Bioethics

ISSN: 0269-9702

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  1.  4
    Attitudes, intentions and procreative responsibility in current and future assisted reproduction.Davide Battisti - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):449-461.
    Procreative obligations are often discussed by evaluating only the consequences of reproductive actions or omissions; less attention is paid to the moral role of intentions and attitudes. In this paper, I assess whether intentions and attitudes can contribute to defining our moral obligations with regard to assisted reproductive technologies already available, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), and those that may be available in future, such as reproductive genome editing and ectogenesis, in a way compatible with person-affecting constraints. I propose (...)
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  2.  2
    Fast‐tracking development and regulatory approval of COVID‐19 vaccines in the EU: A review of ethical implications. [REVIEW]Giorgia Beretta & Luca Marelli - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):498-507.
    The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide has triggered intense activity in the field of biotechnology, leading to the development and regulatory approval of multiple COVID-19 vaccines in less than 1 year while raising sustained scrutiny as to the ethical issues associated with this process. This article pursues a twofold objective. First, it reconstructs and provides a thorough overview of the different steps, from clinical trial design to regulatory procedures, underpinning the “fast-tracking” of COVID-19 vaccine R&D and approval. Second, drawing on (...)
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  3.  5
    Contraception is not a reductio of Marquis.Bruce P. Blackshaw - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):508-510.
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  4.  3
    Mental health awareness.Ruth Chadwick - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):423-423.
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  5.  3
    The ethics of precision health.Jill B. Delston - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):440-448.
    In this paper, I defend an account of the ethics of precision medicine that can explain both its possibilities and limits. Creating a new conceptual and normative model of the ethics of precision health can ensure that good medicine is also excellent and that excellent medicine is also good by providing a resource to scientists and clinicians. First, I propose a new conceptual analysis of precision health. I argue that precision health is defined primarily by targeted medical interventions and not (...)
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  6.  2
    Ethical perspectives on femtech: Moving from concerns to capability‐sensitive designs.Naomi Jacobs & Jenneke Evers - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):430-439.
    Femtech is the collective name for technologies that address female health needs. Femtech applications can help women digitally track their period, manage their fertility, and support their pregnancy. Although femtech has beneficial potential, there are various ethical concerns to be raised with current femtech apps. In this article, we discuss three of the main ethical concerns with femtech apps regarding (1) medical reliability, (2) privacy, and (3) gender stereotyping and epistemic injustice, and we explore how Capability Sensitive Design, a novel (...)
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  7.  54
    Involuntary childlessness: Lessons from interactionist and ecological approaches to disability.Ji-Young Lee - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):462-469.
    Because many involuntarily childless people have equal interests in benefitting from assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization as a mode of treatment, we have normative reasons to ensure inclusive access to such interventions for as many of these people as is reasonable and possible. However, the prevailing eligibility criterion for access to assisted reproductive technologies—'infertility'—is inadequate to serve the goal of inclusive access. This is because the prevailing frameworks of infertility, which include medical and social infertility, fail to precisely (...)
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  8.  2
    Artificial intelligence and the doctor–patient relationship expanding the paradigm of shared decision making.Giorgia Lorenzini, Laura Arbelaez Ossa, David Martin Shaw & Bernice Simone Elger - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):424-429.
    Artificial intelligence (AI) based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are becoming ever more widespread in healthcare and could play an important role in diagnostic and treatment processes. For this reason, AI-based CDSS has an impact on the doctor–patient relationship, shaping their decisions with its suggestions. We may be on the verge of a paradigm shift, where the doctor–patient relationship is no longer a dual relationship, but a triad. This paper analyses the role of AI-based CDSS for shared decision-making to better (...)
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  9.  3
    Trustworthiness as information: Satisfying the understanding condition of valid consent.Robert K. Martin - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):478-488.
    Within medical ethics, there is widespread agreement that morally valid consent includes an understanding condition. Disagreement centers on what is meant by that understanding condition. Tom Dougherty proposed that this understanding condition should be divided into the two mutually exclusive categories of descriptive information and contextual information. Further, Dougherty argues that each type of information is necessary to satisfy the understanding condition. In contrast, I argue that when the deontic aspect of valid consent is in view, each type of information (...)
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  10.  13
    Conspiracy theories and clinical decision‐making.Nathan Stout - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):470-477.
    When a patient's treatment decisions are the product of delusion, this is often taken as a paradigmatic case of undermined decisional capacity. That is to say, when a patient refuses treatment on the basis of beliefs that in no way reflect reality, clinicians and ethicists tend to agree that their refusal is not valid. During the COVID-19 pandemic, however, we have witnessed many patients refuse potentially life-saving interventions not based on delusion but on conspiracy beliefs. Importantly, many of the beliefs (...)
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  11.  2
    The ethical significance of consent to postmortem organ retrieval.Paweł Łuków - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (5):489-497.
    Supporters of opt-in organ procurement policies typically claim that the absence of consent to postmortem transplantable organ retrieval is a normative barrier to such retrieval. On this ground, justification of opt-out policies is demanded. The paper shows that postmortem organ retrieval is normatively different from live organ removal, and so the doctrine of informed consent does not apply to it in the way it does in other types of cases. First, seen as the instrument of protection of autonomy or the (...)
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  12.  3
    Is suffering a sufficient legitimation for UTx?Claudia Bozzaro, Melanie Weismann, Anna Maria Westermann & Ibrahim Alkatout - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):350-358.
    Uterus transplantation is a relatively new intervention. A woman with absolute uterine factor infertility receives, by a surgical procedure, a transplanted uterus, most often by living donation. The uterus recipient may thus become pregnant and conceive her own child. As with any other medical treatment, UTx requires legitimation. The anticipated benefits must outweigh the risks of the medical intervention. The risks and benefits of UTx are by no means unequivocal and cannot be easily determined. The benefits depend on the final (...)
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  13.  5
    Future‐like‐ours as a metaphysical reductio ad absurdum argument of personal identity.Tomer Jordi Chaffer - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):367-373.
    Don Marquis' future-like-ours account is regarded as the best secular anti-abortion position because he frames abortion as a wrongful killing via deprivation of a valuable future. Marquis objects to the reductio ad absurdum of contraception as being immoral because it is too difficult to identify an individual that is deprived of a future. To demonstrate why Marquis’ treatment of the contraception reductio is flawed by his own future-like-ours line of reasoning, I offer an argument for why there is indeed a (...)
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  14.  4
    Ethical challenges in the prioritization of elective care in pandemic settings: On the significance of time‐sensitive scoring.Sarah Diner, Manuel Ritter & Mariacarla Gadebusch Bondio - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):343-349.
    In times of ongoing resource shortages, appropriate evaluation criteria are crucial for the ethical prioritization of medical care. While the use of scoring models as tools for prioritization is widespread, they are barely discussed in the medical-ethical discourse in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time, the challenge of providing care for patients in need has promoted consequentialist reasoning. In this light, we advocate for the integration of time- and context-sensitive scoring (TCsS) models in prioritization policies that foster (...)
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  15.  7
    How should severity be understood in the context of reproductive genetic carrier screening?Lisa Dive, Alison D. Archibald, Lucinda Freeman & Ainsley J. Newson - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):359-366.
    Reproductive genetic carrier screening provides information about people's chance of having children with certain genetic conditions. Severity of genetic conditions is an important criterion for their inclusion in carrier screening programmes. However, the concept of severity is conceptually complex and underspecified. We analyse why severity is an important concept in carrier screening and for reproductive decision-making and show that assessments of severity can also have normative societal implications. While some genetic conditions are unambiguously associated with a high degree of suffering, (...)
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  16.  9
    The Cambridge handbook of the ethics of ageing, edited by, C. S.Wareham. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 380 pp. ISBN 9781108817042.£ 26.99 (Paperback). [REVIEW]Hans-Jörg Ehni - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):416-418.
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  17.  3
    Bioethics and the thorny question of diversity: The example of Qatar‐based institutions hosting the World Congress of Bioethics 2024.Mohammed Ghaly, Maha El Akoum & Sultana Afdhal - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):326-330.
    In 2022, the Research Center for Islamic Legislation & Ethics (CILE) and the World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH) submitted a proposal to host the 17th edition of the World Congress of Bioethics. After announcing that the CILE-WISH proposal was the winning bid, concerns were raised by bioethicists based in Europe and the USA. To address these concerns, the International Association of Bioethics (IAB) developed a dedicated FAQ section, in coordination with the host institutions, for the first time in IAB (...)
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  18.  10
    The ethics of COVID‐19 vaccine mandates for healthcare workers: Public health and clinical perspectives.Rachel Gur-Arie, Brian Hutler & Justin Bernstein - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):331-342.
    COVID-19 vaccine uptake among healthcare workers (HCWs) remains of significant public health concern due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, many healthcare institutions are considering or have implemented COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs. We assess defenses of COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs from both public health and professional ethics perspectives. We consider public health values, professional obligations of HCWs, and the institutional failures in healthcare throughout the COVID-19 pandemic which have impacted the lived experiences of HCWs. We argue (...)
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  19.  2
    The ethics of bioethics conferencing in Qatar.Nancy S. Jecker & Vardit Ravitsky - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):323-325.
    In 2022, the International Association of Bioethics (IAB) announced that the 17th World Congress of Bioethics would be held in Doha, Qatar. In response to ethical concerns expressed about the Qatar selection, the IAB Board of Directors developed and posted to the IAB website a response using a Q&A format. In this Letter, we (the IAB President and Vice President) address concerns about the ethics of bioethics conferencing raised in a 2023 Letter to the Editor of Bioethics by Van der (...)
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  20.  3
    The promises and limitations of codes of medical ethics as instruments of policy change.Ana Komparic, Patrick Garon-Sayegh & Cécile M. Bensimon - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):406-415.
    Codes of medical ethics (codes) are part of a longstanding tradition in which physicians publicly state their core values and commitments to patients, peers, and the public. However, codes are not static. Using the historical evolution of the Canadian Medical Association's Code of Ethics as an illustrative case, we argue that codes are living, socio-historically situated documents that comprise a mix of prescriptive and aspirational content. Reflecting their socio-historical situation, we can expect the upheaval of the COVID-19 pandemic to prompt (...)
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  21.  4
    Why caregivers have no autonomy‐based reason to respect advance directives in dementia care.Sigurd Lauridsen, Anna P. Folker & Martin M. Andersen - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):399-405.
    Advance directives (ADs) have for some time been championed by ethicists and patient associations alike as a tool that people newly diagnosed with dementia, or prior to onset, may use to ensure that their future care and treatment are organized in accordance with their interests. The idea is that autonomous people, not yet neurologically affected by dementia, can design directives for their future care that caregivers are morally obligated to respect because they have been designed by autonomous individuals. In this (...)
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  22.  2
    Bioethics reenvisioned: A path towards health justiceKing, Nancy M. P., Henderson, Gail E., Churchill, Larry R.Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2022. 214 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐4696‐7159‐8. $99.00. (Hardback). [REVIEW]Zohar Lederman - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):419-420.
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  23.  4
    Procreative Justice and genetic selection for skin colour.Herjeet Kaur Marway - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):389-398.
    Should nonprejudiced reproducers genetically select embryos for light skin under background conditions of racism and colourism, given that darker skin will be disadvantageous for their child? Many intuit that there are strong moral reasons not to select light skin in these contexts. I argue that existing procreative principles cannot adequately account for this judgement. Instead, I argue that a more compelling rationale for this intuition is that such selection completes an instance of race or colour injustice. Given this, I propose (...)
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  24.  1
    Respecting relational agency in the context of vulnerability: What can research ethics learn from the social sciences?Jennifer Roest, Busisiwe Nkosi, Janet Seeley, Sassy Molyneux & Maureen Kelley - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):379-388.
    Despite advances in theory, often driven by feminist ethicists, research ethics struggles in practice to adequately account for and respond to the agency and autonomy of people considered vulnerable in the research context. We argue that shifts within feminist research ethics scholarship to better characterise and respond to autonomy and agency can be bolstered by further grounding in discourses from the social sciences, in work that confirms the complex nature of human agency in contexts of structural and other sources of (...)
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  25.  6
    Autonomy to a fault: The confluence of organ donation, euthanasia, and the dead donor rule.Jonah Rubin - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):374-378.
    Five countries now permit organ donation after euthanasia, on the basis of respecting donor autonomy. Some now openly consider performing euthanasia itself via organ extraction to better preserve organ viability, albeit in violation of the dead donor rule. Proponents argue that respect for patient autonomy requires this option; the dead donor rule is inapplicable since it fulfills donors’ wishes. Other ethical arguments, not addressed herein, explore issues including dying at home, impact on clinicians, and societal faith in donation enterprise, but (...)
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  26.  6
    World Congress of Bioethics in Qatar raises ethical questions.Udo Schuklenk - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):317-318.
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  27.  5
    The ethics of ethics conferences: Is Qatar a desirable location for a bioethics conference?Rieke van der Graaf, Karin Jongsma, Suzanne van de Vathorst, Martine de Vries & Ineke Bolt - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (4):319-322.
    The next World Congress of Bioethics will be held in Doha, Qatar. Although this location provides opportunities to interact with a more culturally diverse audience, to advance dialogue between cultures and religions, offer opportunities for mutual learning, there are also huge moral concerns. Qatar is known for violations of human rights - including the treatment of migrant workers and the rights of women - corruption, criminalization of LGBTQI+ persons, and climate impact. Since these concerns are also key (bio)ethical concern we (...)
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  28.  3
    All research that might result in a pandemic must undergo external review.Nir Eyal - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (3):223-225.
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  29. Maternal Autonomy and Prenatal Harm.Nathan Robert Howard - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (3):246-255.
    Inflicting harm is generally preferable to inflicting death. If you must choose between the two, you should generally choose to harm. But prenatal harm seems different. If a mother must choose between harming her fetus or aborting it, she may choose either, at least in many cases. So it seems that prenatal harm is particularly objectionable, sometimes on a par with death. This paper offers an explanation of why prenatal harm seems particularly objectionable by drawing an analogy to the all-or-nothing (...)
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  30.  91
    Healthspan extension, completeness of life and justice.Michal Masny - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (3):239-245.
    Recent progress in geroscience holds the promise of significantly slowing down or even reversing ageing and age-related diseases, and thus increasing our healthspans. In this paper, I offer a novel argument in favour of developing such technology and making it unconditionally available to everyone. In particular, I argue that justice requires that each person be provided with sufficient opportunities to have a ‘complete life’, that many people currently lack such opportunities, and that we would substantially improve the status quo by (...)
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  31.  2
    The right to a second opinion on Artificial Intelligence diagnosis—Remedying the inadequacy of a risk‐based regulation.Thomas Ploug & Søren Holm - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (3):303-311.
    In this paper, we argue that patients who are subjects of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-supported diagnosis and treatment planning should have a right to a second opinion, but also that this right should not necessarily be construed as a right to a physician opinion. The right to a second opinion could potentially be satisfied by another independent AI system. Our considerations on the right to second opinion are embedded in the wider debate on different approaches to the regulation of AI, and (...)
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  32.  10
    Patient autonomy and withholding information.Melissa Rees - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (3):256-264.
    Disclosure in clinical practice is aimed at promoting patient autonomy, usually culminating in patient choice (e.g., to consent to an operation or not, or between different medications). In medical ethics, there is an implicit background assumption that knowing more about (X) automatically translates to greater, or more genuine, autonomy with respect to one's choices involving (X). I challenge this assumption by arguing that in rare cases, withholding information can promote a patient's autonomy (understood as the capacity for rational choice in (...)
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  33.  13
    Why I am still not convinced heartbeat bills are defensible.Joshua Shaw - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (3):312-313.
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  34.  6
    Rewriting the genetic bond: Gene editing and our understanding of genetic parenthood.Shelly Simana & Vardit Ravitsky - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (3):265-274.
    One of the most prominent justifications for the use of germline gene editing (GGE) is that it would allow parents to have a “genetically related child” while preventing the transmission of genetic disorders. However, we argue that since future uses of GGE may involve large-scale genetic modifications, they may affect the genetic relatedness between parents and offspring in a meaningful way: Due to certain genetic modifications, children may inherit much less than 50% of their DNA from each parent. We show (...)
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  35.  10
    Equity and COVID‐19 treatment allocation: A questionable criterion.Eric Vogelstein & Guha Krishnamurthi - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (3):226-238.
    Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a controversial criterion for allocating scarce medical treatment has been defended and incorporated into policy: the criterion of equity. Equity-included allocation schemes prioritize, to some degree, patients from marginalized or historically disadvantaged racial/ethnic groups, or patients with low socioeconomic status, for scarce treatment. The use of such criteria has been most prominently defended in two ways: (1) as reflecting a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and thus as a way of tracking medical need, (...)
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  36.  3
    Moving beyond the moral status of organoid‐entities.Andrew J. Barnhart & Kris Dierickx - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):103-110.
    Ethical deliberations are unfolding for potentially controversial organoid-entities such as brain organoids and embryoids. Much of the ethical deliberation centers on the questionable moral status of such organoid-entities. However, while such work is important and appropriate, ethical deliberations may become too exclusively rooted in moral status and potentially overshadow other relevant moral dilemmas. The ethical discussion on organoid models can benefit from insights brought forth by both Judith Jarvis Thomson and Don Marquis in how they attempted to advance the abortion (...)
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  37.  10
    Are heartbeat bills ethically defensible?Bruce Blackshaw - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):219-220.
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  38.  20
    Pharmacological cognitive enhancement and the value of achievements: An intervention.Emma C. Gordon & Rebecca J. Willis - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):130-134.
    Pharmacological cognitive enhancements nontherapeutically improve cognitive functioning, though recent critics have challenged their use by claiming that cognitive success, aided by the use of cognitive enhancement, is less valuable than otherwise. We criticize two recent responses to this objection, due to Carter and Pritchard and Wang, and propose a different response on behalf of proponents of cognitive enhancement that is shown to be more promising.
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  39.  4
    Response to the ISSCR guidelines on human–animal chimera research.Julian J. Koplin - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):192-198.
    The International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) has recently released the 2021 update of its guidelines. The update includes detailed new recommendations on human–animal chimera research. This paper argues that the ISSCR recommendations fail to address the core ethical concerns raised by neurological chimeras—namely, concerns about moral status. In minimising moral status concerns, the ISSCR both breaks rank with other major reports on human–animal chimera research and rely on controversial claims about the grounds of moral status that many people (...)
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  40.  11
    Future minds are not a challenge to anti‐natalism: A reply to Gould.Kirk Lougheed - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):208-213.
    Deke Caiñas Gould (2021) argues that the possibility of future non-human-like minds who are not harmed by coming into existence poses a challenge to David Benatar's well-known Asymmetry Argument for anti-natalism. Since the good of these future minds has the potential to outweigh the current harms of human existence, they can be appealed to in order to justify procreation. I argue that Gould's argument rests on a fundamental misunderstanding of Benatar's argument. According to the Asymmetry Argument, if a person experiences (...)
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  41.  6
    Resistance in health and healthcare: Applying Essex conceptualisation to a multiphased study on the experiences of Australian nurses and midwives who provide abortion care to people victimised by gender‐based violence.Lydia Mainey, Cathy O'Mullan & Kerry Reid-Searl - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):199-207.
    In this article, we explore the act of resistance by nurses and midwives at the nexus of abortion care and gender-based violence. We commence with a brief overview of a multiphased extended grounded theory doctoral project that analysed the individual, situational and socio-political experiences of Australian nurses and midwives who provide abortion care to people victimised by gender-based violence. We then turn to Essex's conceptualisation of resistance in health and healthcare and draw upon these concepts to tell a unifying and (...)
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  42.  3
    Resistance in health and healthcare: Applying Essex conceptualisation to a multiphased study on the experiences of Australian nurses and midwives who provide abortion care to people victimised by gender‐based violence.Lydia Mainey, Cathy O'Mullan & Kerry Reid-Searl - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):199-207.
    In this article, we explore the act of resistance by nurses and midwives at the nexus of abortion care and gender-based violence. We commence with a brief overview of a multiphased extended grounded theory doctoral project that analysed the individual, situational and socio-political experiences of Australian nurses and midwives who provide abortion care to people victimised by gender-based violence. We then turn to Essex's conceptualisation of resistance in health and healthcare and draw upon these concepts to tell a unifying and (...)
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  43.  7
    International perspectives on end‐of‐life law reform: Politics, persuasion, and persistence (bioethics and law). Ben P.White and LindyWillmott (Eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. 282 pp. ISBN 9781108489775. £85.00. (Hardback). [REVIEW]Nataly Papadopoulou - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):217-218.
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  44.  5
    Biobanking of human biological material and the principle of noncommercialisation of the human body and its parts.Joanna Pawlikowska, Jakub Pawlikowski & Dorota Krekora-Zając - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):154-164.
    The prohibition of commercialisation of the human body and its parts is not applied consistently and suffers from many exceptions in the human biological material (HBM) market. Examples include the possibility of patenting certain HBM-derived products and their commercial marketing or payments for blood donations. Thus, the current practice of marketing HBM-derived products makes the altruistic donor most vulnerable to exploitation while being deprived of benefits. There seem to be two ways to improve this state of affairs. The first is (...)
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  45.  5
    Critique of autonomy‐based arguments against legalising assisted dying.Thomas Søbirk Petersen & Morten Dige - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):165-170.
    The aim of this article is to present and critically investigate a type of argument against legalising assisted dying on request (ADR) for patients who are terminally ill and experiencing suffering. This type of argument has several variants. These—which we call ‘autonomy-based arguments’ against legalising ADR—invoke different specifications of the premise that we ought not to respect requests for assistance in dying made by terminally ill and suffering patients because the basic conditions of autonomy cannot be met in scenarios where (...)
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  46.  4
    Importance of decisional capacity tools in obtaining informed consent in clinical settings.Miroslav Radenković - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):146-153.
    Informed consent represents a specific protocol for obtaining consent from a fully informed human subject to take part in clinical research. Still, informed consent is not only required for clinical trials but it also represents a critical precondition before enrolment in standard everyday medical procedures. Relevant fundamental criteria for obtaining informed consent must be followed, and that is that patient must have the decisional capacity to reach autonomous decision. The patient must be adequately informed and not coerced. Evaluating decisional capacity (...)
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  47. Sexual loneliness: A neglected public health problem?Joona Räsänen - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):101-102.
  48.  7
    Book Review: The Ethics of Uncertainty: Entangled ethical and epistemic risks in disorders of consciousnessJohnson, L. Syd M.Oxford: OUP, 2022. 284pp. ISBN 9780190943646. $90. (Hardback). [REVIEW]Adina L. Roskies - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):214-216.
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  49.  4
    Being a patient among other patients: Refugees' political inclusion through the Austrian solidarity‐based healthcare system.Wanda Spahl - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):120-129.
    This paper is an empirical study of what solidarity in a Western European healthcare system means today. Drawing upon empirical research on the 2015 refugee cohort's health needs and their health-seeking behaviour, it unites claims from the literature on solidarity in the fields of migration and healthcare. I argue that the Austrian healthcare system not only is an example of ‘civic solidarity’ in the form of institutionalised obligations to citizens but that it also enacts political forms of solidarity and produces (...)
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  50.  5
    Distinguishing appropriate from inappropriate conditions on research participation.Robert Steel & David Wendler - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):135-145.
    Individuals do not have a right to participate in clinical trials. But, they do have a right against being denied participation for inappropriate reasons. Despite the widespread endorsement of these two claims, there has been little discussion regarding which conditions for participation in clinical trials are appropriate and which are inappropriate. The present manuscript attempts to address this gap in the literature. We first describe and then argue against the claim that conditions on enrollment or continued participation are appropriate only (...)
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  51.  5
    Access to effective but expensive treatments: An analysis of the solidarity argument in discussions on funding of medical treatments.Sietske A. L. Till, Jilles Smids & Eline M. Bunnik - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):111-119.
    The development of new effective but expensive medical treatments leads to discussions about whether and how such treatments should be funded in solidarity-based healthcare systems. Solidarity is often seen as an elusive concept; it appears to be used to refer to different sets of concerns, and its interrelations with the concept of justice are not well understood. This paper provides a conceptual analysis of the concept of solidarity as it is used in discussions on the allocation of healthcare resources and (...)
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    Access to effective but expensive treatments: An analysis of the solidarity argument in discussions on funding of medical treatments.Sietske A. L. van Till, Jilles Smids & Eline M. Bunnik - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):111-119.
    The development of new effective but expensive medical treatments leads to discussions about whether and how such treatments should be funded in solidarity-based healthcare systems. Solidarity is often seen as an elusive concept; it appears to be used to refer to different sets of concerns, and its interrelations with the concept of justice are not well understood. This paper provides a conceptual analysis of the concept of solidarity as it is used in discussions on the allocation of healthcare resources and (...)
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  53.  4
    A principle‐based framework for disclosing a psychosis risk diagnosis.Oliver Y. Zhang, Doug McConnell, Adrian Carter & Jonathan Pugh - 2023 - Bioethics 37 (2):171-182.
    In recent decades, researchers have attempted to prospectively identify individuals at high risk of developing psychosis in the hope of delaying or preventing psychosis onset. These psychosis risk individuals are identified as being in an ‘At-Risk Mental State’ (ARMS) through a standardised psychometric interview. However, disclosure of ARMS status has attracted criticism due to concerns about the risk–benefit ratio of disclosure to patients. Only approximately one quarter of ARMS patients develop psychosis after three years, raising concerns about the unnecessary harm (...)
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    Contraception is not a reductio of Marquis.Bruce P. Blackshaw - 2023 - Bioethics 1:1-3.
    Don Marquis’ future-like-ours account argues that abortion is seriously immoral because itdeprives the embryo or fetus of a valuable future much like our own. Marquis was mindful ofcontraception being reductio ad absurdum of his reasoning, and argued that prior tofertilisation, there is not an identifiable subject of harm. Contra Marquis, Tomer Chaffercontends that the ovum is a plausible subject of harm, and therefore contraception deprives theovum of a future-like-ours. In response, I argue that being an identifiable subject of harm is (...)
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