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  1.  34
    (De)constructing ethics for autonomous cars: A case study of Ethics Pen-Testing towards “AI for the Common Good”.Bettina Berendt - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    Recently, many AI researchers and practitioners have embarked on research visions that involve doing AI for “Good”. This is part of a general drive towards infusing AI research and practice with ethical thinking. One frequent theme in current ethical guidelines is the requirement that AI be good for all, or: contribute to the Common Good. But what is the Common Good, and is it enough to want to be good? Via four lead questions, the concept of Ethics Pen-Testing identifies challenges (...)
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  2.  42
    Introduction to AI, Ethics & Society.Jared Bielby, Rachel Fischer & Geoffrey Rockwell - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
  3.  15
    On IRIE Vol. 28.Rafael Capurro - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
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  4.  29
    The Age of Artificial Intelligences: A Personal Reflection.Rafael` Capurro - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    The following paper presents both a historical and personal account of the societal and ethical issues arising in the development of artificial intelligence, tracking, where I was involved, the issues from the nineteen seventies onward. My own involvement in the AI narrative begins with the early discussions around whether machines can think. These first discussions, in time, evolved secondly, with the rise of the internet in the nineties, into perceptions of AI as distributed intelligence, addressing its impact on social structures (...)
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  5.  17
    Privacy and Ethics Are Fundamental to Tech Development.Jill Clayton & Scott Sibbald - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    For years, privacy regulators have said that privacy is good for business. Strong privacy management programs and accountability mechanisms build trust with consumers. In the public sector, privacy regulators have seen massive information sharing projects fail when public input or consultation, or independent oversight is not considered. After a sequence of events in 2018, society as a whole began asking questions about what is being done with personal information and questioned whether it is in our best interests. This presentation made (...)
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  6.  30
    In A Different Code: Artificial Intelligence and The Ethics of Care.Jonathan Cohn - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    The following essay explores the intersection of care with ethical reflections on artificial intelligence. The current debate around AI ethics focuses on questions of moral AI judgment and the general criteria for maximizing the fairness, accountability, and transparency of these judgments. While this discussion is important, it all too often obfuscates the actual purpose and intention behind the use of the algorithmic or AI technology. Where the rationale for developing these technologies focuses on increasing optimization and innovation, concern must be (...)
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  7.  33
    Trust and Reputation in the Sharing Economy: Toward a Peer-to-Peer Ethics.Soraj Hongladarom - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    The sharing economy and peer-to-peer business relationships using information technology has become moreimportant in today’s world. For the sharing economy to work, however, trust and reputation are cruciallyimportant. I argue that the gathering of personal data needs to be accompanied by safeguards providing aguarantee of privacy rights. This argument will be based on a sketch of a theory called ‘peer-to-peer ethics.’Basically, the idea is that what constitutes the ground for normativity is something that is agreed upon byeveryone involved. In short, (...)
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  8.  57
    AI and Ethics: Shedding Light on the Black Box.Katrina Ingram - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    Artificial Intelligence is playing an increasingly prevalent role in our lives. Whether its landing a job interview, getting a bank loan or accessing a government program, organizations are using automated systems informed by AI enabled technologies in ways that have significant consequences for people. At the same time, there is a lack of transparency around how AI technologies work and whether they are ethical, fair or accurate. This paper examines a body of literature related to the ethical considerations surrounding the (...)
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  9.  19
    Student Centeredness as Innovation.Donald Ipperciel - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    This article explores how a focus on ‘student centeredness’ can lead to ‘innovation’ and how innovation can enhance student centeredness. Putting students at the centre of all considerations can unleash their creative and innovative potential. And recent innovations have made it easier to make students the focal point of service delivery. After a description of what we understand under these two guiding concepts, a case study is presented in which an AI-powered Student Virtual Assistant was developed at York University in (...)
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  10. Technological Displacement and the Duty to Increase Living Standards: from Left to Right.Howard Nye - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28:1-16.
    Many economists have argued convincingly that automated systems employing present-day artificial intelligence have already caused massive technological displacement, which has led to stagnant real wages, fewer middle- income jobs, and increased economic inequality in developed countries like Canada and the United States. To address this problem various individuals have proposed measures to increase workers’ living standards, including the adoption of a universal basic income, increased public investment in education, increased minimum wages, increased worker control of firms, and investment in a (...)
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  11.  21
    Privacy concerns in educational data mining and learning analytics.Isak Potgieter - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    Education at all levels is increasingly augmented and enhanced by data mining and analytics, catalysed by the growing prevalence of automated distance learning. With an unprecedented capacity to scale both horizontally and vertically, data mining and analytics are set to be a transformative part of the future of education. We reflect on the assumptions behind data mining and the potential consequences of learning analytics, with reference to an issue brief prepared for the U.S. Department of Education entitled Enhancing Teaching and (...)
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  12.  26
    Development Practices of Trusted AI Systems among Canadian Data Scientists.Jinnie Shin, Okan Bulut & Mark J. Gierl - 2020 - International Review of Information Ethics 28.
    The introduction of Artificial Intelligence systems has demonstrated impeccable potential and benefits to enhance the decision-making processes in our society. However, despite the successful performance of AI systems to date, skepticism and concern remain regarding whether AI systems could form a trusting relationship with human users. Developing trusted AI systems requires careful consideration and evaluation of its reproducibility, interpretability, and fairness, which in in turn, poses increased expectations and responsibilities for data scientists. Therefore, the current study focused on understanding Canadian (...)
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