A critical review of the crucial Freudian change in the general explanation of hysterics and neurosis that took place in 1897 would not let us assess in a definite way the epistemic import of Psychoanalysis. However some difficulties that appear in Freud’s works, related for instance to the no-contradiction principle, demand that we make an epistemic and a moral decision. But only if we wanted to maintain the critical attitude that modern science and philosophy have brought to us, a decision (...) that would allow us to see Freudianism as a faith and as “a testimony of a man in our age”. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia la lectura hermenéutica de la obra freudiana que propusieron pensadores como Habermas o Ricoeur, y su continuación en el llamado "psicoanálisis narrativo", no sólo desde el punto de vista epistemológico sino también como una importante contribución a la discusión sobre la identidad personal.

Este trabajo representa una búsqueda del rasgo negativo esencial que habría venido caracterizando a la actividad filosófica en nuestra cultura: una lucha sin tregua contra la estupidez humana, entendida en sentido profundo como fracaso de la inteligencia, un fracaso que sería sinónimo y compendio de maldad y de fealdad. Al mismo tiempo se atreve a pronosticar un futuro optimista para la filosofía, a pesar de todas las apariencias, por lo menos en la medida en que al estúpido le resultaría imposible (...) ser humanamente feliz. (shrink)

Este artículo analiza ciertas interpretaciones del célebre comentario de Wittgenstein a Drury, sin duda relevantes para comprender el sentido de la filosofía del pensador vienés en su último periodo, según el cual él mismo, sin ser una persona religiosa, no podía evitar contemplar todas las cuestiones desde una perspectiva religiosa. Los pasos para identificar la razón por la que se puede afirmar que la inmunización de la forma de vida religiosa constituye el sentido último de la filosofía concebida como análisis (...) de los juegos de lenguaje serán, en primer lugar, poner en relación el valor supremo de la claridad con la crítica de la actitud explicativa característica de la filosofía convencional y, en segundo término, considerar el análisis del discurso religioso y la peculiar religiosidad del propio Wittgenstein. This paper explores some of the issues related to Wittgenstein's famous comment to Drury -that he himself, while not a religious person, could not avoid contemplating all questions from a religious perspective- that might contribute to an understanding of the final meaning of the philosophical practice distinctive of Wittgenstein's last period. This paper aims at showing that final meaning is the immunization of the religious form of the life. In order to reach this conclusion we will first recall the importance of clarity as an absolute goal of Wittgenstein's philosophy, and see how it is connected to a specific attitude toward the explanatory claims of conventional philosophy. Then we will summarize the essence of Wittgenstein's philosophical analysis of religious discourse and review some crucial texts that highlight the peculiar religiosity unique to Wittgenstein. (shrink)

Resumen: A partir del último libro de La gaya ciencia en este trabajo procedo, en primer lugar, a fijar los rasgos del nuevo entendimiento nietzscheano de la creencia en cuanto un determinar activo contrapuesto a la pretensión de verdad entendida como corrección o ajuste de la representación, es decir, en cuanto contracreencia. En segundo lugar, caracterizo a grandes rasgos lo que hay que considerar como creencia específicamente nietzscheana, constitutiva del sentido nuclear de su producción filosófica. Debemos denominar "fe dionisíaca" a (...) esa "creencia", en el entendido de que resulta imposible fijarla y definirla en un sentido estricto porque no excluiría nada, ni siquiera a sus opuestos.: Based on The Gay Science’s last book, in this paper I proceed, first, to set the features of the new Nietzschean understanding of belief as an active determining opposed to the claim of truth traditionally understood as correction or adjustment of representation. That is to say, belief understood, in an important even though paradoxical sense, as counterbelief. Second, I aim to characterize although roughly what could be considered as the specifically Nietzschean belief, constitutive of his philosophical production’s core meaning. We should call that "belief" the "Dionysian faith", in the understanding that fixing and defining it would be strictly speaking rather impossible, since it does not exclude anything, not even its opposites. (shrink)

Este trabajo representa una búsqueda del rasgo negativo esencial que habría venido caracterizando a la actividad filosófica en nuestra cultura: una lucha sin tregua contra la estupidez humana, entendida en sentido profundo como fracaso de la inteligencia, un fracaso que sería sinónimo y compendio de maldad y de fealdad. Al mismo tiempo se atreve a pronosticar un futuro optimista para la filosofía, a pesar de todas las apariencias, por lo menos en la medida en que al estúpido le resultaría imposible (...) ser humanamente feliz. (shrink)

Adaptive optics are techniques used for processing the spatial resolution of astronomical images taken from large ground-based telescopes. In this work, computational results are presented for a modified curvature sensor, the tomographic pupil image wavefront sensor, which measures the turbulence of the atmosphere, expressed in terms of an expansion over Zernike polynomials. Convolutional neural networks are presented as an alternative to the TPI-WFS reconstruction. This technique is a machine learning model of the family of artificial neural networks, which are widely (...) known for its performance as modeling and prediction technique in complex systems. Results obtained from the reconstruction of the networks are compared with the TPI-WFS reconstruction by estimating errors and optical measurements. The reconstructed wavefronts from both techniques are compared for wavefronts of 153 Zernike modes. For this case, a detailed comparison and grid search to find the most suitable neural network is performed, searching between multi-layer perceptron, CNN and recurrent networks topologies. In general, the best network was a CNN trained for TPI-WFS reconstruction, achieving better performance than the reconstruction software from TPI-WFS in most of the turbulent profiles, but the most significant improvements were found for higher turbulent profiles that have the lowest r0 values. (shrink)

En The paradox of Addition and its dissolution (1969), Mario Bunge presenta algunos argumentos para mostrar que la Regla de Adición puede ocasionar paradojas o problemas semánticos. Posteriormente, Margáin (1972) y Robles (1976) mostraron que las afirmaciones de Bunge son insostenibles, al menos desde el punto de vista de la lógica clásica. Aunque estamos de acuerdo con las críticas de Margáin y Robles, no estamos de acuerdo en el diagnóstico del origen del problema y tampoco con la manera en la (...) que se proponen solucionarlo. En esta medida, en este texto mostraremos cómo la Regla de Adición sí trae problemas semánticos que pueden ser planteados desde diferentes perspectivas contemporáneas, como la extensionalidad del condicional, los principios proscriptivos y la validez conexiva. (shrink)

Vogel, Beatrix, Umwertung der Menschenwürde–Kontroversen mit und nach Nietzsche. Mit einem Vorwort von Michael von Brück. Freiburg / München, Karl Alber, 2014, 426 págs.

It is important for society to fight against stupidity because the stupid is constitutively destructive. But the one who fights against stupidity, his own and that of others, is, above all, traditionally the philosopher. Let us note the presence of this struggle in Nietzsche, and realise the relevance it would have in his work, which in general is little emphasised. Nietzsche joins the classical line of denouncing stupidity, although he does so to an extreme by modulating it in terms of (...) his perspectivism as an inability to “get out” of the single perspective. Moreover, he is going to discover a kind of stupidity that accompanies wisdom as its necessary shadow and that would be the one that opens for us, in the face of Pauline and Erasmist Christianity, the possibility of a joyful science. On the other hand, cosmic stupidity would have the beautiful name of “necessity”, and the Dionysian aspect of the thought of the eternal return lies above all in the amor fati, which in our case would be translated as affirmation and even love of stupidity. That is why Nietzsche will say that Dionysian wisdom is the principle of the greatest possible stupidity. (shrink)

A critical review of the crucial Freudian change in the general explanation of hysterics and neurosis that took place in 1897 would not let us assess in a definite way the epistemic import of Psychoanalysis. However some difficulties that appear in Freud’s works, related for instance to the no-contradiction principle, demand that we make an epistemic and a moral decision. But only if we wanted to maintain the critical attitude that modern science and philosophy have brought to us, a decision (...) that would allow us to see Freudianism as a faith and as “a testimony of a man in our age”. (shrink)

The topos of jews’ blindness, recurrent in adversos iudaeos literature, embodies in the image of blindfold Synagoga in medieval visual arts. The first part of this paper focuses on its integration in different contexts of medieval Spanish art. Diferent, but not less interesting, is the way caecitatis iudeorum is illustrated in some illuminated manuscripts of Breviari d’Amor by Matfre Ermengaud and Fortalitium Fidei by Alonso de Espina, also subject of study throughout these pages.

In the current digital era, the borders amongst firms are getting blurred when it comes to value creation. Therefore, the traditional configuration of the value chain is frequently replaced by other ones which include the collaborative participation of different agents. Within this context, global value chains, where the value activities are located in different countries, and industrial clusters, which combine competition and cooperation, are attracting a growing attention of both business leaders and scholars in the recent years. Through a bibliometric (...) analysis, this paper disentangles the intellectual and conceptual structure of the research topic of industrial clusters and global value chains. Results show the multidisciplinary character of the topic, including papers published in different areas, such as business, regional studies and world development, as well as its close link with aspects like innovation, regional development, governance or organization. Finally, this study remarks the research lines that could attract more attention in the immediate future. (shrink)

Aberrations introduced by the atmospheric turbulence in large telescopes are compensated using adaptive optics systems, where the use of deformable mirrors and multiple sensors relies on complex control systems. Recently, the development of larger scales of telescopes as the E-ELT or TMT has created a computational challenge due to the increasing complexity of the new adaptive optics systems. The Complex Atmospheric Reconstructor based on Machine Learning is an algorithm based on artificial neural networks, designed to compensate the atmospheric turbulence. During (...) recent years, the use of GPUs has been proved to be a great solution to speed up the learning process of neural networks, and different frameworks have been created to ease their development. The implementation of CARMEN in different Multi-GPU frameworks is presented in this paper, along with its development in a language originally developed for GPU, like CUDA. This implementation offers the best response for all the presented cases, although its advantage of using more than one GPU occurs only in large networks. (shrink)

La pesca artesanal y la acuicultura industrializada involucran grupos de interés en la sostenibilidad ambiental y social para el mejoramiento del bienestar de las comunidades. Se propone analizar la gestión de las asociaciones pesqueras utilizando el modelo “Triple cuenta de resultados”, para fortalecer la cadena productiva en Buenaventura, Colombia. Se emplea el enfoque cualitativo-descriptivo y un cuestionario sobre aprendizaje organizacional. La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial reflejo de procesos, prácticas y aprendizajes mejoran la productividad y competitividad, requiriendo modernizar los sistemas productivos, formalizar (...) las actividades de la cadena productiva y las buenas prácticas para la sostenibilidad económica y ambiental del sector. (shrink)

The rapid increase of industry-sponsored clinical research towards developing countries has led to potentially complex ethical issues to assess. There is scarce evidence about the perception of these participants about the ethical compliance, security, and protection. We sought to evaluate and contrast the awareness and perception of participants and non-participants of industry-sponsored research trials on ethical, safety, and protection topics. A Cases-control survey conducted at twelve research sites in México. Previous and current participants of ISRT as well as non-participants with (...) one of four chronic diseases, were asked to complete the survey which focused on ethical compliance and protection issues of ISRT, and the perception of participating in a trial. A total of 604 cases and 604 controls were surveyed. Cases significantly answered that ethics committees are aware of what is happening in studies, and that medical care of industry-sponsored research trials is better than their usual medical care. The same proportion of cases and controls thought patients must receive economical reimbursement for participating in a research study. The informed consent of the pharmaceutical clinical trial was fully read by 90.4% of the cases. Most cases were satisfied or very satisfied with their overall study participation. Previous and current participants of industry-sponsored research trials have a more positive attitude towards ethics committees, the quality of medical care of the research trials, and the main purpose of economical reimbursements, when compared to non-participants. (shrink)

Los estudios de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad revelan las interrelaciones entre la ciencia y la tecnología como procesos sociales. Este artículo persigue como objetivo: valorar la significación social de un entorno virtual en la enseñanza aprendizaje de la Estadística descriptiva en la carrera de Medicina. El diagnóstico preliminar mediante de la observación, la encuesta y el análisis documental, mostró que existen insuficiencias en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de (...) la Estadística. Se diseñó un entorno virtual constituido por cinco módulos que incluyen contenidos de Estadística descriptiva, ejercicios, bibliografía y ayuda. Con la validación a partir del criterio de especialistas y la sistematización con la introducción en la práctica, se evaluó el mismo como muy adecuado, fue considerado útil, necesario y aplicable al contexto objeto de estudio, lo que contribuye a la formación científica de los estudiantes desde una posición materialista. Science, technology and society studies reveal the interrelations between science and technology as social processes. This article pursues the following objectives: to assess the social significance of a virtual environment in the teaching and learning of descriptive Statistics in Medicine degree course. The preliminary diagnosis through the observation, opinion poll and documentary analysis, showed that there are insufficiencies in the use of Information and Communication technologies in teaching and learning Statistics. It was designed a virtual environment with five modules that include contents of descriptive Statistics, exercises, bibliography and help. With the validation of specialists and the systematization after putting it in practice, the virtual environment was assessed as adequate, useful, necessary and applicable to the context being studied, which contributes to the scientific training of students from a materialistic position. (shrink)

The primary goal of the present research was to determine the order of swimmers on a mixed relay team that would ensure the best performance in the Fédération Internationale de Natation World Championships held in Kazan, Budapest, and Gwangju. The data were obtained from database websites for the 4 × 100 m freestyle and 4 × 100 m medley official results,1 including 660 records from 188 entries of finals and 472 preliminary events. The results showed that the fastest swimmers were (...) located primarily in the first or second positions of the freestyle relay. The most successful gender strategy for the 4 × 100 m freestyle and for the 4 × 100 m medley relays was the order male-male-female-female, although no statistical differences were found for the medley relays. In the 4 × 100 m freestyle, the second and third relay legs had a statistical effect on the total relay time, whereas in the 4 × 100 m medley, all four relay legs had a statistical effect on the final performance, the weight of the four strokes being different in heats with respect to the final round. Also, a later position of the first female swimmer or the consecutive position of two female swimmers in the team order significantly affected the relay performance in specific events. Mixed relay events appeared to present specific strategies in comparison to traditional male- or female-only relay lineups. (shrink)

Este artículo se propone describir la dinámica demográfica desde 1997 en Argentina y una provincia por cada región para considerar el impacto de la crisis de 2001-2002 y las etapas posteriores hasta 2016. Los marcos conceptuales elegidos son la transición demográfica y la vulnerabilidad sociodemográfica, a partir de los cuales se identifican perfiles demográficos que representan obstáculos para la mejora de las condiciones de vida (Torrado, 1995; Rodríguez Vignoli, 2001; CEPAL, 2002a y 2002b). A partir de proyecciones de la (...) población y registros de estadísticas vitales (nacimientos y defunciones), se calculan indicadores de mortalidad (esperanza de vida al nacimiento, mortalidad infantil y materna) y fecundidad (tasa global y tasa de fecundidad adolescente), para 1997 y cada año calendario del período 2001-2016. La principal contribución a los estudios de población es el cálculo y análisis de indicadores demográficos anuales, ya que el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos sólo publica indicadores de fecundidad y mortalidad provinciales cada diez años, con cada censo de población.Los resultados muestran una evolución positiva de los indicadores demográficos en el país, desde 1997 y luego de la crisis socioeconómica de 2001-2002, aunque con persistencia de las brechas estructurales entre regiones. La esperanza de vida ha crecido en todas las jurisdicciones hasta 2015, cuando comienza a descender en todo el país. La mortalidad infantil disminuye rápidamente en todo el país, particularmente en las provincias más rezagadas. La mortalidad materna se ha reducido claramente en las poblaciones más rezagadas y se muestra inestable en las más avanzadas.La fecundidad general desciende suavemente; la fecundidad adolescente sólo disminuye en las provincias con mayores tasas.El avance en la transición demográfica en Argentina coexiste con situaciones de vulnerabilidad social en todo el país, especialmente en el noreste. Se advierte la sensibilidad de la mortalidad a las crisis económicas experimentadas desde 2008. (shrink)

Reseña de la obra de Rodríguez González, Mariano: _Filosofía de la Mente_. Madrid: Ediciones Complutense, 2021, pp. 287.

"La teoría nietzscheana del conocimiento", de Mariano Rodríguez González, pretende acercar a todos los interesados en la filosofía de Nietzsche, que cambió el rumbo de Occidente. Este libro posibilita adentrarse en los temas más relevantes que trató durante toda su vida. La verdad, la metáfora, el arte y, por supuesto, el conocimiento serán presentados en este texto con una frescura y pasión que abren nuevas vías de interpretación a la filosofía nietzscheana.