Ethics and International Affairs

ISSNs: 0892-6794, 1747-7093

20 found

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  1.  6
    The Ethics of Economic Espionage.Ross W. Bellaby - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):116-133.
    The ethical value of intelligence lies in its crucial role in safeguarding individuals from harm by detecting, locating, and preventing threats. As part of this undertaking, intelligence can include protecting the economic well-being of the political community and its people. Intelligence, however, also entails causing people harm when it violates their vital interests through its operations. The challenge, therefore, is how to reconcile this tension, which Cécile Fabre's recent book Spying through a Glass Darkly does by arguing for the “ongoing (...)
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  2.  2
    The Wealth of Refugees: How Displaced People Can Build Economies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021), Alexander Betts, 448 pp., cloth $25.95, eBook $17.99. [REVIEW]Brad K. Blitz - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):247-249.
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  3.  3
    Multilateralism and the Global Co-Responsibility of Care in Times of a Pandemic: The Legal Duty to Cooperate.Thana C. de Campos-Rudinsky - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):206-231.
    This article challenges the orthodox view of international law, according to which states have no legal duty to cooperate. It argues for this legal duty in the context of COVID-19, based on the ethical principles of solidarity, stewardship, and subsidiarity. More specifically, the article argues that states have a legal duty to cooperate during a pandemic (as solidarity requires); and while this duty entails an extraterritorial responsibility to care for and assist other nations (as stewardship requires), the legal duty to (...)
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  4.  4
    Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Informer: Revisiting the Ethics of Espionage in the Context of Insurgencies and New Wars.Ron Dudai - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):134-146.
    This essay starts by accepting Cécile Fabre's argument in her book Spying through a Glass Darkly that intelligence work, including using incentives and pressures to encourage betrayal and treason, can be morally justified based on the criteria of necessity, effectiveness, and proportionality. However, while assessments of spying tend to be based on Cold War notions, I explore it here in the messier reality of counterinsurgency, counterterrorism, and “new wars.” In addition, I suggest a methodological expansion: adding a sociological perspective to (...)
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  5.  3
    Facial Recognition in War Contexts: Mass Surveillance and Mass Atrocity.Juan Espindola - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):177-192.
    The use of facial recognition technology (FRT) as a form of intelligence has recently made a prominent public appearance in the theater of war. During the early months of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian authorities relied on FRT as part of the country's defensive activities, harnessing the technology for a variety of purposes, such as unveiling covert Russian agents operating amid the Ukrainian population; revealing the identity of Russian soldiers who committed war crimes; and even identifying dead Russian soldiers. This (...)
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  6.  3
    Introduction: Probing the Limits of Ethical Espionage.Juan Espindola - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):113-115.
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  7.  6
    Reply to Critics.Cécile Fabre - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):193-205.
    A normative defense of espionage and counterintelligence activities in the service of foreign policy goals must show at least two things. First, it must show which foreign policy goals, if any, provide a justification for such activities. Second, it must provide an account of the means that intelligence agencies are morally permitted, indeed morally obliged, to use during those activities. I first discuss Ross Bellaby's probing critique of my defense of economic espionage. I then turn to the other four essays, (...)
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  8.  3
    Technology in Espionage and Counterintelligence: Some Cautionary Lessons from Armed Conflict.Alex Leveringhaus - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):147-160.
    This essay contends that the ethics around the use of spy technology to gather intelligence (TECHINT) during espionage and counterintelligence operations is ambiguous. To build this argument, the essay critically scrutinizes Cécile Fabre's recent and excellent book Spying through a Glass Darkly, which argues that there are no ethical differences between the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) obtained from or by human assets and TECHINT in these operations. As the essay explains, Fabre arrives at this position by treating TECHINT as (...)
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  9.  3
    Cyber Intelligence and Influence: In Defense of “Cyber Manipulation Operations” to Parry Atrocities.Rhiannon Neilsen - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):161-176.
    Intelligence operations overwhelmingly focus on obtaining secrets (espionage) and the unauthorized disclosure of secrets by a public official in one political community to another (treason). It is generally understood that the principal responsibility of spies is to successfully procure secrets about the enemy. Yet, in this essay, I ask: Are spies and traitors ethically justified in using cyber operations not merely to acquire secrets (cyber espionage) but also to covertly manipulate or falsify information (cyber manipulation) to prevent atrocities? I suggest (...)
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  10.  4
    Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Judgment.Zeynep Pamuk - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):232-243.
    Will existing forms of artificial intelligence (AI) lead to genuine intelligence? How is AI changing our society and politics? This essay examines the answers to these questions in Brian Cantwell Smith's The Promise of Artificial Intelligence and Mark Coeckelbergh's The Political Philosophy of AI with a focus on their central concern with judgment—whether AI can possess judgment and how developments in AI are affecting human judgment. First, I argue that the existentialist conception of judgment that Smith defends is highly idealized. (...)
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  11. Vigilantes beyond Borders: NGOs as Enforcers of International Law, Mette Eilstrup-Sangiovanni and J. C. Sharman (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2022), 248 pp., cloth $99.95, paperback $29.95, eBook $29.95. [REVIEW]Hans Peter Schmitz - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (2):244-246.
  12.  3
    Can Technology Democratize Finance?Nick Bernards - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (1):81-95.
    This essay reviews two recent books—Marion Laboure and Nicolas Deffrennes's Democratizing Finance and Eswar S. Prasad's The Future of Money—on financial technology (fintech) and the future of money. Both books present overviews of recent developments in fintech and assess the prospects of technological change to deliver a more accessible, equitable financial system—described in both cases as the “democratization of finance.” I raise two key concerns about the limits of the “democratization” implied here. First, the vision of democratized finance implicit in (...)
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  13.  10
    Ecocide, the Anthropocene, and the International Criminal Court.Adam Branch & Liana Minkova - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (1):51-79.
    The recent proposal by the Independent Expert Panel of the Stop Ecocide initiative to include the crime of ecocide in the International Criminal Court's Rome Statute has raised expectations for preventing and remedying severe environmental harm through international prosecution. As alluring as this image is, we argue that ecocide prosecutions may be the most difficult, perhaps even impossible, in precisely the cases that the ICC would need to be concerned with; namely, the gravest global incidents of environmental harm, including those (...)
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  14.  5
    War: A Genealogy of Western Ideas and Practices, Beatrice Heuser (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022), 448 pp., cloth $45, eBook $44.99. [REVIEW]Jennifer Kling - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (1):99-102.
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  15.  4
    Making Space for Justice: Social Movements, Collective Imagination, and Political Hope, Michele Moody-Adams (New York: Columbia University Press, 2022), 328 pp., cloth $120, paperback $28, eBook $27.99. [REVIEW]Johanna C. Luttrell - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (1):102-105.
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  16.  8
    Nuclear Ethics Revisited.Joseph S. Nye - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (1):5-17.
    Scott Sagan asked me to revisit Nuclear Ethics, a book I published in 1986, in light of current developments in world affairs. In doing so, I found that much had changed but the basic usability paradox of nuclear deterrence remains the same. As do the ethical dilemmas. To deter, there must be some prospect of use, but easy usability could produce highly immoral consequences. Some risk is unavoidable and the moral task is how best to lower it. Nuclear weapons pose (...)
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  17.  1
    Ascending Order: Rising Powers and the Politics of Status in International Institutions, Rohan Mukherjee (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2022), 280 pp., cloth $99.99, eBook $99.99. [REVIEW]John G. Oates - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (1):97-99.
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  18.  3
    The Myth of “Just” Nuclear Deterrence: Time for a New Strategy to Protect Humanity from Existential Nuclear Risk.Joan Rohlfing - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (1):39-49.
    Nuclear weapons are different from every other type of weapons technology. Their awesome destructive potential and the unparalleled consequences of their use oblige us to think critically about the ethics of nuclear possession, planning, and use. Joe Nye has given the ethics of nuclear weapons deep consideration. He posits that we have a basic moral obligation to future generations to preserve roughly equal access to important values, including equal chances of survival, and proposes criteria for achieving conditional or “just deterrence” (...)
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  19.  10
    Just and Unjust Nuclear Deterrence.Scott D. Sagan - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (1):19-28.
    In this essay, I propose five principles to make U.S. nuclear deterrence policy more just and effective in the future: sever the link between the mass killing of innocent civilians and nuclear deterrence by focusing targeting on adversaries’ military power and senior political leadership, not their population; never use or plan to use a nuclear weapon against any target that could be destroyed or neutralized by conventional weapons; reject “belligerent reprisal” threats against civilians even in response to enemy attacks on (...)
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  20.  8
    The Ethics of Choosing Deterrence.Sharon K. Weiner - 2023 - Ethics and International Affairs 37 (1):29-38.
    Any threat to use nuclear weapons inherently carries the possibility of escalation to a level such that both parties in a conflict, and likely many others, would be destroyed. Yet nuclear weapons are also seen as necessary for securing the very things that would be destroyed if the weapons were ever used. The fix for this nuclear dilemma relies on the strategy of deterrence. Deterrence provides a rationale for why nuclear weapons are necessary, even though they may seem dangerous. But (...)
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