recognized as Hintikka’s approach to the analysis of epistemic notions. (shrink)

In researching presuppositions dealing with logic and dynamic of belief we distinguish two related parts. The first part refers to presuppositions and logic, which is not necessarily involved with intentional operators. We are primarily concerned with classical, free and presuppositonal logic. Here, we practice a well known Strawson’s approach to the problem of presupposition in relation to classical logic. Further on in this work, free logic is used, especially Van Fraassen’s research of the role of presupposition in supervaluations logical systems. (...) At the end of the first part, presuppositional logic, advocated by S.K. Thomason, is taken into consideration. The second part refers to the presuppositions in relation to the logic of the dynamics of belief. Here the logic of belief change is taken into consideration and other epistemic notions with immanent mechanism for the presentation of the dynamics. Three representative and dominant approaches are evaluated. First, we deal with new, less classical, situation semantics. Besides Strawson’s theory, the second theory is the theory of the belief change, developed by Alchourron, Gärdenfors, and Makinson. At the end, the oldest, universal, and dominant approach is used, recognized as Hintikka’s approach to the analysis of epistemic notions. (shrink)

Die dritte Ausgabe der eva-edition video art versammelt Texte, die für die Theorie der Videokunst prägend sind und fortwährend inspirierend wirken. Die Anthologie enthält Beiträge von Autorinnen aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, die seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre entstanden sind und den Begriff des Mediums Video bestimmen, erweitern, die spezifische Leistung der Videokunst deuten oder ihre Systematik und Historisierung versuchen. Es finden Texte Berücksichtigung, die den sich verändernden Gebrauch des Mediums reflektieren, seine (Un- )Spezifizität als Reflexionsmedium definieren und Video (...) als Katalysator für die Theoriebildung an den Schnittstellen zur Film-, Medien-, Internet- oder Performancekunst nutzen. Der Sammelband folgt entsprechend einem wissenschaftshistoriographischen Interesse ebenso wie der Herausbildung von kunst-, medien-, performance-, geschlechts- und kulturtheoretischen Schwerpunkten der Videokunsttheorie. (shrink)

We introduce the notions of stationarily ordered types and theories; the latter generalizes weak o-minimality and the former is a relaxed version of weak o-minimality localized at the locus of a single type. We show that forking, as a binary relation on elements realizing stationarily ordered types, is an equivalence relation and that each stationarily ordered type in a model determines some order-type as an invariant of the model. We study weak and forking non-orthogonality of stationarily ordered types, show that (...) they are equivalence relations and prove that invariants of non-orthogonal types are closely related. The techniques developed are applied to prove that in the case of a binary, stationarily ordered theory with fewer than countable models, the isomorphism type of a countable model is determined by a certain sequence of invariants of the model. In particular, we confirm Vaught's conjecture for binary, stationarily ordered theories. (shrink)

This work questions the possibility of comparing the insights of eastern mysticism and modern physical science in a way of Fritjof Capra and also tries to present the problems of stating the methods of once distant cultures as relevant factors in our daily practice. While arguing for such comparison we face a lot of questions: are mysticism and modern physical science on different levels of reality; is there any sense in considering these levels “restricted”; are mysticism and modern physical science (...) operating inside separated realms of reality with non-existent trans-level concepts and relations; – these being only a few questions opened by this perspectival comparison. In the last case, for example, if two realms of reality exist, one is opened to symbolic consciousness and linguistically expressible, and the other one is opened to non symbolic consciousness and linguistically non-expressible. Though this Capra’s approach is in many aspects obscure and questionable in substantive level, it, however, on methodological level completely fits into orientational frame of bioethics as multi-perspectival area. (shrink)

Koje su mogućnosti čovjeka da preokrene putove razvoja prema mogućim civilizacijskim rješenjima, osnovno je pitanje na koje Fritjof Capra pokušava odgovoriti. Rad prikazuje na koji način Capra vidi krizu suvremenog društva i znanosti, te koje alternative vidi kao rješenja; njegov angažman pokazuje se u cjelini kao etički usmjeren na spoznaju načina odnosa u svijetu, čovjekove naravi i njegova najvišeg dobra, te je praktički usmjeren na razumijevanje konkretnog čovjekova opstanka. U radu se postavlja pitanje o mogućnosti uspoređivanja uvida istočnjačkih mistika i (...) suvremenih fizičara, onako kako to radi Fritjof Capra, te na koje se probleme nailazi kada se metode, nekada udaljenih kultura, postavljaju kao relevantni učesnici naše svakodnevne prakse. Caprini uvidi u uzroke krize, analizom mehanicističko-znanstvenog pristupa i prikaz posljedica koje je takav pristup prouzročio, pogađaju u srž problema. Njegove opservacije i primjedbe na stanje u svijetu razložne su i korisne široj stručnoj publici. Međutim, njegovo viđenje izlaska iz krize, odnosno njezino rješenje ili nadvladavanje zapada u svojevrsni religijsko-znanstveni sinkretizam, s jedne strane, a s druge u scijentizam i konstruktivizam.This work questions the possibility of comparing the insights of eastern mysticism and modern physical science in a way of Fritjof Capra and also tries to present the problems of stating the methods of once distant cultures as relevant factors in our daily practice. While arguing for such comparison we face a lot of questions: are mysticism and modern physical science on different levels of reality; is there any sense in considering these levels “restricted”; are mysticism and modern physical science operating inside separated realms of reality with non-existent trans-level concepts and relations; – these being only a few questions opened by this perspectival comparison. In the last case, for example, if two realms of reality exist, one is opened to symbolic consciousness and linguistically expressible, and the other one is opened to non symbolic consciousness and linguistically non-expressible. Though this Capra’s approach is in many aspects obscure and questionable in substantive level, it, however, on methodological level completely fits into orientational frame of bioethics as multi-perspectival area. (shrink)

Warm-up -- Definability -- Neti neti -- Space-time -- The known universe -- The biosphere -- The separation region -- The sociosphere -- The phenomenon of family -- The phenomenon of state -- The phenomenon of religion -- The phenomenon of norms -- Where's the future?

Vol. 1. Logic of taste -- vol. 2. Pathology of taste -- vol. 3. Ethology of taste.

We present a relatively simple description of binary, definable subsets of models of weakly quasi-o-minimal theories. In particular, we closely describe definable linear orders and prove a weak version of the monotonicity theorem. We also prove that weak quasi-o-minimality of a theory with respect to one definable linear order implies weak quasi-o-minimality with respect to any other such order.

This major work surveys the historical roots, theoretical foundations, and normative claims of 20th-century conceptualizations of public opinion. It reanalyzes leading traditions, such as those of Lippmann, Dewey, and Noelle-Neumann, and reinvents some unjustly ignored ones, such as Toennies, Harrisson, and Wilson. The book critically examines popular modern research strategies such as polling and the 'spiral of silence' model and looks at the role of mass media in the formation and expression of public opinion.

Abstract Bentham favored a free press as an instrument of public control of the state, in the interest of the general happiness. Kant favored free public discussion as an instrument for the development and expression of autonomous rationality. But a free press embodied in the property rights of the owners of the press may well fail to achieve either Benthamite or Kantian goals. Such goals lead to a personal right to communicate rather than to a corporate right to press freedom.

"Tehnicizirana" politika, te u tom kontekstu zaborav pojma dobra kao čovjekova dobrog života, čini nužnim ponovnu procjenu pojma političkog, što rezultira ispitivanjem njegove biti. U tom se smislu antičko-grčka percepcija politike pojavljuje ključnom u potrazi za odgovorom. Aristotelova praktična filozofija kao jedinstvo etike, ekonomike i politike predstavlja se u svojoj punini upravo kao philosophia anthropina - filozofija o ljudskim stvarima. U takvom kontekstu politika ostaje izraz ljudske prirode, znakovito ukorijenjena u širini ljudskog života kao put ili način ostvarivanja njegovih najviših (...) stremljenja. Bivajući takovom, neraskidivo je povezana sa svojom svrhom - zajedničkim dobrom građana; država djeluje kao politička zajednica utemeljena na načelima slobode i pravednosti. Takova posebnost pojma politike - unutar svoje vezanosti za etiku i njezina praktičkog značenja za čovjeka - može preživjeti samo kroz suočavanje sa zaboravom njezina izvornog značenja.The “technicalized” politics, and in that context the oblivion of the concept of good as man’s goodlife, urges the reappraisal of the concept of the political, resulting in the questioning of its essence.In that sense the ancient-Greek perception of politics appears crucial in the quest for the answer.Aristotle’s practical philosophy as a union of ethics, economics and politics manifests itself in itsfullness precisely as philosophia anthropina – philosophy about human matters. In such a contextpolitics remains the expression of human nature, significantly rooted in the entirety of human life asa path or way towards the realization of his highest aspirations. Being such, it is unbreakablybonded with its purpose – the common good of citizens, the state acting as the political communitybased on the principles of freedom and righteousness. Such particularity of the concept of politicswithin its link to ethics and its practical meaning for man can survive only through confronting theoblivion of its original meaning. (shrink)

Mediteran je prostor susreta. Susretanje s jedne strane znači komunikaciju, aktivnost, otvorenost, prožimanje, dok s druge strane znači i sukob, često i rat, uništenje, istrebljenje. Susretanje je, dakle, istodobno opasnost i šansa, prijetnja i prigoda, mogućnost iščeznuća i predložak za novi kvalitet, što se na Mediteranu jasno ogleda. Neprestani napon, odnosi harmonije i suprotnosti, sličnosti i različitosti, pokazuju Mediteran u bitnom upravo kao prostor posredovanja, a posredovanje kao uvjet mogućnosti nečeg takovog kao što je Mediteran.Jedno od temeljnih posredovanja, iz kojeg (...) proizlaze ostala, jest odnos čovjeka i čovjeka, što bi se, govoreći jezikom pitanja, moglo drukčije odrediti kao pitanje mogućnosti i svrhe ljudske zajednice, odnosno bîti političkog. Na Mediteranu je, između ostalog, izvorište dva, mogli bismo reći oprečna, ali određujuća pristupa ovom pitanju: tzv. tradicionalni pristup politici – antičkogrčko shvaćanje politike kao djelovanja slobodnih i jednakih građana, koji u državi kao političkoj zajednici ozbiljuju bitne svrhe ljudskoga dobroga i pravednog života te čiji najreljefniji izraz nalazimo kod Aristotela , dok je s druge strane ono što nazivamo novovjekovnim pristupom politici, koji predstavlja nasuprotni pol antičkogrčkom određenju odnosa. Radikalni obrat nastupa upravo s Machiavellijem, a raščlambom njegova djela razabiru se i utjecaji na suvremenost.The Mediterranean is a meeting point. On the one hand, meeting points imply communication, activity, openness and interlacement, while on the other, conflict, frequently even war, destruction and extermination. Meetings, therefore, represent both danger and opportunity, threat and occasion, the possibility of annihilation and a model of a new quality, which the Mediterranean clearly mirrors. Its endless tension, the relations between harmony and opposition, its similarities and differences reveal the Mediterranean, in its essence, as a zone of mediation, and mediation itself as the very prerequisite of the existence of something like the Mediterranean.One of the most fundamental mediations, out of which all the others derive, is the relationship between man and man. Once translated into the language of questions, this could be reformulated as the question of the possibility and purpose of human society, i.e. the essence of the political. The Mediterranean is, amongst other things, the source of two, one could say diametrically opposed yet determinative approaches to this issue: one is the so-called traditional approach to politics – the Ancient Greek understanding of politics as a set of actions by free and equal citizens, who fulfil the purposes of a good and virtuous life in a state as a political community, the most outstanding example of which is formulated by Aristotle – while the other is the so-called modern approach to politics, which is the polar opposite of the Ancient Greek definition of the relationship at hand. With Machiavelli a radical shift takes place, and the analyses of his work disclose his influence on contemporaneity. (shrink)

This article seeks to address current debates comparing polls and opinion mining as empirically based figuration models of public opinion in the light of in-depth intellectual debates on the role and nature of public opinion that began after the French Revolution and the controversy over public opinion spurred by the invention of polls. Issues of historical quantification and re-conceptualisation of public opinion are addressed in four parts. The first summarises the history of the rise and fall of the concept of (...) public opinion. The second re-examines the key controversies in the debates on the theoretical, empirical and social implications and consequences of the invention of polling. The third part scrutinises the datafication of public opinion that started with polling industry and continues in the age of big data and data mining. The final section discusses the controversial potentials of opinion-mining technology and suggests ways in which social scientists could critically respond to the big data and opinion-mining challenges in order to reintegrate the ideas of publicness, the public and public sphere into public opinion research. (shrink)

The European Institute of Communication and Culture and the University of Nijmegen are engaged in a long-term investigation into understanding the problems and possibilities of electronic networks in democratic life. The first of a series of seminars on this topic was held September 2001 in Piran, Slovenia. During this conference, 21 scholars from around Europe, Asia and New Zealand convened and presented papers related to a single overriding question: In what manner and to what degree can electronic networks contribute to (...) a more informed and politically active citizenry? (shrink)

Let $\mathcal M=$ be a linearly ordered first-order structure and T its complete theory. We investigate conditions for T that could guarantee that $\mathcal M$ is not much more complex than some colored orders. Motivated by Rubin’s work [5], we label three conditions expressing properties of types of T and/or automorphisms of models of T. We prove several results which indicate the “geometric” simplicity of definable sets in models of theories satisfying these conditions. For example, we prove that the strongest (...) condition characterizes, up to definitional equivalence, theories of colored orders expanded by equivalence relations with convex classes. (shrink)

Gas will increasingly be seen as the fossil fuel of choice, especially when considering environmental impacts. Natural gas is the chance for Serbia for sustainable development and with its intensive consumption in the XXI century to conciliate the 4Es (Energy, Economy, Efficiency and Environment). In this paper we will compare the impact of different fossil fuels used for domestic heating with a special emphasis on natural gas. Some other causes of climate changes will be also discussed such as the Milanković (...) astronomical cycles. These factors will be compared with climate changes caused by the consumption of fossil fuels. (shrink)

For successful application of educational inclusive concept, next to the material and technical requirements, of high importance is also the quality and improvement of educational practice, education and competence of all participants in the educational process. Teachers are crucial part of the educational process so their acquired knowledge and skills are of great importance for the success of the inclusive education. Aim of this paper was to determine geography teacher’s attitudes towards working with pupils with developmental difficulties. For the purpose (...) of the research survey was conducted including geography teachers in elementary and secondary schools in Croatia. Research results indicate that teachers do not consider themselves educated enough neither competent for everyday work with pupils with developmental difficulties and they express the need for additional education. In their school work they try to adopt teaching materials and methods according to children’s difficulties. Cooperation with school professional and pedagogical service and parents is one of the main preconditions for successful teaching. There are significant differences in teacher’s attitudes in elementary in relation to ones in secondary schools. (shrink)

The current study represents an integrated model of explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy. First, it focuses on a definitional revision and enrichment of the explicit offensive language taxonomy by reviewing the collection of available corpora and comparing tagging schemas applied there. The study relies mainly on the categories originally proposed by Zampieri et al. (2019) in terms of offensive language categorization schemata. After the explanation of semantic differences between particular concepts used in the tagging systems and the analysis of (...) theoretical frameworks, a finite set of classes is presented, which cover aspects of offensive language representation along with linguistically sound explanations (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk et al. 2021). In the analytic procedure, offensive from non-offensive discourse is first distinguished, with the question of offence Target and the following categorization levels and sublevels. Based on the relevant data generated from Sketch Engine (https://www.sketchengine.eu/ententen-english-corpus/), we propose the concept of offensive language as a superordinate category in our system with a number of hierarchically arranged 17 subcategories. The categories are taxonomically structured into 4 levels and verified with the use of neural-based (lexical) embeddings. Together with a taxonomy of implicit offensive language and its subcategorization levels which has received little scholarly attention until now, the categorization is exemplified in samples of offensive discourses in selected English social media materials, i.e., publicly available 25 web-based hate speech datasets (consult Appendix 1 for a complete list). The offensive category levels (types of offence, targets, etc.) and aspects (offensive language property clusters) as well as the categories of explicitness and implicitness are discussed in the study and the computationally verified integrated explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy proposed in the study. (shrink)

Over the past 25 years, there has been growing recognition of the importance of studying the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of genetic and genomic research. A large investment into ELSI research from the National Institutes of Health Human Genomic Project budget in 1990 stimulated the growth of this emerging field; ELSI research has continued to develop and is starting to emerge as a field in its own right. The evolving subject matter of ELSI research continues to raise new research (...) questions as well as prompt re-evaluation of earlier work and a growing number of scholars working in this area now identify themselves as ELSI scholars rather than with a particular discipline. Due to the international and interdisciplinary nature of ELSI research, scholars can often find themselves isolated from disciplinary or regionally situated support structures. We conducted a workshop with Early Career Researchers in Oxford, UK, and this paper discusses some of the particular challenges that were highlighted. While ELSI ECRs may face many of the universal challenges faced by ECRs, we argue that a number of challenges are either unique or exacerbated in the case of ELSI ECRs and discuss some of the reasons as to why this may be the case. We identify some of the most pressing issues for ELSI ECRs as: interdisciplinary angst and expertise, isolation from traditional support structures, limited resources and funding opportunities, and uncertainty regarding how research contributions will be measured. We discuss the potential opportunity to use web 2.0 technologies to transform academic support structures and address some of the challenges faced by ELSI ECRs, by helping to facilitate mentoring and support, access to resources and new accreditation metrics. As our field develops it is crucial for the ELSI community to continue looking forward to identify how emerging digital solutions can be used to facilitate the international and interdisciplinary research we perform, and to offer support for those embarking on, progressing through, and transitioning into an ELSI research career. (shrink)

The goal of the paper is to present a Simplified Offensive Language (SOL) Taxonomy, its application and testing in the Second Annotation Campaign conducted between March-May 2023 on four languages: English, Czech, Lithuanian, and Polish to be verified and located in LLOD. Making reference to the previous Offensive Language taxonomic models proposed mostly by the same COST Action Nexus Linguarum WG 4.1.1 team, the number and variety of the categories underwent the definitional revision, and the present typology was tested in (...) the annotation on the publicly available offensive language datasets of each of the four languages. The results of the annotation are presented and as they are contained within the accepted statistical values on the inter-annotator agreement in the SOL categories and their aspects, we propose this taxonomy as a core ontology which represents the encoding of the supported offensive languages and justify its use on new data in terms of a more universal Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD) schema. (shrink)

We give examples of (i) a simple theory with a formula (with parameters) which does not fork over [Formula: see text] but has [Formula: see text]-measure 0 for every automorphism invariant Keisler measure [Formula: see text] and (ii) a definable group [Formula: see text] in a simple theory such that [Formula: see text] is not definably amenable, i.e. there is no translation invariant Keisler measure on [Formula: see text]. We also discuss paradoxical decompositions both in the setting of discrete groups (...) and of definable groups, and prove some positive results about small theories, including the definable amenability of definable groups. (shrink)