The position of Stepan Bandera's theoretical heritage on the main components of the concept of the Ukrainian national liberation struggle is systematized. The study of the provisions of the theoretical works of Stepan Bandera allowed us to state that the author has created a comprehensive vision of the concept of the Ukrainian national liberation struggle on key components. This was confirmed during the study by the existence of a clear ideological basis for the revolutionary liberation struggle, it was proved that (...) Stepan Bandera's conceptual views are based on the principles of positivist-humanistic ideology of human development and society. It is determined that this approach has the appropriate deep scientific, philosophical principles and is supported by meaningful counterbalances to totalitarian ideology. The analysis of the author's theoretical heritage highlights his views on the composition and characteristics of key political actors in the struggle against the totalitarian Soviet regime, identifies his beliefs about the participation of Western countries in this process, proves the value and consistency of Stepan Bandera's predictions Ukraine by imperial Russia. It is proved that the characteristics and classification of the phases of the revolutionary liberation struggle, defined by Stepan Bandera, are formed consistently, taking into account the logic, theory and practice of conducting successful events of a similar type. Successful examples of a well-organized liberation struggle are considered, especially the Finnish experience of statehood and liberation from the USSR by their own national forces. It is determined that the theoretical basis of Stepan Bandera's legacy deserves a separate detailed scientific study of all the problems highlighted by the author in the context of methodological support of the revolutionary liberation struggle. It is established that his concept of implementation of this process, although focused on the Ukrainian reality, but can be considered unified and adapted to the conditions of other countries with similar features of development. The study of the phases of the Ukrainian national revolution shows that the approach to their construction in the theory of the ideologist can act as a universal model of the struggle against totalitarianism and the creation of independence for any republic within the USSR. (shrink)

Most scholars within sociology of education focus on the reproductive function of the education system and on inequalities related to it. Rarely attention is paid to cases which don’t reproduce the class of origin. In particularly to the circumstances under which the class-crossers succeed to make an upward transition and to their life after they enter the upper class. However even P. Bourdieu has actually searched for the mechanisms that could prevent reproduction of social inequality by means of education. This (...) topic remains relevant also in the modern time of equal access to the educational institutions. The problem of reconstruction of exiting social order by educational systems has been not solved yet. It would notably contribute to the reduction of social inequality if we could reconstruct the pattern, that promote/hinder social mobility during the education path. In this article, we analyze the class transition experience of P. Bourdieu and D. Eribon based on their self-analysis and try to integrate a new non-reproduction approach of C. Jaquet in this pattern of social mobility through the education. On the basis of the autobiographical life-stories of mentioned above two sociologists we try to reconstruct the main driving force that has enabled them the way up und also to determine how the life of a class-crosser looks after they succeed the transition. After analyzing the work of P. Bourdieu named “Ein soziologischer Selbstversuch” and the work of D. Eribon named “Rückkehr nach Reim” we could confirm an assumption of C. Jaquet that ambition is the most powerful driving force for social mobility. Moreover, we can conclude that not only a person can be willing to leave the milieu of origin, but that he/she can be just displaced by the milieu. In such a situation he/she is a refugee and is forced to flee. In the most cases of escape and desire to climb up the social ladder such “negative” feelings as shame play a role of a driving force. Besides, the fact of social mobility is usually regarded as an end destination when in fact this transition is a process that never ends but transmutes in new forms. (shrink)

The article describes the descriptive characteristics of demographic and economic factors of state weakening in their multicausal interactions, which is based on the analysis of empirical indicators of state instability of the demographic and economic sphere, proposed by the Peace Foundation and partial logical extrapolation of these indicators to the social reality of Ukraine. As a result of research the following conclusions are formulated. The analysis of the factors of weakening of the state power in Ukraine allows to carry out (...) their conditional hierarchy which will be defined by features of a social-institutional and social-group profile of the Ukrainian society. It is stated that the weakening of state power over the past 5 years can be considered both as the root cause and as a consequence of external influence. At the same time, it was emphasized that the external influence on the functioning of state institutions, the economy, and the mass media took place at the start of Ukrainian independence. It is noted that at the level of a formal constitutional act Ukraine was declared an independent and sovereign state, in social practices one could observe an unspoken restriction of sovereignty by the presence of infiltrated groups of influence of other states in parliament, bodies executive power in general and special services in particular. It is noted that their very presence, on the one hand, was a consequence of the instability of the borders of identity of the political space of Ukraine, its power and information depressurization, on the other hand - the weakness of cultural filters, which was expressed in cult attitude to actors of foreign origin. It is emphasized that these actors of external influence did not have an interest in strengthening Ukrainian statehood, and therefore created a regime of ignorance and silence to solve a number of current problems and crises, from cultural to environmental. It is noted that at the same time, it is impossible to remove some responsibility for maintaining such a regime from ordinary citizens, who, as bearers of Soviet political culture, are accustomed to building relations with the state in the usual paternalistic format. It was stated that the consequences of covert external influence and its ignorance and tacit indulgence by the population were protest movements, which grew into the Orange Revolution of 2005 and the Revolution of Dignity of 2014. Attention is focused on the fact that the "coefficient of usefulness" of these events for Ukrainian society remains quite insignificant. Permanent fragmentation of state power and its delegitimization continue, crisis phenomena in the economy become more complicated and intensified, environmental problems are postponed, however, they steadily affect the creation of discontent groups. It is summarized that all this highlights the need for sociological reflection and implementation of management strategies to overcome the crisis, part of which is a multi-causal study of external influence on Ukraine, which has been the subject of analysis in this article and future publications. (shrink)

Democratic transition from authoritarian rule has been an important focus of scholarly interest since 1970s. The democratic transition literature presented many concepts, theoretical arguments, methodological and analytical approaches to tackle with this phenomenon. This huge academic accumulation came in conjunction with what was called the third wave of democratization which started in the mid-seventies beginning from southern Europe, and extended during the decades of the eighties and nineties to include many countries around the globe. Democratic transition can be defined as (...) a political process of establishing or enlarging the possibility of democratic participation and liberalization. This process reflects the redistribution of power between the state and the civil society. It is accompanied by the appearance of different centers of power and the introduction of the political debate. The article concentrates on the mechanisms which lead to the consensus between political actors which perform this democratic transformation. Democratic transition thus always requires a mechanism of negotiations, political talks, facilitating compromises between authoritarian politicians and democratic opposition and engendering a minimum level of trust between these parties. The strategy of political compromise has a major impact on the stability of society during the democratic transition period. This article addresses the concept of democratic transition alongside with general theories of democratization and the emergence of democratic transition studies. It focuses on some aspects in explaining the democratic transition theory. The negotiations, political talks and their impact on democratic transitions are also explored by the author. The article specifies the ways and methods through which the democratic transition is taking place in the global world. (shrink)

Paper deals with investigation of deconstructive concept of quasi-transcendental in the context of general thematization of transcendental philosophy framework of which deconstruction is thought as a representational version. It was established that quasi-transcendental thinking amounts to such a re-interpretation of theoretical foundation of transcendental discourse in the frame of which moments of critique and hyperbolizing are united. Author brings to light and explores main topics of transcendental thought primarily and foremost subjected to the quasi-transcendental reflection: namely, the problem of relationship (...) between transcendental and empirical and the problem of conditions of possibility. In the first case, an ambivalence of “transcendental-empirical” relation, inherent to transcendental discourse turns out to be sharpened. This relation combines in itself characteristics of opposition and juxtaposition, up to reciprocal conditioning. Transcendental becomes such only with regard to empirical and vise versa. In the second case, questioning on conditions of possibility is reshaped in discourse on conditions of impossibility, which proves to be both critical restriction and hyperbolic extension of the former. Paper shows that development of idea of quasi-transcendental in deconstructive philosophy is an outcome of mutual work of Derrida himself and his eminent commentators. The function and basic senses of concept “quasi”, which it obtains within the scope of deconstructive version of transcendentalism, are determined. In particular, an affinity of Derridian “quasi” with Kantian als ob is ascertained, as well as its connection with both critical attitude and discursive realm of fiction. A peculiarity of concept of ultra-transcendental as variation of notion “quasi-transcendental” is found out. Author explores the relation of quasi-transcendental discourse to empirism and gives reasons for priority of transcendental realm over empirical in Derridian thought. Paper lays bare the relationship of quasi-transcendental thinking with discourse of other, as a fundamental theme of deconstructive philosophy. In sum author claims that importance of the theme of transcendental in deconstructive discourse and personal Derrida’s self-identification as quasi-transcendental philosopher serve as crucial reasons for investigation of deconstructive philosophy as a prominent version of transcendental thinking. (shrink)

In the article, the author analyzes the main sociological approaches to dealing the social problems, their historical development. Social problems are one of the hottest topics of modern society, which requires consideration of sociological science. The topic of social problems gains special significance in the context of social and economic tensions in ukrainian society. Of course, that social problems are not a phenomenon, that is present exclusively in the crisis period, but their worsening and spreading occurs in difficult socio-economic conditions. (...) Therefore, the aim of the article is to analyze the main traditional and modern sociological approaches to understanding social problems. To achieve this goal, a systematic analysis and a comparative-historical method were used. The article considers such sociological approaches to social problems as social pathology, social disorganization, functional and critical approaches, the approach of value conflict, constructionsite approach and the approach of «labelling». Each approach has its own peculiarities of consideration of social problems, that is related with the historical period in which it arose and settled down, and the views of members of a particular sociological approach to social problems. Moreover, considering the basic sociological approaches to understanding social problems, there is a certain evolution of these views. Two sociological groups of approaches to social problems that approach their definition from the objectivist and subjectivist side are substantiated and singled out. Also, the article discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of sociological approaches to dealing the social problems. (shrink)

Universities seeking to provide modern education face a constant need to update their courses. This study was conducted to collect and analyze empirical data to help philosophy course designers consider the views of Ukrainian students about effective ways to learn this subject. A survey was conducted among 40 humanities students and 34 social science students to determine participants’ views on a number of key issues related to the organization of the learning process in the Philosophy course. Most of the students (...) surveyed said that of the types of skills and knowledge that can be acquired during the course, they will find critical thinking skills and the skills needed to build and argue their own positions on ethical, social and worldview issues most valuable in their future professional activities. The majority of respondents named traditional lectures and discussions of lecture videos as their preferred forms of learning philosophy. Their preferred forms of assessment of students’ knowledge and skills in philosophy were essays, as well as reports and participation in the discussion during practical lessons. The study also identified three significant differences in the responses of the surveyed humanities and social science students. First, socio-scientific students valued the opportunity to develop their communication skills in the framework of the Philosophy course significantly more than humanities students. Second, humanities students included thought experiments among the most desirable ways of learning philosophy, unlike social science students, who included case studies. Third, in contrast to humanities students, social science students considered quizzes to be one of the best forms of assessment for the course. In addition to the above, this study also compared the data on the opinions of social sciences and humanities students with the results of the previous survey of 60 STEM students about their thoughts on the course. The comparative analysis revealed five common features and two significant differences in the responses of students from these three fields of knowledge. The common belief among surveyed students in all three groups is that learning philosophy can provide them with the skills and knowledge they will need in their professional activities after graduation from university. Moreover, they prefer skills to knowledge. In all three groups of respondents, a large number of students named critical thinking and argumentation skills as the ultimate achievements in the learning of philosophy. Another finding was that surveyed students from all three groups do not give priority to learning the concepts of modern philosophers over learning the ideas of ancient philosophers. In addition, respondents from all three fields showed the least interest in those forms of knowledge and skills that are difficult to use outside of highly specialized philosophical activities. As for the differences, the study showed that STEM students are significantly less likely to believe that they will need the historico-philosophical components of the Philosophy course in their further professional activities than students in the humanities and social sciences. They are also more interested in developing communicative skills in the process of learning philosophy than the surveyed humanities students. (shrink)

The article considers the problem of using modern means of communication in the field of religion. This topic has become extremely relevant today, given the unfavorable situation due to the establishment of quarantine restrictions that directly affect the communication process between priests and parishioners. The main information resources for providing religious communications in the modern world are analyzed in the work, their main advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to comprehensive religious web resources. All web resources are (...) divided into 6 categories: Christian sites, religious portals, sites of individual religious institutions, societies, YouTube channels, sites of electronic Christian libraries and electronic databases. It was found that the main disadvantage of most of the analyzed resources is the poor design and disorder of information. Based on the analysis of religious web resources, it is proposed to develop a website for the Parish. Such a site has a complex structure in the form of the main and additional menus, which, in turn, are structured by sections, and sections - by subsections. Thanks to the sections of the main menu, users will be able to see when, where, at what time an event will take place. Using the additional menu "Communication", the user will be able to anonymously send questions to the priest using the service "Ask a priest" and receive a response to the specified e-mail address. Equally important is the section "Library", which contains religious publications, and which are structured in alphabetical order and by category. The conclusion of the article presents the prospects of development of religious information resources on the basis of their comprehensive and complex analysis. Recommendations for improving religious communication web resources are offered. In particular, it is recommended to conduct constant monitoring in the world of Internet technologies, to research the preferences of users, and on this basis, to make changes to existing web resources in the field of religion. (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to present the conceptшщт of G. Bataille’s philosophy through the analysis of the nature of concept of «chance» and its relation to the conception of a man in the «ontologies of negativity» of M. Heidegger, J.-P. Sartre and A. Kojève. Theoretical basis. The author defines Bataille's anthropology as anthropology of chance based on its comparison with the ontologies of negativity of the twentieth century. Scientific novelty. The author presents the anthropological concept of G. Bataille, (...) in which a person is understood as a "chance". The author introduces the concept of "anthropology of chance" as a replacement for the classical metaphysical concept of a person and as an alternative to understanding a person in the ontologies of negativity of the twentieth century. Results. It has been established that G. Bataille grouds his understanding of a man in contravention of the subject in classic paradigm. On the place of concepts that have been defining a traditional comprehension of human place in the world, like God, rationality or productivity, Bataille places chance. At the same time, the author highlights the difference between Bataille's anthropology and the “ontologies of negativity” of the twentieth century, built around the concepts of impersonal being or nothing. The essence of the concept of chance are defined to be openness and meeting with the Other and the other. It is shown that Bataille’s person-chance consists has a contingent nature and defined through the instability of his place in the universe and society. Community has been identified as a key concept in defining the specifics of the “anthropology of chance”. It might be reached by the subject mystical, erotic and poetic experience. Conclusion. The main difference between the human model proposed by Bataille and existentialism is revealed. Man is described by Bataille not as a creative self isolated in himself, but as “imperfection” opened to another. The Other in this paradigm turns out to be a condition, not a limit of freedom. In Bataille's Inner Experience, man appears as a wound through which it is possible to create a message. Thus, Bataille's concept of a person as a chance becomes a springboard for the emergence of an understanding of the heterogeneous contingent subject in modern philosophy. (shrink)

The article is focused on the research of social control and functioning of total institutions in the social control policy in the Postmodern society. Topicality. The relevance of this study is explained with qualitatively new trends in the development of the Postmodern society, where criminal justice is increasingly ceasing to be actually classical justice in the traditional sense, and is increasingly manifesting itself as a purely political tool. In the paper, the author departs from the traditional approach to social control, (...) which in the light of classical views is carried out by society on the "deviant". Results. The author postulates that in the new coordinate system of Postmodern society number of deviants expands due to potential deviants. The key categories of protection of society are not "crime" and "just and lawful punishment" but deeper and penetrating social control over much larger groups with the help of formally independent institutions. The above process is characterized by the fact that clear boundaries between such closed total institutions and non-institutional applications are blurring. The boundaries between the above-mentioned "honest citizens" and "deviants" are also blurring. It has been found that in modern conditions, society no longer exercises social control, but social control over society by the state and even private entities that have national or even transnational power. Conclusion. The article concludes that in the Postmodern society, punishment and other forms of social control are devoid of traditional goals. Society ceases to be a subject of social control and becomes its object, exposed to net-widening processes, as a result of which the Posmodern society acquires the characteristics of a carceral society, where national social control systems become more mobile and acquire qualitatively new forms, significance and significance. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the changes taking place in the field of ethnic culture in the cities of Azerbaijan on the example of the city of Sumgait. In cities, social and cultural processes are more intense than in villages. As a result of constant migration processes in cities, different cultures and ways of life come into interaction with each other, sometimes conflict, and in many cases assimilate. As a result of these processes, a specific lifestyle is formed that is (...) characteristic of each city and is determined by the ethnic culture of its main population. The main objective of the study is to identify ethnocultural changes taking place in the lifestyle and material culture of the population of Sumgait, the second largest and industrial city of Azerbaijan. As the results of the survey of urban housing in Sumgayit show, despite the standardized appearance of modern city apartments, local ethnocultural features are preserved in the subject environment, structure and color scheme of the interiors. The study suggests that, despite the intense interaction between the various sociocultural groups that made up the population of Sumgayit, at present the city has not formed common stereotypes of urban culture and lifestyle typical for the whole city. In this regard, the interior decoration of residential buildings often does not correspond to the characteristics and traditional ideas of different population groups. It was found that the interior of the apartments as a whole and their specific ethnic characteristics often depend on the type of housing. The study suggests that the popular culture, which is rapidly spreading in Sumgait and in Azerbaijan as a whole, determines the spread of a globalized, mainly Western way of life and modern stereotypes of behavior. (shrink)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of Ukrainian and foreign empirical sociological studies of cross-border mobility and cooperation as the main forms of cross-border interactions and to outline the subject field and methodological principles of research. The periodization of the development of theoretical sociology was used to organize the discourse of theoretical sociology on cross-border interactions. Methodological principles of sociological research of cross-border interactions are formulated. The consideration of cross-border interactions at four levels is substantiated: micro, (...) meso, macro and inter-level. The micro level of cross-border processes is related to the experience of crossing the state border by specific entities, or trade at the local level. The mezo level relates to cross-border phenomenas that extends to regions such as regional cross-border cooperation. The macro level corresponds to cross-border processes that cover the entire territory of the state. The inter-level of cross-border phenomenas is related to the crossing of the borders of several or even many states. The use of the Pareto principle in the study of the dynamics of cross-border interactions is substantiated. The main dimensions of cross-border interactions are identified on the basis of factor analysis of the survey of Ukrainian-Slovak border residents "Information support and implementation of innovative approaches in cross-border cooperation between Slovakia and Ukraine". The toolkit of sociological research of cross-border interactions on the Ukrainian-Slovak border was constructed on the basis of expert interviews with researchers in the field of public administration, sociology, social work, representatives of public organizations and local communities of the Ukrainian-Slovak border. (shrink)

Actuality of the article’s topic based on post-non-classical processes of the becoming of contemporary scientific knowledge – stochastics, singularity, innovative, interdisciplinarity etc. The article’s aim is clarification of conceptual, historical-philosophical, methodological points of crossing of social philosophy and social psychology as two spheres of social-humanitarian knowledge. Conclusions. Showed, these two spheres are complexity researching systems, combined different – philosophical and psychological, axiological and ontological, gnoseological and world-outlook questions from the conceptual point of view. Understood, social psychology is directed on researching (...) of two different classes – individual and overindividual phenomenon and social philosophy is directed on universal foundations of civilization existence and development of a society as a whole system through the human being and values of humanitarian priorities. In this contest, founded, social philosophy can make functions of metatheory in boundaries of a determined variant of social psychology, because of social philosophy can carry on reflective function regarding world-outlook foundations of social-psychological knowledge. Researched, from the historical-philosophical point of view on the non-classical period we can observe difference of social-philosophical and social-psychological knowledge and on the post-non-classical period we can see manifestations of conditions for the interdisciplinary dialogue. Understood, from the methodological point of view social philosophy and social psychology have the same ontological optics: contemporary world is open, plural, incomplete, relative. That’s why from classical methods, based on fundamentalism and normativeness, these spheres are directed on researching of singular phenomenon, open systems, which have elements of uncertainty. (shrink)

In modern political science and social sciences, interest in cross-cultural research in the framework of various scientific methodologies is growing. The article is devoted to the study of one of the most pressing problems of our time, which is of great interest to Azerbaijan and Greece. This article describes in detail the historical situation in which the Greeks were forced to settle in the Caucasus. The article discusses the main reasons for the creation of the first Greek settlements in Azerbaijan. (...) The author in a broad context considers the activities of the Greeks in Azerbaijan. The article analyzes the main reasons for the unification of the Greeks of Azerbaijan, and the creation of the Greek Philanthropic society. Moreover, the article focuses on the activities of the theater group "Evripidis", operating in this society. It should be noted that the football team "Embros" was a source of pride for the Greeks living in Baku. The article also mentions the repression and mass arrests of the "Father of the Nations" against the Greeks. At the same time, it is emphasized that, as a result of Stalin’s policy, the Greeks living in Baku were resettled in the deserts of Kazakhstan in difficult conditions. The article analyzes the political motives of the resettlement of Greeks from Azerbaijan. At the same time, a large place in the article is devoted to the recollections of Azerbaijani Greeks forced to resettle in inhuman conditions. Documents and their photographs from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History and from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History on the resettlement of the Greeks, and according to the NKVD Directive No. 50215 of December 11, 1937, protocols No. 46, 61, 91 of the sentences of the Greeks living in the Azerbaijan SSR were first presented the scientific community of our country. The article also analyzes the integration of the Greeks into Azerbaijani society and their contacts with the multicultural environment of Azerbaijan. The article also discusses the activities of the Greek community "ARGO", created by the Greeks living in the country after the restoration of independence of Azerbaijan. (shrink)

According to L. Tolstoy, the essence of human being consists in the realization of the contradiction between his inherent thirst for life and the inevitability of death. In "Confession", L. N. Tolstoy writes that the possibility of a spiritual search for a way out of the existing dilemma consists in comprehending the Orthodox faith. However, many people do not immediately come to "faith". A person’s approach to the realization of this contradiction is the highest spirituality. It is precisely in "faith" (...) that a person is able to get rid of thoughts about the corruption of the soul, and accordingly, stop committing evil, and is able not to resist evil with violence. According to L. Tolstoy, to whom he comes, love is enclosed in the heart of man. This provision was understood not only by theologians, but also by philosophers, it is bright, life-affirming, as the thinker states, the position of love in the human heart is revealed in the commandments of Christ. In "Confession", L. N. Tolstoy writes that he came to the problem of non-resistance to evil after fifty years. I would like to note that, implicitly, he solves it both in the novel “War and Peace” and in the novel "Anna Karenina". The indicated problem is always relevant for him. Recall the images of captain Tushin and Anatol Kuragin. The author does not oppose, but completely breeds them. Contradictory, however, living in "love" is represented and the image of Bezukhov. The same can be said about Vronsky, and about Anna Karenina, and about her husband. But the thinker turned directly to the problem of non-resistance to evil after fifty years. This is clearly evidenced by his religious, journalistic and artistic works. Can a person, living in a state of non-violence, in a state of love for his neighbors, be engaged in solving private life problems, or does faith need this for sure. The thinker answers this question in Confession. Note that L. N. Tolstoy solves the problem of non-resistance to evil in its entirety, as he claims, under the influence of knowledge and life experiences, under the influence of everything that has been given to him since childhood. (shrink)

The aim of the study is to clarify and shed light on the phenomenon of OTHER postmodernism, the importance and significance of its characteristics as another within man himself, which regulates and purifies what is in human nature, which is reflected in religious and mystical culture and art. Also on the materials of psychology, as a parallel with OTHER postmodern, the phenomenon of compensatory enlightenment, the importance and significance of its characteristics as the spontaneous loss of insignificant, unimportant, shallow thoughts (...) and vanity that exists in human nature. The importance and significance of compensatory enlightenment is demonstrated by the example of the connection with the transcendence of philosophical culture, as well as religious-mystical and aesthetic-artistic cultures. When we speak of the transcendence of philosophical culture, we mean the consideration by this culture of those states of man which cannot be reliably conveyed in words, but which are nevertheless presented in documentary as higher states of consciousness. The methodology of obtaining new knowledge is based on a comparative method of research, collecting the characteristics of another postmodern and inductive reasoning in this regard. Documentary texts are compared, generalizations of these texts are found. At the same time, different human states are compared on the examples of religious and mystical culture. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time such a phenomenon of human nature as the recognition of one’s own other within oneself is considered, which can be recorded in such categories as "compensatory enlightenment", "transcendent", "numinous"., "Sacred". The subject of research is considered in connection with the transcendence of philosophical culture, with such areas of culture as religious-mystical and aesthetic-artistic. Conclusions. It has been found that the other post-modern, as the inner recognition of one’s own other within oneself, can be understood as a compensatory enlightenment, which is a non-negative phenomenon of human nature. Another postmodern is related to the creative process at the stage of "maturation", in which a person destroys his outdated personality. This is highlighted in the demonstration of the transcendence of philosophy, as well as religious and mystical culture. (shrink)

The intellectual context of the early 21st century, defining new topics and subjects of research, is de facto blurring the boundaries between high and low culture, emphasizing mass culture as a phenomenon that appears to be a means of seeking distractions in the real world. In the problematic field of postmodernism, mass culture represents how an ordinary person describes himself/herself as an individual in temporal and local dimensions. When contemporary culture represents a woman in the mainstream media, a woman is (...) by definition the primary object of creating mythologemes, usually related to the goals of consumerism. Of great importance is that the illusory world created in the imagination deforms the existing world view in which femininity is still more often represented as a biological quality. The goal of the paper is an interdisciplinary analysis of the issues of gender mythologization in postmodern philosophy and culture. The above-mentioned demonstrates the need for applying the principles of systematic analysis with a focus on hermeneutical interpretation of texts of mass culture. It should be stressed that femininity and embodiment in their combination hold a specific place in the postmodern culture; the latter is vividly represented in all genres of mass culture: both in television shows and series and on the wide screen. This goes to prove the phenomenon of unprecedented visualization used in different genres of mass culture. On the presumption that the heroine of mass culture in the early 21st century is an artifact, the authors of feminine artifacts are continuing to use the dominant myths of patriarchal culture, with certain changes. Therefore for the emergence of new dynamics in the mythologization of femininity, it is important to disburden women of the fear of patriarchal masculinity. Today this problem is solved in the artistic field of mass culture in its highest echelon of gender myths and mythologemes. (shrink)

Current global trends create the preconditions for in-depth scientific understanding of international migration. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of migration are successfully developing within the interdisciplinary approach, which, however, today is still less common than economic, demographic and sociological approaches. The subject fields of these disciplines are correlated through the clarification of what "exactly" are migration processes and what are their consequences. The main "bridges between disciplines" are common ideas about a set of dependent and independent variables. At (...) the same time, different disciplines prioritize the influence of certain variables, and interdisciplinary integration, obviously, should be based on the rejection of such prioritization. It was found that the basis for interdisciplinary integration can be the construction of a systematic view of the factors of migratory behavior. Ensuring interdisciplinary integration is facilitated by the development of cross-cutting concepts and categories of migration theory. An analysis of the discourse formed in the discussion between proponents of different disciplinary approaches shows that concepts such as "repulsion and attraction factors", "migratory attitudes", "choice", "risk", "losses and benefits" are pervasive for integrative migration theory. migration "," intercultural interaction "," adaptation ", etc. Migration decisions are a crucial stage in the structure of the migration process. It is established that sociological approaches to the study of international labor migration have come a long way from understanding the labor migrant as a foreigner and a victim of social exclusion to his vision as a "source of capitalist spirit." Negative attitudes towards migrants and migration were gradually replaced by the introduction into scientific circulation of the assumption of a significant impact of migrants on the course of economic life in the recipient countries. This allowed to solve another important methodological problem of individual and social in mass migration from one country to another, and the study of labor migration has reached a new scientific level. (shrink)

The article analyzes the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship and the possibility of its spread in the activities of non-profit organizations. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to outline the prospects for the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine and to summarize the factors that influence this process. To achieve this goal, system analysis, analysis of expert assessments and document analysis were used. It is established that social entrepreneurship is an effective method of solving social problems, which has its own (...) peculiarities of functioning and practice of implementation in Ukraine. The situation of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine and its normative-legal provision is considered. The article outlines the main deterrents and incentives that affect the development of social entrepreneurship and its implementation in the activities of non-profit organizations. The impact of different scenarios of social entrepreneurship development in Ukraine, including the growth of social enterprises due to the large number of social problems in Ukraine, legitimization of social entrepreneurship at the level of national legislation and economic development of the Ukrainian state, which will contribute to state support of social enterprises, taking into account the mechanisms of implementation of the social order. It was found that the main factors influencing the development of social entrepreneurship are raising the level of social consciousness of citizens, legislative definition of social enterprises and their taxation, financial support of social enterprises at the state level, grant support, increase of own incomes of non-profit organizations. (shrink)

In modern societies, innovative mediapractices are becoming more widespread, replacing traditional mediapractices. Unlike traditional mediapractices, when the masses of the population were only recipients and passive consumers of information, today masses of the population become co-authors of mediaproduct and influence mediadiscourse. Newly established mediapractices are not yet institutionalized and are innovative activity, the preconditions, factors and consequences of which have not been studied yet. Along with the progressive phenomenon of mediatization, there are also crisis phenomenas in the field of mediapractices. (...) Already known dysfunctional phenomena, including the crisis of trust in the media, are taking on new forms. New media reality requires scientific understanding, in particular in measuring the ratio of traditional and new mediapractices in the context of the relationship with the phenomenon of trust in media. Sociological understanding of the newly established media practices requires taking into account two essential aspects of the analyzed phenomenon: 1) institutional and structural characteristics of the media system as a context; 2) characteristics of mass media practices. Based on methodological principles of the theory of agent-structural integration, a scheme for the development of media practices in context of trust in news media is proposed. The proposed tool can be used to diagnose expert and mass mediapractices. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to find out the place of the philosophy of law as scientific knowledge of legal reality in the system of formation of consciousness and legal consciousness of society. The relevance of the work lies in the need to explore the importance of the philosophy of law as a reflection of the legal reality of society in its theoretical aspect, the place and significance of the philosophy of law in creating the socio-cultural discourse of our (...) time; it is necessary to identify how this knowledge can and should respond to the challenges of our time. The article considers the need to study the importance of the philosophy of law in the process of the formation of consciousness and legal consciousness of the individual and to understand how the philosophy of law, fulfilling its direct purpose of studying the ontology of law, can participate in overcoming the permanently existing crises in society. The results of the analysis made it possible to find out that the philosophy of law, fulfilling its many functions, becomes the fundamental basis for the formation of consciousness and legal awareness of society. It was found that such functions of legal philosophy as educational and value-oriental build a system of individual and collective priorities of values and logically substantiate their importance and universality for the existence of man and society. It is analyzed that the philosophy of law helps to establish a connection between one’s own individual experience of legal understanding and acquired scientific knowledge. It is proved that a theoretical study of legal reality models by the philosophy of law as a branch of scientific knowledge about the essence of law occupies a significant place in the system of studying social values. The conclusions of the work prove that, plunging into the legal system, the philosophy of law contributes to the development of the individual ability of a person to critical thinking and subjective assessment of acquired knowledge. The significance of philosophical and legal consciousness as one of the factors for overcoming permanently existing crises in society is established. The use of the philosophy of law as a methodology for the assimilation of legal reality contributes to the formation and constant reproduction of the ability to process information on the principles of justice, equality and respect for cultural diversity. (shrink)

The study focuses on the concept of warranted Christian belief, which was introduced by A. Plantinga. The purpose of the research is to consider the warrant as a property of the Christian belief, moreover through which it can become knowledge. The study scrutinizes the possibility of accepting faith without theistic arguments. The author analyzes A. Plantinga's classification of a warrant, for example, deontologism, coherentism and reliabilism. The author gives a general characteristic of warranted belief, moreover, the study stresses that belief (...) has a warrant for a person if it is produced by cognitive faculties functioning properly, if a belief is formed in an appropriate epistemic environment, if cognitive faculties are operating according to a design plan reliably aimed at truth, if a person has no defeaters for that belief. The article emphasizes that if A. Plantinga's A/C model is true, then theistic belief is truly warranted, consequently a warrant of theistic belief depends on the proof of the existence of God. The author of the research contends that beliefs can have different degrees of the warrant, and if this degree becomes sufficient, belief becomes knowledge. Moreover, the author points out that one of the basic beliefs admitted by A. Plantinga is belief in God. The study analyzes four types of human interaction with God: internal instigation of the Holy Spirit, perception of God, Holy Scripture, and faith. The main function of the internal instigation of the Holy Spirit is to inspire a human to have faith in God. Moreover, the author emphasizes that Christian beliefs, acquired by the internal instigation of the Holy Spirit, are not only warranted but have sufficient justification to be knowledge. The complex action of the perception of God and internal instigation of the Holy Spirit provide reliable, properly basic beliefs that are referred to the truth written in the Holy Gospel. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that there are no convincing arguments for the Christian belief for those who have not accepted it. In the conclusion, the author points out that forming an A/C model, A. Plantinga creates a double problem, on the one hand, his goal is to warrant the truth of the theistic belief, and he performs his task, but, on the other hand, he tries to demonstrate warrant of the Christian belief, and presents the same opportunity to representatives of other theistic religions. Thus, instead of arguing with atheism, A. Plantinga turns to a discussion with non-Christian theistic religions. (shrink)

The problem of the identity of the woman hiding her gender under a male pseudonym makes us recollect U. Eco’s arguments about the truth and the purpose of literature as well as A. F. Losev’s ideas about the name and the meaning, the theories of the feminist literary critics K. Millett, M. Ellman, T. Moi, E. Showalter, etc. who have presented "women`s writing" and "writing about women" in the feminist field. As one of the central principles of feminist criticism is (...) that no scientific view can ever be neutral, the problem of pseudonyms occupies an important place in the contemporary gender studies, explicitly or implicitly highlighting the artificially constructed debate, which divides "serious male literature" and "superficial and secondary female writing". On the one hand, this is the problem of feminism itself, on the other, it is a question of the role and place of the woman in the world` culture and history. In this kind of the analysis we cannot ignore such an epiphenomenon of postmodernism as "label change" with the postmodern emphasis on the sociocultural role of the context, which is especially relevant in aspects of the gender "name problem". The last one, undoubtedly, is included in the problematization of postmodern culture on the whole, since all cultural narratives have always been gender "stories". Today an individual construct his or her gender-reflecting reality, still the modelling of the new gender system is far from being complete. The created sign systems are ambivalent, the meanings are very unstable and can easily be hermeneutically interpreted. However, the role of hermeneutics in analyzing the relationship between the author and the sociocultural context is in the core of the gender aspects of literature, in general, and in the problems of the pseudonym as a change of "name", in particular. The latter is by all means relevant and important. Undoubtedly, one of the main incentives for feminist scholars in their turn to women's literature is connected with the patriarchal demand for women's "silence", their "dumbness" in culture and, accordingly, in literature. Obviously, there are two main interpretations of the concept of "female literature" in feminist criticism. The first one is the representation of female subjectivity in its difference from the male one. The second approach is the representation of "non-essentialist" female subjectivity, which is understood as the logical structure of the difference. In general, in the patriarchal dichotomy of the femininity and masculinity "women who write" are always dangerous. "Three strange sisters" – Anne, Charlotte and Emily Bronte wrote their novels under disguise of male pen names, exactly specifying two conceptual motives: the "Other" concept and the image of "Veil". In this context the motive of androgyny is also important from the point of view of both analysis and literary criticism. In ХIXth century George Sand, having most vividly represented this concept, became an example for many subsequent generations of feminists – writers, actresses and media representatives. However, in our era of gender plurality, the question of the pseudonym as a problem of "genders" is not so relevant; more likely it is still a question of the priorities in the feminist theory. In the contemporary discourse of literary criticism many of the author’s socially significant features are perceived as gender neutral. In the postmodern paradigm the question of the androgynous identity of the man/woman writer requires its further actualization as the androgynous is often replaced by the bisexuality. In general, it should be recognized that postmodern approaches to gender identity, which paint a "picture of the world" today, transform the female experience of being as the "Other", secondary and insignificant with a conceptual orientation to a fundamental variety of postmodern cognitive perspectives. (shrink)

The article presents a conceptual analysis of the intercultural model of development of modern cities, with an emphasis on the selection strategy and activity of axiological approach to developing models of modernization of a modern city, marked specific features of urban culture - multicultural, multipolarity interests, values, needs and opportunities for groups. Revealed that about the virtualization of the social space and the introduction of information and communication technologies, which express a qualitative difference between the interaction of the urban population (...) as a unit of sociocultural stratification of the culture of a particular regional community, are determined by particularly significant factors influencing the formation of the modern sociocultural space of a multi-ethnic city. The tendencies of participation in the formation of the sociocultural space of Ukrainian cities by wide circles of the public with the active and consistent participation of citizens in exercising control over cultural policy are characterized and organizational conditions for sustained feedback from the public and authorities. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the practice of sociological support of the development processes of multi-ethnic Ukrainian urban communities in the context of the implementation of the European intercultural strategy are considered. The emphasis is on solving the problems of a sociological study of the needs of the urban community in the information environment and the complication of sociocultural relationships between the subjects of the processes of modernization of the cultural urban environment. The need for a systematic combination of sociological approaches based on the integration of the concepts of the city’s public space, the resource concept of the city, the concept of socialization, the socio-cultural capital of the city, the concepts of sociocultural identification and urban identity is stated. The author 's case was the conclusion that the processes of maintenance practices for the development of multi-ethnic Ukrainian urban communities in the context of the European strategy for intercultural indicate significant prospects of sociological studies of social and cultural development of the Ukrainian regional multicultural cities. The article emphasizes that the following areas are relevant: the development of research criteria for potentially productive sectors of the development of the sociocultural urban environment and the factors of activation of interested social groups in the context of the implementation of strategies and objectives of the concept of interculturalism. (shrink)

In the article, the authors consider education as a decisive condition for the formation of key personality competencies. The issue of the humanization of technical education is very relevant today. The authors believe that the generation of a technogenic type of culture leads to the spiritual impoverishment of the individual. There is a dehumanization of education, which turns into the development of future engineers only professional skills. The authors believe that the restriction of the humanitarian cycle of disciplines in technical (...) universities casts doubt on the possibility of training engineers who combine high professionalism with well-developed communicative competencies. Particular attention is paid to the place and role of the study of philosophy, which, according to I. Kant, poses its task so that “a person has the courage to live with his own mind.” The authors note that the issue of awareness of oneself as a person, the society in which they live, the values on which relationships between people and children are raised, may arise precisely in the situation if the future engineer is given the opportunity to become acquainted with the philosophy of Platon, Kant or Hegel, with Marx and Heidegger. Most of the students, who are not interested in the issues of the world and the place of the person in it, are the ones who need an explanation of the real state of affairs and those issues that academic philosophy says.The authors reveal the content of the concept of the human factor - that means, first of all, to understand a person, enter the world of his interests, needs, expectations, comprehend many of his actions., i.e. see his personality. The authors proceed from the fact that the selection of competencies at the moment remains one of the urgent problems of education in the context of a competency-based approach. Accordingly, the purpose of education is related to the formation of key competencies. It is concluded that the positioning of education in the field of social meanings depends on the competence content of education. (shrink)

The article deals with defining the characteristics of the authority discourse development in modern society. The localization of the urban area has been chosen as the field of the authority discursive power strategies development. The author's scheme of authority discourse analysis in the urban area has been suggested basing on the methodological principles of a discourse-analytical strategy and involving the heuristic potential of a socio-cultural and semiotic analysis, as a result of the specific empirical study. The analysis of theoretical frames (...) for the study of the concepts of «discourse» and «authority» has made it possible to determine a variety of communicative actions, which subject can only be the authority – an institutional discourse, namely, a political perspective. It is proposed to define a political discourse as a set of all speech acts in the appropriate institutional atmosphere, which is implemented in both oral and written forms within this study. The consideration of the background, expectations of the author and the audience, hidden motives, plot schemes etc. are provided in this article. It has been noted that it is appropriate to use the categorization approach to the «soft power» concept, which proposes to consider the power as the one which is implemented in the form of a certain communicative action. The behavior dictated by the authorities is perceived by a recipient as a voluntary choice during its relization. Such categories of the investigation as cultural mechanisms of nomination, classification, legitimation and naturalization are stressed analysing a political discourse in an urban area. The author's matrix of the analysis of the authority discourse in the urban area which includes its strategies, grammatology, idioms and the nature of their projection in discursive strategies of main subjects of discourse development has been described. (shrink)

The article established that the formation and becoming of the ethnic identity of the ashkenazi jews of Azerbaijan is influenced by a number of traditional factors, in particular, family, upbringing and cultural traditions. In particular, the special role of traditions in the formation of ethnic identity among jews is associated with the essential role of judaism in this process. The article also notes that one of the most important elements of ethnic culture and the sustainability of ethnic identity is the (...) mother tongue. The mother tongue of ashkenazi jews is yiddish. It is established that at present the functional significance of yiddish has significantly decreased. The almost complete oblivion of yiddish and the transition of the vast majority of ashkenazi jews of Azerbaijan to the russian language created favorable conditions for the transition of this community to hebrew. In addition to the desire to revive historical memory, the revival of traditional culture and religion, the strengthening of the dominant position of hebrew among ashkenazi jews was also associated with an increase in migration sentiments, the desire of many of them to leave for their historical homeland in Israel. The desire to study hebrew, characteristic of many ashkenazi in Azerbaijan, especially middle and young age, does not mean that this language has become functionally significant for intra-community and everyday communication. For these purposes, the russian language continues to be widely used. For example, while an older generation of ashkenazi jews owned yiddish, the middle generation speaks mainly russian, and the relatively young generation already speaks three languages – azerbaijani, russian and hebrew. In the article, summing up some results of the study of ethnic identity among ashkenazi jews of Azerbaijan, it is stated that, despite the unspoken, and sometimes vowed anti-semitism of the rulers of tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union, ashkenazi jews of Azerbaijan have largely preserved their ethnic identity, traditional holidays and rituals. Moreover, the activity of various jewish schools in Azerbaijan, the education of jewish children in hebrew determines the stability of ethnic identity among various age groups of the jewish population. The stability of the ethnic identity of ashkenazi jews in Azerbaijan is also influenced by such traditional factors as family, upbringing and cultural traditions. It is likely that this is due to the fact that for most jews, following the customs and traditions in everyday life is an important element of the national mentality. Moreover, judaism plays a major role in maintaining ethnic identity among ashkenazi jews. (shrink)

The article highlights issues regarding the processes of interaction, on the one hand, changes in the dominant motives of consumer behavior, and, on the other, the evolution of the main branding paradigms over the twentieth century. It turned out that against this background, it is rather difficult to distinguish linear, causal relationships. In other words, it is problematic to answer the question: whether changes in consumer practices have led to a transformation of the main branding paradigms or business initiatives against (...) the background of social entrepreneurship have led to shifts in consumer behavior in a significant part of modern consumers? Probably, it should be recognized that the transformation of the main motives of consumer practices over the twentieth century, according to the pyramid of A. Maslow, was an important factor that accelerated the evolution of the main branding paradigms, and, in turn, received additional impulses from the latter for its own changes. It is noted that A. Maslow quite accurately foresaw the characteristic changes in the motivational nature of consumer practices from rational to socially significant, that is, of a higher hierarchical order. Based on this, and perhaps in parallel with the indicated processes, the evolution of the classic branding paradigm from «rational», continuing «emotional» and, at the present stage, «socially responsible business», took place. It is emphasized that in global world, against the backdrop of a lack of a resource of trust in traditional social institutions, successful commercial enterprises with developed traditions of socially responsible business are able to integrate society and increase the availability of a demanded integrative resource. The attention is focused on the mutually beneficial relationship between marketing and sociological science. We are talking about the mutual enrichment of the subject areas of the presented disciplines in the context of the application of both quantitative and qualitative methods of cognition. The heuristic nature of the ideas of the classics of humanistic psychology, social cognition, sociology, in particular A. Maslow, M. McLuhan, E. Goffman, for a deeper understanding of the theoretical and methodological features that were at the basis the evolution of the classical marketing paradigms over the twentieth century, is emphasized. The conclusion is drawn about the relevance of the paradigm of socially responsible branding with the aim of further consolidating, solidifying any social system and expanding the possibilities within it for the effective solution of numerous social pathologies of the modern stage. (shrink)

This article is part of a research conducted as part of the Support Program for Doctoral Studies of Shota Rustaveli Georgian National Science Foundation. Name of the research – “Interdisciplinary analysis of the complex system of the Abkhazian conflict by the method 4D-RAV-17. As part of the study, the task was to assess those political technologies that were not used in the process of resolving the Abkhazian conflict. The study identified that such a peacemaking resource as the recognition by the (...) conflicting parties of “common threats” and the consolidation of common efforts to prevent or eliminate them, was not used to an adequate extent. Based on this, the Concept of Awareness of the Common Threat System were formulated and presented as a methodological basis for reinforcing the Security Community Theory created by Karl Deutsch. CACTS was described in the article “Abkhazian crisis: from the Concept of Awareness of Common Threats to the Building of an “Abkhazian Security Community”” published in the Scientific and Theoretical Almanac "Grani", Volume 23 №3, 2020. As a basis for creating an initial level of trust between the parties to the conflict, we take their policy of recognizing the system of common threats and identifying ourselves with possible victims of these threats. The level of trust can grow as both parties gain satisfaction from the process of cooperation. In this article, which is the second of a series of articles devoted to the recognition of common threats and the construction of a security community by the parties to the conflict, we present one of the practical possibilities for strengthening the modeling process of a new multidimensional peacemaking format. In particular, this is the development of cooperation between the participants in the Abkhazian political crisis to reduce nuclear and radioactive threats. The research drew attention not only to physical, but also to psychological dangers posed by nuclear and radiation threats. Based on the analysis, a number of specific initiatives were identified for the possible development of cooperation between participants in the multidimensional Abkhazian political crisis. Particular attention in the article is paid to the role of scientific diplomacy in the positive transformation of the crisis and the integration into the peacemaking process representatives of natural sciences, in particular physicists, power engineers and ecologists. As one of the resources of the peace process, the prospects of cooperation between civil society institutions expressing the interests of victims of nuclear and radiation disasters from different sides of the conflict community are considered. The article focuses on the creation of common approaches on energy policy for the countries of the Caucasus region, especially, regarding nuclear energy. Despite the fact that the initiative is aimed at resolving the Abkhazian conflict, the measures to bring the parties closer, presented in the framework of this project, could positively affect the development of the level of trust in other conflicts of the post-Soviet space. The work is based on a holistic approach, which involves revising the reductionist approach that dominates the scientific and political discourses, distorting the real picture of the conflict and reducing its image to the quasi-scientific concept of the “Abkhaz-Georgian” resolution. Our vision of the complex and multidimensional structure of the Abkhazian political crisis is given in the first article of the mentioned cycle. The structure of this article consists of three main parts. The first part of the article is an introduction, which presents the idea of anti-nuclear and anti-radiation consolidation of participants in the Abkhazian political crisis on the basis of the Concept of Awareness of the Common Threat System and the concept of Karl Deutsch, adapted for the Abkhazian Security Community. One of the CACTS subsystems is nuclear, radiation, and related to them information-psychological threats. The second part of the article presents an analysis of the situation associated with nuclear, radiation, information and psychological threats. This analysis aims to demonstrate the importance of the topic under consideration and the variety of real threats. Nuclear threats. The authors divide them into threats of a military nature, as well as threats associated with the construction, operation, conservation and liquidation of reactors and other nuclear facilities. Radiation threats. Statistics of incidents related to illegal operations in the transportation/sale of radiation/radioactive substances based on open sources are proposed. Examples of threats associated with the illicit trade of irradiated food products are given. Information and psychological threats. When considering information and psychological threats related to nuclear and radiation threats, special attention is paid to such a question as hiding of reliable information from citizens or manipulating information, which is the basis for the formation of distrust towards one’s own state and the psychosomatic problems arising from this. The third part of the article offers a model of a fragment of the peacemaking process to resolve the Abkhazian political crisis, in which a component is involved that includes a discussion of on nuclear and radiation safety and the construction of the Abkhazian Security Community as a subsystem of the Caucasian and Black Sea-Caspian Sea Security Community. (shrink)

The article highlights the basic scientific approaches to understanding the concept of "electoral party", identifies trends in the evolution of understanding of the term and the change of scientific paradigms in its interpretation. The authors conclude that the electoral party is a modern kind of party characterized by blurring the boundaries of the social base, the lack of a clear ideology and professionalization and personalization of its internal structure. The article reveals the historical evolution and formation of modern approaches to (...) the interpretation of the "electoral party", identifies their varieties. The main subtypes of electoral parties include: electoral-professional parties, cartel parties, stratarchies, modern personnel parties, program parties, business firm parties, "big tent". Content analysis of the programs of the parliamentary parties in 2019, namely, "Sluga narodu", OPHZ, "Batkivshyna", "Golos" and "European Solidarity", using the formula of Hee Min Kim and Richard Fording, determined the ideological position of each of them. Authors conclude that most of 2019 parliamentary parties tend to be centrist and don’t have clear ideological position. Thus, it has been found that by most attributes, parliamentary parties in Ukraine can be classified as electoral, because by eroding the social base and trying to get support from the widest possible electoral circle, parliamentary parties lose their ideological attachment. It allows them to get maximum electoral resalt, but is counterproductive in terms of abuse of populism and inability to fulfill all program promises. The most conservative political forces include European Solidarity and the Voice. At the same time, it is the least liberal in terms of the ideological content of the OPZZ. (shrink)

The research is based on the features of the influence of interethnic relations on the development of cross-border cooperation. It is noted that, provided effective ethno-national policies are implemented, multi-ethnic border regions have the advantage that national communities facilitate cross-border cooperation, and they often act as intermediaries in inter-regional relations. It has been proven that interethnic relations have a significant impact on the development of cross-border cooperation, in particular the importance of local authorities and national governments, which have a significant (...) role to play in the issues of inter-ethnic relations in the region. It is argued that in the development of cross-border cooperation, greater emphasis should be placed on programs and projects aimed at improving the coexistence and development of national minorities in the border regions where they are most often living compactly, in particular representatives of national minorities; as a factor of European integration. For the successful development of cross-border cooperation, it is important to understand the needs and interests of the ethnic communities of a particular region, and to take into account historical, cultural factors. It is noted that the integration model is effective in the development of cross-border cooperation, since it enables different ethnic groups and national minorities to maintain their national identity, as well as to participate in regional and inter-state cooperation. Each interethnic community in Europe has its own peculiarities, and therefore the general list of recommendations included in the European Charter does not list the granting of large permits to municipal regions. However, these documents formed the basis for cross-border cooperation in European regions, and the provisions contained therein strengthened activities in this field. An important fact is that most inter-ethnic cooperation activities are within the structures of the European Union. The most common term is "territorial cooperation" or "cross-border cooperation", which are understood as different types of cooperation programs. These programs support the promotion and implementation of joint projects of an international nature throughout the European Union and its neighbors. A specific form of cross-border cooperation is Euroregional. Its characteristic feature is the institutionalization of cross-border cooperation structures. These structures may be: interethnic associations, councils, secretariats, committees, working groups, etc. Euroregional cooperation is carried out within the Euroregion. The Euroregion can be seen as a formal structure of cooperation, adopted on the basis of agreements between interethnic local and regional authorities in order to deepen economic and social cooperation. It is emphasized that the European experience of using the opportunities of cooperation with national minorities in multiethnic regions is of great importance for Ukraine, in particular, the work of the Council of Europe, the EU Strategy for the Danube Region, the Association of European Border Regions, which receive considerable attention, is useful. national minorities in the development of cross-border cooperation. European experience demonstrates that, with proper organization of state policy and historical experience, the involvement of ethnic groups in cross-border cooperation can have a positive impact. Interethnic cooperation promotes political stability and reduces tensions in border areas, and has a positive impact on economic cooperation, development of education, science and culture. It is proved that cross-border cooperation must take into account the nature of ethno-political relations in the border regions, promote the provision of conditions for the development of ethno-cultural characteristics of national minorities and develop mechanisms of interethnic interaction, cooperation of local authorities and public organizations of national minorities. (shrink)

The article aims to study the formation and affirmation of A.A. Rusov`s personality as a Ukrainian intellectual and his appearance in the world of the Ukrainian national elite at the post-reform period of the 1860s and 1870s. It is used a personalistic approach, historical-genetic and historical-typological methods. Using archival and published documentary sources, the author shows that A. Rusov got interested in intellectual work since his adolescence and youth. The influential factors of his outlook formation were as follows: his parents (...) influence, gymnasium secondary education, academic and students environment at St. Vladimir Kyiv University. It was found out that while doing Slavic Studies, Alexander Alexandrovich, who was a Russian by ethnic origin, became interested in studying the Ukrainian people, their language, folklore, ethnography, culture. Due to those changes he became a conscious Ukrainian who then joined the Ukrainian national movement. It is revealed A. Rusov's participation in the various national and cultural activities of the Kyiv Old Community and its legal branch – the Southwestern Department of the Russian Geographical Society. It is traced that in the 1870's the main vectors of the intellectual interests of the scientist and public figure were determined. Firstly, they were Slavic Studies, pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical activities. Then he was fond of local and regional statistical researches, determined by his interest to the comprehensive study of the Ukrainian people in the context of so called peoplelovers` worldview. It is proved that in the late 1870's A. A. Rusov became a prominent figure of the Ukrainian national movement who participated in ideological discussions between the Ukrainian “peoplelovers”, liberals and the Russian social-revolutionary Narodniks. It is emphasized that the Ukrainian intellectual and public figure companied for the rights of the Ukrainians to speak their own language, get national education, science, develop culture, implement progressive land taxation and carry on comprehensive study about the Ukrainian people using statistical surveys. The originality and scientific novelty of the article consists in presentation of factual historical knowledge about A. A. Rusov as a Ukrainian intellectual, who joined the world of the national elite generation and combined scholarly studies and social practices of national culture in his activity. (shrink)

An attempt is made to apply metaphorical analysis to certain aspects of the Kant’s work. In other words, can we look at the transcendental teaching of the German thinker using the same method that he himself proposed? A metaphorical reading of Kant's transcendental teaching made it possible to reveal some patterns and trace the linguistic boundaries of his work. With great caution, we only tried to express the idea that Kant's metaphorics is a well-thought-out semantic boundary of its transcendental logic. (...) First of all, we are interested in the field that usually eludes philosophical research – the military metaphor of «Critics of Pure Reason». In our opinion, the metaphorical series is most representative in this work. It was important for us to show that Kant's transcendental method is a fundamental metaphor that stands over arguing philosophers and makes it possible to give precise and clear laws to a chaotic philosophizing mind. In this approach, the reflexivity of Kantian discourse is revealed of dialectics). That is, in essence, we tried to discover that the transcendental criticism of the mind is just another metaphorical approach that allows us to go beyond the classical mind to find a place for a new the method of immersion in the mind. It was also important for us to reveal that the metaphorical approach leads to an understanding of the new semantic boundaries of the thinker's creativity, to the understanding that Kant turned out to be not only a outstanding logician, metaphysician and fine connoisseur of dialectics, but also a thinker who perfectly felt the semantic series of formation concepts and was close to the linguistic interpretation of pure reason. Also we seek to show that the metaphorical approach used by Kant allowed him to weigh many of the philosophical events of XX century culture. In this context, Kant was not only a critic, but also a visionary of many modern philosophical events. (shrink)

Azerbaijan People Republic the new sovereign state, created in May 1918 in the Muslim East, has lived and worked in hard and difficult conditions for 23 months. The Republic had to fight against the political and economic policies of the world's major powers, including Russia, the United States, England and France, and resorted to all means to maintain its sovereignty, and faced very complex challenges along the way. Under the pressure of these states, on May 29, 1918, the National Council (...) of Azerbaijan was forced to decide on the issue of Iravan to the armenians in order to maintain their sovereignty while discussing the border problem between Azerbaijan and Armenia and he considered this decision a "historic necessity", a "unavoidable disaster" for heartbreak. During the Azerbaijan People Republic, neighboring countries made a number of territorial claims against Azerbaijan. At that time, its territory was 113.895, 97 sq. km. Its 97,296,67 sq. km was undeniable, and 16,598,30 sq. km was disputed. To resolve such issues, the Treaty of Friendship was first signed on June 4, 1918, between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Azerbaijan. It was the first agreement signed by the Azerbaijan People Republic with any foreign state. The second article of the Batumi Treaty sets the border between Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia. According to the Batumi contract, Azerbaijan also suffered territorial losses. According to the agreement, the Sharur section of the Sharur-Daralayaz province and the Nakhchivan accident, except for Ordubad, were transferred to Turkey. In addition, the regions of Kamarly, Ulukhanli and Vedibasar of the Iravan provincewere transferred to Turkey. On March 12, 1921, the Moscow Treaty was signed. With the participation of a representative of the Soviet Russia to clarify some of the territories following the Moscow Treaty, Turkey signed an agreement on October 13, 1921, between the three South Caucasus republics. With the participation of a representative of the Soviet Russia to clarify some of the territories following the Moscow treaty, Turkey signed an agreement on October 13, 1921, between the three South Caucasus republics. The contract consisted of 20 articles and 3 annexes. A number of provisions of this treaty were consistent with the relevant articles of the Moscow Treaty. In general, this document was rejecting unequal rights, forcible contracts, and the Sevr treaty. Article 5 of the agreement was directly related to the fate of Nakhchivan. Thus, the Moscow and Kars treaties also resolved Nakhchivan's autonomy status. (shrink)

The article analyzes the main concepts and theories regarding the characterization, origins and consequences of civil wars as a type of armed violence. During the work the views on the problem of leading Ukrainian and foreign scientists were considered, in particular, E. Ankudinov, I. Artsybasov, T. Garr, O. Huseynov, S. Danilov, G. Demin, A. Kasesse, V. Korchmit-Matyushov, O. Ladinenko, S. Mosova, S. Nefedova and others. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the concept of civil war, its essence, causes (...) and consequences, which was formed by the Ukrainian scientist S. Vovk. Having considered the problem, the author states that some aspects of the problem need more elaboration ‒ there is a need for a comprehensive generalization of the most common views on defining the phenomenon of civil war. The author concludes that consideration of the main achievements in the coverage of the Civil War, as a type of armed violence, showed that this aspect was studied quite vividly. Today there are several common interpretations of the phenomenon of civil war, its causes and origins, and political implications in the world of political science. Having analyzed them, the author gives his own interpretation of the concept of civil war as a type of armed violence. According to the author, civil war can be attributed to a specific type of internal armed violence, since it leads to significant changes in the socio-political system of the state. These phenomena are similar, but not identical. The Civil War is only an extraordinary stage in changing the state's political and political system. This kind of armed violence can be triggered by a revolution, or, conversely, victory in a civil war by supporters of radical change may lead to revolution. However, the purpose of armed conflict during the civil war is, first and foremost, the seizure / retention of power, the overthrow / canning of political structures, rather than radical systemic change. In fact, civil war leads to socio-political transformations indirectly. Unlike the revolution, which is a kind of armed violence that results in rapid, fundamental changes in all spheres of society. (shrink)

The article deals with the process of formation and development of lease relations in the agrarian sector of Tavria province in the second half of the 19th century-1917 in the conditions of vendible farming and animal husbandry development. The causes of widespread leasing and the specificity of this process in different counties of the province are analyzed. The role of landlord ownership in the formation of the lease fund of the region is determined. The vast lands served as a significant (...) source of productive and non-productive profit for the local nobility. Few owners of capitalist-type farms used the proceeds of the lease to modernize their farms. Lease was the main means of land use for the vast majority of nobles. The ways of involving the Taurian peasantry in the lease relations in the conditions of its property and social differentiation are revealed here. Attention is drawn to the fact that the wealthy peasantry was the main tenant who used the leased land primarily for the organization of commercial agriculture. Characterization of the types of land constituting the lease fund of the region have been made. It has been found that private ownership constituted its vast majority, as well as peasant allotments, treasury lands and private institutions. The specifics of the lease of state-owned lands in Tavria province are shown. A wide variety of statistical sources cover the types of land leases and regional features of their using. Skopschina was a popular form of rent; however, on the areas of commercial agriculture, there was a dynamic development of monetary rent as a characteristic feature of capitalist housekeeping. The dynamics of changes in rental prices in the context of species and regional differentiation are traced. The advantages and disadvantages of rent for the owners and tenants of the province are highlighted. It was concluded that the lease occupied an important place in the land tenure and land using of the population of Tavria province - above all, the nobility and the peasantry as the main subjects of lease relations and makers of agricultural products. It contributed to the development of entrepreneurship and the strengthening of capitalist forms of farming in the countryside. (shrink)

The article reveals a conclusion that a significant number of approaches to understanding the phenomenon of a political leadership have been formed based on the presence of a significant number of studies on the problem of political leadership. They take into account a large number of factors that characterize the personality of a leader in the political, socio-economic, legal, religious and cultural spheres. The article analyzes the problem of political leadership in the works of such scientists as: N. Machiavelli, J. (...) Dewey, F. Nietzsche, G. Storozheva, A. Priyatelchuk, S. Siegele, G. Lebon, G. Tard, Z. Freud, L. Edinger, Y. Jennings, S. Hook, M. Weber, T. Adorno, G. Marcuse, E. Fromm, K. Friedrich, G. Page, M. Samimi, B. Buyak, G. Grinlif, K. Hodgkinson, G. Fairholm, T., S. Kuchmarskikh, G. Hilmen, T. Fittssimen, A. Morozov, N. Gorbacheva, B. Bujak, A. Traverse, A. Pakhareva, N. Tkach and others. Despite the variety and variability of methodological approaches to understanding leadership, it is still necessary to conceptualize them. It is revealed that one of the most productive approaches to understanding the essence of political leadership is its interpretation based on value and socio-cultural orientations in the development of the individual and society, in general. It is clarified that the study of the category "personality"plays an important role within the socio-cultural approach to understanding of leadership. In addition, socio-cultural approach provides research on leadership through the prism of identifying individual, social communities and society as a whole in special forms of activity. The relevance of the socio-cultural approach is also explained by the fact that it allows the use of interdisciplinary research, opening a wide field for the possibility of developing a synthetic theory of political leadership. (shrink)

The applied aspects of philosophical hermeneutics in connection with the formation of a special hermeneutic space in modern humanitarian culture are considered. The concept of meaning and understanding inherent in the ancient philosophical tradition is analyzed, the terminological aspects of the concept of understanding in its practical plane are considered. The hermeneutic method and its use in the analysis of specific semantic formations is associated with the concept of metaphor, which can be considered as a mediastinum of hermeneutic experience. Hermeneutics (...) is a special aspect or turn in the development of European philosophy, which includes all other levels: ontology, epistemology, transcendental phenomenology and language philosophy. It is language that is the source from which the very possibility of hermeneutics arises. Language is the medium of hermeneutic comprehension of the world and today we observe in modern philosophy the situation of the formation of hermeneutical environment, a special semantic space in which we comprehend all the philosophical systems of the past and present. The hermeneutics constantly raises the question: is understanding possible in principle? It is not even a matter of whether we can understand Hesiod or the Bible. The question is whether we can understand ourselves and what this actually means. How adequate is the expressed meaning to the subject himself? The fundamental basis of hermeneutics, its ability and its necessity is the presence of external and internal in a word, speech, sign, etc. The presence of hidden meaning, metaphoricality, connotations, polysemy, personal meaning, etc. – this makes hermeneutics possible, even regardless of its real achievements. Here the principles of F. Schleiermacher are quite appropriate: 1. Everything that is subject to interpretation should be determined only from the language of the author and the original circle of readers. 2. The meaning of every word in a given place should be determined by its connection with the meaning of the context. For example, the Greek logos may mean, in various contexts, reason and law, prose and the Savior, which is, in general, a traditional problem of translation and translators. As a result, it should be noted that the problem of stratification of hermeneutic experience is fundamental for understanding the very essence of hermeneutics. This experience is not a separate form of it, at present we can talk about the fact that it permeates all humanitarian knowledge, which allows us to talk about the formation of a special hermeneutic cultural, semantic, semantic space in which any person should make sense. This attitude allows a completely different look at the role and tasks of hermeneutics on the way of turning it into a universal philosophical methodology. (shrink)

The article is dedicated to the analysis of axiological ideas lying in the foundation of the modern economic science in general and theory of finances in particular. The concept of homo economicus and its origins are considered. Concept of the "homo economicus" is used in the modern philosophic and methodologic literature on methodologic questions of economical science is used in two meanings. The first considers homo economicus only as a technical construct or model created in the form of certain hypotheses (...) and suppositions set taken in their limit form as an idealization. The second takes it as a certain anthropologic type characterized with according values and behavior. It was demonstrated that the concept of homo economicus has a long before-history consisting in gradual break-up between economical theory and ethics. The homo economicus is a person who build his behavior through calculation of his profit. The latter is a form of his self-discipline that forms a new system of norms free from moral and other similar things. The new system of norms suppose no stable tenets and axioms as it takes place in ethics but remains rational and is based on probabilities calculations. The evolution of economical science is regarded as well as its division into political philosophy and proper economic theory in the end of the XIX century, the role of the growth principle, the growth in spite of anything that stood to the first place in the time of the Great Depression and goes on occupying this place till now. It is demonstrated that the essence of money consists in being a symbol and sign of debt obligations, that the capital is representation of their accumulated form and moving power that makes market economics to move. It is shown also that namely the ideas of capital as well as labour compound axiological foundation of modern economical ideas. The homo economicus or economical man, that means individualistic and egotistic psychotype oriented onto profit and satisfaction of his desires, becomes conceptual ideal. (shrink)

This article presents the analysis of human resource of the society and demonstrate the creating of portrait of working-age population in the case of Konotop AH. Identified that the human resources are not often have presented as a source of development, but as a burden. However, the human potential is a key inside resource and the basis of social investment. Human potential but not land or infrastructure form the possibilities and success of the hromada. This article has noted that an (...) important step in the formation of a strategy for hromada development is the analysis of the human resource of the company according generating of the portrait of working-age people AH. That will allow the hromada to assess objectively their own social potential. The authors propose an integral profile with developed structure of creation of the working-age population, which includes the following components: a quantitative socio-demographic indicators of working-age population; birth /death rate, age-sex structure, level of education, family as a social institute; quantitative socio-professional indicators of the working-age population: employment structure, unemployment, labor migration, social pressure; qualitative socio-professional indicators of the working-age population: the needs in job, readiness for employment and the expectations of the labor market, willingness to learn/re-learn/upgrade the skills, migration intentions, the vision of the community. The calculations with the study of the portrait of the working-age population in Konotop AH was carried out on the basis of statistical data obtained from the Main Department of statistics in Sumy region and the results of sociological research conducted by the project team. The results of the study found that in Konotop AH over the last 5 years there is a reduction of the total population and has the advantage of working female population over the male. The shadowing of the labor market is a powerful and acceptable for the main part residents. Unemployment is «chronic» in nature and exceeds the average of the 12 months. The state sector is one of the largest, employing local people. We can therefore expect that any reduction of the state sector will cause public discontent and rising unemployment. The private sector is underdeveloped in the hromada, and is half the proportion of people employed in it. That is, the private sector is a reserve of the hromada, which can contribute to reducing unemployment. In addition, the loss of any benefits is a major demotivation of the population in employment, because in an uncertain labour market, social assistance is perceived by a stable source of income. About a third of those who do not work, focus on certain «external» factors and explain their status as non-working with a lack of work that would arrange them for these or other parameters: "no suitable job", "no job in my specialty", "does not good the level of payment". And much less people talk about factors in their own willingness to learn, to retrain, and more. In general, against this background the certain social traits of the productive population have crystallized and reflecting and reinforcing all the negative aspects of the labor market. Yes, paternalistic attitudes and high expectations are widespread, a considerable part of the population considers their experience and qualification to be sufficient, and sees the reasons for the existing difficulties in employment rather in the situation on the labor market and the demands and behavior of employers. (shrink)

The prerequisites for the formation of the theory of post-structuralism within the framework of sociological theory are set out in the article. The problems of the development of neo-functionalism as the first direction of post-structural sociological theory as an alternative theory to structural functionalism have been identified. The prospects for further research in the formulation and implementation of career strategies and scenarios within post-structuralism have been explored. The influence of postmodern sociological and socio-philosophical ideas on the structure of societies by (...) post-structural type is evaluated. The patterns of post-structural transformations in the countries of Western and Eastern Europe are characterized. The mechanisms of post-structural transformation of social structures of the countries of Western Europe and the state support of these processes on the example of economic reforms by M. Thatcher are considered in the text. The problems of transformation of the structures of the societies of the countries of Eastern Europe have been clarified and compared with the social and socio-economic features of the parade of sovereignty of the Soviet republics and the countries party to the Warsaw Pact. The peculiarities of the transformation of the structures of society by post-structural type in different parts of Europe are compared. The impact of the liberal transformation of public institutions in the second half of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century on the formation and implementation of career strategies of Europeans was evaluated. The peculiarities of the formation of career strategies within societies with transformed public institutions by post-structural type are determined. An outline of the development of further career strategies and scenarios in the short and medium term perspectives for the formation and implementation of career strategies in Europe is provided. The article deals with the peculiarities of planning career strategies in the framework of post-structuralism and the peculiarities of the influence of neo-functionalism on. The concept of career strategy in the context of the achievements of the sociology of post-structuralism is considered. Examples of career strategies developed within a post-structural society are examined and ways of their evolution are explored. The peculiarities of the formation of career strategies at different stages of the evolution of a post-structural society are analyzed and forecasts of their further development are given. The author emphasized that poststructuralism was the answer to the crisis of structural functionalism, whose methodology could no longer satisfy most sociologists and the scientific community in providing valid research and interpretations of social relations in the societies of Western Europe and North America. It has been suggested that in the future, post-structuralist society will be modernized into a society that will have a more stable structure through differentiation of society by individual value orientations, which will allow to function within individual social structures, which will be massive and will not intersect at one another, but will not intersect at one another. only massive public structures. This will allow the implementation of offline career strategies within a separate public structure. (shrink)

The article deals with library space of Katerinoslav during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921. The role of educational societies in the process of Ukrainization is highlighted, the influence of political events on the state of librarianship is determined. The state and activity of libraries of various departmental subordination, namely public libraries, libraries of educational institutions, societies and religious institutions are analyzed. Special attention is given to events that spread the Ukrainian idea, supported Ukrainian traditions and helped to spread the Ukrainian (...) book. During this time, the contribution of Prosvita society was significant. The activity of this society was short, but deeply meaningful. The issues of printed Bulletin of Prosvita are a bibliographic rarity. The sources significantly help to present a complete picture of cultural and educational life of people’s libraries operating in the province and contributed to the reading of Ukrainian literature. The contribution of educational libraries of the province to the development of Ukrainian literary heritage and formation of Ukrainian-language book collections are revealed. The historical milestones in the development of book collections of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University scientific library are shown. The article provides information on the activities of Katerinoslav Theological Seminary and significant contribution of its leaders to the development of book industry of the region based on archival materials. Unresearched library reports allow to find out the reasons that impeded the process and reveal facts about support of library work in Katerinoslav. Considerable attention is paid to determining the place and role of Ukrainian publishing houses and bookstores. The newly created societies became a reliable link between the library and Katerinoslav readers. Replenishment of library collections with new prepared Ukrainian publications on history, literature studies and fiction was an urgent task in the process of gradual development of Ukrainian publishing in 1917–1920 years. (shrink)

The focus of this article is focused on the study of peculiarities of the contemporary aestheticization of urban space as a product of emotional capitalism. Noted that the concepts "society experiences" and "experience economy" fixed vector of cultural changes of modern society, and suggest new theoretical trajectory of sociological research. Control for the "experience" in this case can be considered a new form of public influence in which not last role is played by the mass media, which is a kind (...) of mediator for the active promotion of a variety of emotions, first and foremost sensual pleasure. Pointed out that the aestheticization of the contemporary urban space is connected with the logic of the functioning of emotional capitalism. The modern city is forced to form their own "alphabet of feelings", which prescribes rules for their feelings in different situations. Entertainment in the city acquires the features of a universal model, it is a particular code value in U. Eco, that is, a symbolic system that can reveal the contents of the message depending on the purpose and conditions of the functioning of the spectacle. Life in a modern city full of wealth of their own unrest, and the aestheticization of urban space is associated with replication "markets experiences" that focus on the commercialization of human feelings. The emotional richness of urban design has become a part of an overall program of total consumption. The theatricality, iconization and glamor can be considered as the main strategy "emotionalization" of urban space that aims at the reproduction of the effects of the "experience economy". Stressed that the idea glamorizes urban space can be traced in the concepts of the theoreticians of the "creative city", appealing to psychologically and design analysis of the urban environment, and the militarization of urban space through the creation of militaristic icons that form the therapeutically-emotional space. Respectively iconic images serve as points of reference, the individual ascribes to them a special importance as images that represent something significant for social life. (shrink)

The purpose of the work is to shed light on the connection of the religious and mystical culture to the process of metacognition and how it is represented in the Holy Scriptures of religious texts. The methodology for acquiring new knowledge is based on a comparative research method. At the same time different states of mystics and artists were compared, texts of Holy Scripture of different religions were compared. The scientific news is that the artist's exaltation of the mystic with (...) the metacognition of the mystic has been found, the connection of these processes, which are reflected in the Scriptures of religious texts. Conclusions: The exalted mysticism and the artist have a similarity related to the process of metacognition and is reflected in the scriptures of different religions. Exalted is a kind of beautiful. Very close in value to the sublime category is the majestic category. Both the exalted and the majestic directed their understanding upwards into the sky. In religion, this is the orientation of the Almighty, which is great in the opposition of big and small. In the opposition of the significant and the minor, the Almighty is significant. (shrink)

This article is part of a research conducted as part of the Support Program for Doctoral Studies of Shota Rustaveli Georgian National Science Foundation.This article is part of a research conducted as part of the Support Program for Doctoral Studies of Shota Rustaveli Georgian National Science Foundation.Name of the research – "Interdisciplinary analysis of the complex system of the Abkhazian conflict by the method 4D-RAV-17". The method is a combination of well-known and innovative approaches and techniques. This article is part (...) of the abovementioned research. The complex system of the Abkhazian conflict in this article received a conditional definition – the Abkhazian crisis. The political component of the complex system is accordingly called the Abkhazian political crisis and is the main object of research in the framework of the article.The article is aimed at solving a specific scientific and applied task – at determining a scientifically based method for the positive transformation of the Abkhazian political crisis and the transition to a new level of political order – to the Abkhazian security community.The article considers the possibility of carrying out work on the development and implementation of a new, alternative to the existing, peacemaking process, which can be based on the policy of the transition of the Abkhazian political crisis to a new political order.Consecutive transition tools are the following:• building a model of the structure of the Abkhazian political crisis;• The concept of awareness of common threats;• The concept of the Abkhazian security community.The work can be attributed to the following studies: Abkhazian Studies; Conflicts and Peace Studies, Crisis Studies, Security Studies, Political Studies and International Studies.The practical significance of the work and novelty. As a result of a reflective analysis of the past and existing political and scientific discourse, the absence of holistic research and the dominance of reductionism in the perception and description of the Abkhazian crisis and individual conflicts – its components - were first shown. In scientific works, a mostly complex and multi-component conflict is taken down to a hybrid and scientifically unreasonable formulation – "Georgian-Abkhazian" conflict. This wording also dominates in political discourse and even in international documents.As a result of a thoroughful analysis and synthesis of the information received, for the first time a brief and conditional definition was given to the complex system of the Abkhazian conflict – "Abkhazian crisis".As a result of this research, for the first time, at a scientific level, security threats are considered as a resource for peacemaking and the Concept of awareness of common threats is formulated.Also, for the first time, the well-known Theory of the Security Community for International Relations of Karl Deutsch was proposed. It was adapted to the specifics of this conflict, not only related to the dimension of international relations. The political component of the crisis was classified in the research and a model of the Abkhazian political crisis was proposed, which includes both the domestic and international components of the crisis. The presented definition – "mixed conflict" theoretically resolved the conflict between supporters to define this conflict as "internal, local" and those who consider it "international". This is a useful solution for other political conflicts of the post-Soviet Union space, in particular, for the "Donbas crisis".From a theoretical and practical points of view, attention was drawn to the fact that Security Studies are considered a subsystem of studies in the field of International Studies, which does not allow the effective use of existing scientific achievements in these fields for mixed conflicts.The article proposes specific innovative ideas for implementing these approaches and techniques. This article proposes solutions to the problems of increasing the effectiveness of the peacemaking process. The task itself has an innovative character, since basically researches conducted earlier in this area is more focused on the Conflicts Studies, rather than Peace Studies. In particular, this concerns the lack of research aimed at studying the effectiveness of peacemaking processes.As a result of formalization of the results obtained, the article presents new political concepts – neologisms, which until now have not been used in relation to this issue. Among them the following may be outlined: "Abkhazian crisis"; "Mixed conflict", "secessionists of Abkhazia"; "unionists of Abkhazia"; "irredentists of Abkhazia"; "Internationalization of the peacemaking process"; "legitimacy of peacemaking formats"; "democratization of the negotiation process"; "Abkhazian Security Community".As a result of the conducted work, an algorithm of stage-by-stage actions is presented, which can lead to a way out of the crisis and a transition to a new level of management culture and political order. It also provides specific practical recommendations that can be used by the participants in the process.Research on improvement of this model is ongoing, the following articles are being prepared, and negotiations are conducted on implementation with representatives of the participating parties at the expert and political levels.This research may be useful for those interested in the Abkhazian issue, as well as for adapting and using the approaches and techniques described in this article to improve the quality of peacemaking processes to resolve other conflicts and crises. (shrink)

The article analyzes the state of the study in the contemporary historiographical discourse of the problem of self-organization of Ukrainian public life in the second half of the ХІХth – the beginning of the XXth century. It has been found that democratization of the political system and renewal of the methodological tools provided an opportunity for historians to view the social life of the given historical period on the basis of a synergistic methodology of self-organization of social systems. It has (...) been discovered that the historiographical position on the dynamics of social self-organization of the Ukrainians ranging from cultural life to the institution of political parties is considered legitimate among scholars. It has been proved that in contemporary historiography the processes of the contemporary self-organization of the Ukrainian society are considered in three specific historical areas, namely socio-civic, national-political and spiritual-cultural, the relationship between which was sometimes both consistent and synchronous. The development of them demonstrated the emergence of new organizational forms of social self-organization and institutionalization of civil society and political system in Ukraine in the XIXth century. Studying both theoretical and methodological, as well as definite historical dimensions of the Ukrainian national movement, the researchers agree that the cultural and educational content of national revival under the influence of objective circumstances has evolved into political one. Much attention is given to the analysis of the historians’ vision of the content of socio-civic self-organization, which was represented by the development of public organizations and movements grounded on the ideas of civil society but lacked political requirements. Among them scientists single out such factors as hlopomanstvo, social movement, organization "Prosvita", the establishment of Shevchenko scientific society, the publication of socially significant newspapers and journals, the establishment of a cooperative movement. The dynamics of the social organization have determined the politicization of the national movement, which allows scientists to speak about national and political self-organization. Establishment of political parties, active participation of the Ukrainians in the activities of the imperial representative bodies of the government, the spread of social and democratic political ideology, the emergence of political leadership and others are considered its institutional representatives. Researchers emphasize that in the late ХІХth and early XXth centuries, national revival entered the political stage, which became a prerequisite for the beginning of the Ukrainian National Democratic Revolution of 1917–1921. It has been found out that the concept "self-organization" reveals the essence of the socio-political and socio-cultural processes of the time, since the Ukrainians established cultural and educational societies, public organizations and political parties contrary to the imperial and anti-Ukrainian policy of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires. It was outlined that the spiritual and cultural aspects of self-organization were illustrated by the activities of Ukrainian cultural and educational societies, the development of Ukrainian periodicals, the commemoration of the anniversaries of Ukrainian writers and artists, the activities of Ukrainian theater, etc. (shrink)

From the position of meta-anthropology, at the article are analyzed the values of being: the value of the archetypes of good, freedom, love, unity of freedom and love, as well as the value of such an existential as the meaning of human existence. The value of the sense of being is analized in a research from such points of view as: life not only for the sake of self-preservation and minimization of suffering, but also for the development, holistic harmonious realization (...) by a humanity of such qualities that make a person capable not only for the consumering of the benefits of civilization, but also becoming a creator of culture, seeking for the harmony of spiritual, soul and physical needs, the ability to express empathy and to overcome the existential problems of despair and fear of death, remaining a human creator, maintaining traditional human values and existentials, such as love and freedom. The value of the archetypes of good, freedom, love and the criteria of good and evil are analyzed in the field of such existentially important concepts as free will and the human right for the traditional and sacred values. The study focuses on the important theme of the loss of criteria of good and evil, which, as a rule, is proposed by transhumanism, having a basis for this in the philosophy of the postmodern era, as well as the search for ways out of the existential, spiritual, soul and moral-ethical crisis in order to preserve the human values. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of philosophers of different periods, studies of psychologists and psychoanalysts, including contemporary, recent work of domestic researchers in meta-anthropology, as well as recent work of foreign representatives of transhumanism. There is made a conclusion that the preserving the existantials of the culture in human existence is impossible without maintaining the traditional criteria of good and evil in the context of sacred transcendental values. (shrink)

A notion of "essentially contested concepts", introduced by a prominent British philosopher W. B. Gallie in 1956, still remains practically unknown or at least not sufficiently well researched in the Ukrainian political science. In order for this notion to be applied as a tool in empirical studies either using data on political processes in Ukraine or studying external processes from a Ukrainian perspective, it has to be defined and discussed. This article provides an original definition of essentially contested concepts as (...) it was introduced by Gallie, and his seven original criteria for defining a given concept an essentially contested are presented and commented. As a great master of his mother tongue – the English language – W. B. Gallie used a plethora of opportunities provided to him by the richness of his language to put forward and advocate for his idea of essential contestability of some concepts. Consequently, a number of criteria for defining essentially contested concepts possess some unique qualities that may be lost once translated into another language – which is also the case with Ukrainian translation. This article points to a number of such instances, of which Ukrainian scholars should be aware, namely: the original component "contested" provided for a whole stream of discussion regarding the "contestedness" of some concepts as a genuine quality of phenomena that will inevitably become objects of constant disputes and contestations. Secondly, the criteria of "appraisiveness" and "diverse describability" are not easily translated and need to be taken care of when applying them as practical characteristics of concepts under study. This article lists the original criteria for the essentially contested concepts: appraisive character of such concepts, their internal complexity, diverse describability, openness, recognition of their contested essence by the contending parties, existence of an exemplar that anchors conceptual meaning of such a concept, and progressive contestation by means of which a better coherence of concept’s usage can be achieved. Moreover this article also pays attention to a number of additional nuances articulated by Gallie that are of great importance when dealing with essentially contested concepts: the lack of any quantitative scheme or general rule for deciding on the best concept in any contestation regarding the correct use of such a concept and the fact that the uses of essentially contested concepts are discussed and debated "aggressively and defensively" by the contesting parties. Despite the fact that Gallie didn’t pay any attention to the linguistic side of concept’s studies, this article shows that a search for an original meaning of any concept can be misleading – or even illusory. Using two examples of contested concepts – "populism" in the works of two German scholars J.W. Müller and B. Stegemann and the “virus of dictatorship” by the Dutch social psychologist F. Schaper, this article demonstrates that the essence of such concepts can be contested based on the ideological stances taken by the contesting parties, as well as because of the choice of terms and methodologies embodied into the discussion of the correct uses of such concepts. Finally, this article calls for further enquiries into the studies of the nature of modern discourses in which different concepts are debated and contested. (shrink)

The features of functioning of information system in the society of the Second modern in conditions of military conflict are analyzed in the article. Also we tried to analyze connection of this features with characteristics of the political and economic systems of this type of society. Television continues to be the main source of information about state of affairs in Ukraine and in the world, although it’s influence is decreasing. The concentration of media ownership in the hands of financial and (...) industrial groups, associated with political forces, is an important issue. Online media and social networks are the second among the sources of information about state of affairs in Ukraine and in the world. Their increasing influence raises the question of the power of large internet companies, who have the ability to control information flows, provide an opportunity to use the information aggregated by them for the application of specific political technologies of influence on the public sphere. These companies are out of control of the regulatory mechanisms of state institutions in most countries, which creates vulnerabilities in the public sphere of nation-states to influence from other countries and unregulated aspects of online electoral campaigns. The crisis of confidence in traditional media increases the importance of offline and online networks of social interactions as a source of information. Data in Ukraine, Europe and USA show that loss of confidence in public institutions, rise of populism directly related to the decline in confidence in traditional media. The level of trust in vaccination in different regions of the world is also analyzed in the context of the functioning of media institutions and other public institutions. Modern media tend to mix entertaining formats with political information. Converting policy to show, spreading fakes, noticeable dependence of media on certain political and economic groups and media’s partiality, weakening of expert filters undermines confidence in traditional and new media. Although the importance of social media for the democratization of the public sphere exists. Decreasing confidence in media in general converted to the сonfidence in concrete media figures. The article also contains generalization of researches of media consumption in Ukraine in first part of 2019. (shrink)

The article comprehensively examines the social sources of armed violence, as one of the important phenomena in the development of humanity. Based on the analysis of works by leading Ukrainian and foreign scientists, the author considers the essence of the phenomenon of armed violence in the context of the development of social violence. In particular, a significant number of scientific papers have been analyzed, in which certain aspects of the topic chosen for research are disclosed, the main approaches and concepts (...) that have developed in the process of studying this issue are identified and characterized. The complex characteristic of the basic concepts that studied in the article is presented. The term "social violence" the author understands as the application by one class or another of a social group of various forms of coercion, up to armed influence, against other classes and social groups in order to obtain or maintain economic and political dominance, to gain these or those rights or privileges. Accordingly, armed violence is interpreted as a way to achieve the goals using weapons. The author agrees with the opinion of a significant number of scientists regarding the definition of armed violence as a radical form of the use of social violence. As a result of the research, the author has come to the conclusion that violence has been characteristic of the human environment since its occurrence. As most scholars have noted, since the emergence of social relations, violence, including armed violence, has been one of the most important ways to achieve the goals of controlling and asserting dominance in other members of social communities. Armed violence is the most radical form of achievement of the aforementioned goal. As a form of social interaction, as noted by psychologists, armed violence is the result of the transformation of animal instincts that, in the course of social evolution, have evolved into one of the specific forms of struggle for domination within complex human communities. This is the main scientific value of the articles analyzed in the article. At the same time, as the analysis of the researched works has shown, the further classification of the types of armed violence according to the spheres of its application in social life and its varieties, according to the tasks, which are realized in the process of its use, needs further consideration. The article assumes that the most important criterion for the classification of violence is the use of weapons in this process. It is noted that no one can doubt that armed violence is violence. It is suggested to consider the main goal of most unarmed forms of social violence − the prevention of armed forms of confrontation. These aspects will be addressed in future scientific publications. (shrink)

The article analyzes the main socio-philosophical problems of the transformation of modern global media in the development of information and communication technologies, which involves the active emergence of new generation communication channels. The main factors substantiating the process of intensive structural and functional transformation of the entire media system are disclosed. Various approaches to the definition of the concept of "media space" are analyzed. The main features of modern media space as such and media space in its connection with social (...) space are determined. It is proved that the development and transformation of media is carried out under the influence of new technological trends, which determine the main vector of development of society as a whole. Analyzing the main technological trends of the near future, a forecast is provided on how the media space and society are being transformed, in particular, attention is focused on the emergence of cyberspace with elements of virtual and augmented reality, as well as artificial intelligence as new interactive types of media. Particular attention in this publication is given to the problem of the creation and functioning of artificial intelligence. It is considered that the problem of artificial intelligence in modern science has embraced a wide range of studies. Modern philosophical reflections on artificial intelligence represent a wide problem field that is constantly changing and refined, and in the context of artificial intelligence, not only problems such as the prospects of self-organizing computer systems are studied, but also the ethical aspects of the application of artificial intelligence technologies. It is noted that an understanding of the concept of artificial intelligence does not exist today, and therefore further reflections on it can not only specify these areas of research, but also radically change the currently prevailing idea of the possibility and potential of artificial intelligence. (shrink)

The article deals with an interesting but insufficiently and not clearly enough discussed in the historiographical process research perspective, which is related to the reconstruction, from the present day viewpoint, of the efforts and attempts of the national political elite to implement the idea of state autonomy of Ukraine through the mechanism of the so-called All-Russian Constituency during the existence of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and taking into account the choice of the model of democratic social progress in the late (...) 1917 – early 1918. This storyline is considered in the context of political activity of the Central Rada and its leaders M. Hrushevsky, V. Vinnychenko, other participants of the national-liberation movement of the Ukrainian Revolution, implementation of certain steps to legitimize this institute as the supreme body of government and governance on the territory of Ukraine of that time, the consolidation of the political party on the basis of the traditions and experience of national government. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of universals of the Central Rada in the course of strengthening its power positions, search and realization of the optimal formula of national and territorial autonomy of Ukraine, exercisingits right of final approval as the All-Russian "founder", formation of the UNR etc. The article makes an emphasis on the aggravation of the UNR relations with the Bolshevik government of Russia as a result of its ultimatum to the Rada and the unleashing of war against the UNR. The results of the elections in Ukraine which took place before the All-Russian and Ukrainian Constituent Assembly are described in the article. In addition, the rating of the main political forces in the regional dimension, first to be formed through such a democratic procedure, is studied. The substantiated conclusion is made about the actual failure of the phenomenon of the Constituency being dismissed by the Bolshevik government as a long-awaited tool in the public and political sphere for resolving the Ukrainian issue, the rapid decline in society under pressure of many factors of authority and influence of the Central Rada, the final collapse of its illusions to achieve a real autonomy of Ukraine under Moscow’s supervision. (shrink)

Value senses are considered in the context of dynamics of Ukraine’s political system in information epoch. Stability of a political system depends on its ability to respond effectively to challenges, to adapt to internal and external changes. The importance of objective socio-economic indicators, choice of priorities of state policy and availability of common, recognized by majority of citizens, socio-cultural and spiritual values and meanings for normal functioning of the country are emphasized. Attention is focused on one of the key factors (...) of stabilization – maintaining and enhancing of national understanding concerning major national development tasks, goals and axiological meanings. A necessary condition for stable development is formation of an information space that corresponds to main values of national socio-cultural field. This space, in turn, has its positive and negative sides, and therefore carries some risks. The necessity for creation an effective model of value senses of public understanding of a complex approach, which provides ensuring of freedom as a security by the state. It is emphasized that it is important to harmonize challenges related to both tradition and innovations in order to achieve a stable state of society. The specific contradictions between these components under the present Ukrainian conditions are revealed. The content of axiological guidelines, which are priority for forming stability of both society and political regime, was analyzed. Two models of political stability of society and their characteristics are considered. The current state of destabilization of Ukrainian society is indicated: significance of the contingency factor has increased critically and the important regulatory and controlling functions have been lost by the power. The need for authorities and society to work together to restore the original model of understanding that existed at the beginning of Ukraine’s independence was noted. Significant part of responsibility for this state of affairs, especially for widen the division in Ukrainian society, lays in domestic political elite, which, instead of mobilizing values in socio-political space and uniting the efforts of citizens around constructive development goals, seeks to rely on external support. (shrink)

The social and legal of mental basis of the historical memory of the Ukrainian people is revealed. It is determined that the legal mentality is most often understood as a certain set of moods, features of thinking and justice, legal traditions and habits of a social subject, fundamental beliefs and vestiges, thinking about their whole legal existence, interaction with the environment. It provides for the storage and transmission from generation to generation of mental information, rules and regulations that guarantee historical (...) reproducibility and self-identity; it has been manufactured for centuries and is durable and durable. It is found that legal mentality is also dynamic – it defines ways to respond to legal receptions and innovations, provides adaptation mechanisms, the ability to adapt to the changing conditions of material and spiritual being. It is proved that the legal mentality of Ukrainian society was formed back in the pre-Christian era – in the mythological representations of ancient Ukrainians God of Heaven Svarog passed to people a number of laws, among which are: to honor God; avoid wrongs and follow the truth; to honor your race; seek wisdom; to honor one another, to live in harmony. It is established that the agricultural and sedentary inherited way of life, which contributed to the affirmation of the female component – the most common regulatory archetypes and symbols in the Ukrainian legal culture are the images of Mother of God, Mother of Earth, Nenka-Ukraine. It is revealed that for the Ukrainian people there is also a normative-legal introvert which enhances the influence of such qualities as moderation, consistent persistence, balance, ability to change oneself and the world. It is traced that the Cossack period supplemented the legal mentality of Ukrainians with the features of democracy, freedom, equality and brotherhood. Thus, in the historical memory of Ukraine, the mental traditions of democracy, which were manifested not only in the institutes of the Cossack council, the eldership council, the election of most state bodies and positions, but also in the features of local self-government, were entrenched. (shrink)

The author considers the degree of scientific development of the regional policy problem as an important component of the development of Ukraine. Conceptual principles of spatial regionalism, their essence and methods of research are substantiated. The attention is paid to the study of spatial patterns of regions development and to the features of the "center-regions" relations system development. Significant attention is paid to the study of trends in regionalization as a priority improvement of regional economic policy and mechanisms for its (...) implementation. The greatest interest here is the institutionalization of the relations of state power with subnational territories; the division of powers between the regional authorities and the representatives of the central administration. The main goal of local authorities should be to provide a variety of quality services to communities with optimal costs in open activities and accountability to the community and the state. The modern theoretical and methodological foundations of regional social systems research are highlighted. Attention is paid to the problems of securing national interests, in particular the achievement of the unity of Ukrainian society, the observance of the integrity of the state, which is realized through the formation of a common identity of the citizens of Ukraine and is a prerequisite for the viability of the state, the effectiveness of its policy and the full implementation of national interests. It is established that the key to understanding the peculiarities of creating a single identity, which will unite the majority of Ukrainian citizens, is the prerequisite for forming a political nation in Ukraine as a community, belonging to which is based on citizenship, approval of common values of the state, unity of representatives interests of different ethnic, linguistic, regional and religious-confessional groups of Ukraine. The achievement of internal consolidation of Ukrainian society, on the one hand, is a favorable factor for qualitative and internal political transformations; and, on the other hand, to strengthen the foreign policy positions of independent Ukraine. (shrink)

In the article the possibility of application of the futures concept E. Toffler to explain changes in commemorating the objects and practices of the modern urban environment. The theoretical justification of the concept of "space" as one of the central categories of science, and it kind of "social space", that is, of course, the object of the social sciences and humanities, primarily sociological analysis. The proposed explanatory scheme the ratio of physical and social space. Provides an overview of the concept (...) of "urban space" as a specific education between physical and social space. Attention is drawn to the possibility of using a semiotic approach to the identified issues within the urban space. Based on the semiotic approach identified the need in our study to consider certain points in urban space, which are able to perform the function of historical and social translation of the past – "places of memory", and their General set – «landscapes of memory». Moreover that «landscapes of memory» and a separate "places of memory" of urban space is a resource mapping of the historical and social memory in the city. For clarity, the conceptual-categorylink research system, a distinction between "social" and "historical" memory. Outline the General provisions of the wave concept E. Toffler, namely the explanation of the three "waves" which are defined by the author as a large-scale global process of social dynamics. Recorded discussion of memory through the circuit of the wave of change in society. For memory analysis in contemporary urban space using wave concept of E. Toffler made the distinction between the concepts "memory" and "memory in the city", which differ in the locality translocase images of the past: the particular city or events and personalities outside the city. The study carried out analysis of the characteristics of the existence of «places of memory» and related commemorative practices in the contemporary and divergent of the future city, based on the idea regarding relationship E. Toffler’s "Second wave" and "Third wave" in modern society. (shrink)

The article deals with gnosis and features of metacognition. Initially, the Gnostics considered whether the term "gnosis" was used, what knowledge did they gain from certain experiences. The subject matter of the study reveals important features of the human psyche. For example, the property of separating one’s self from the external environment is like seeing oneself from the side. This property empowers a person in communicating with other people. This expanded opportunity purifies the human being, because it leads to self-control. (...) During vegetable growing, conditions of a special nature can be experienced by themselves. The Gnostics also spoke about it. The article states that the philosophy of gnosis operates through belief in the special inner world of man, the higher world. But this higher can only be felt when a person is in a state of enstasis as a compensatory trance. The article compares the gnosis of the ancient world with modern philosophical trends. Here, in the descriptions of the inner world of man, the divine transcendence is demonstrated. In this regard, the Gnostics sought knowledge of the true state of mind. This search is engaged in metacognition. The author of the article considers it necessary to clarify what metacognition is. A person has the ability to understand what he or she is thinking. Scientists call it metacognition. Metacognition is when a person feels the world not through the prism of his thoughts, but directly. We can also see this in Gnostics with deep compensatory enstasis, or compensatory trance. Then the person stands apart, because it breaks all the wrong connections. Gnosis tries to capture the knowledge of all these processes. Metacognition helps to establish certain characteristics of compensatory trance, to establish characteristics of compensatory illumination. Compensatory illumination may occur in a state of a particular type of trance. Therefore, the article tries to look at the relationship of compensatory trance and compensatory illumination. (shrink)

In 2008–2011, the Council of Ministers of Poland adopted the Privatization Plan of 802 companies, which became a significant stage in the process of property transformation in the country. Privatized enterprises gained more independence, quickly adapting to market changes. The separation and privatization of large companies enhances competitiveness and hinders the political struggle for the management of state property. The refusal to subsidize unprofitable state enterprises can reduce budget spending.On the other hand, privatization has led to mass layoffs of workers, (...) many companies seek to use privatization as a process of speculative enrichment, not caring that people can find alternative jobs on similar financial conditions and near their place of residence. Poland is one of the countries that could potentially attract more and more foreign investment. Increasingly, wealthy foreign corporations win tenders, which poses a threat to domestic producers. The Subcarpathian Voivodeship is in a difficult economic situation due to its peripheral geographical position. Despite the difficult situation on the labor market and in the economy of Subcarpathia, respondents do not see a chance to improve living standards due to dynamic privatization and restructuring. The paper was inspired by the results of empirical studies conducted in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, which indicated a cool attitude of respondents to the processes of restructuring and privatization. The article identifies potential areas of economic activity that may contribute to raising economic standards in the regional market. The author considers it appropriate to strengthen state control over privatized enterprises in order to more effectively use the existing potential for the economic development of the Subcarpathian region and eliminate its economic backwardness. (shrink)

From the point of view of metaanthropology, the article analyzes the values of human being: the value of security, power, freedom, love, unity of freedom and love, as well as the value of such existentials as the sense & meaningfullness of human being & exsistance. The value of the sense of human being & exsistance is analized in a research from such points of view as: life not only for the sake of self-preservation and minimization of suffering, but also for (...) the development, holistic harmonious realization by a humanity of such qualities that make a person capable not only for the consumering of the benefits of civilization, but also becoming a creator of culture, seeking the harmony of spiritual, soul and physical needs, the ability to express empathy and to overcome the existential problems of despair and fear of death, remaining a human creator, maintaining traditional human values and existentials, such as love and freedom. The value of the meaning of human life is analyzed in the realm of such existential concepts as free will and human right to have traditional values. The study focuses on the important theme of the loss of meaningful existentials, which, as a rule, is proposed by transhumanism, having a basis for this in the philosophy of the postmodern era, as well as the search for ways out of the existential, spiritual, soul and moral-ethical crisis in order to preserve the human values. The theoretical basis of the study was the work of philosophers of different periods, studies of psychologists and psychoanalysts, including contemporary, recent work of domestic researchers in meta-anthropology, as well as recent work of foreign representatives of transhumanism. There is made a conclusion that the unification of the values of freedom and love in a person’s life is impossible without preserving the traditional existentials of culture, in particular, such as spirituality, empathy, the capacity for compassion and feelings, which make sense of a human existence & being. (shrink)

The article deals with the process of initiation and implementation of the idea of creating the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the social and political discourse of the USSR in the late 1980s – early 1990s. The positions of key pro-Ukrainian public associations and movements, their programs, and statements concerning the "Ukrainianization" of the military forces that were located in the USSR are explored. An estimation of the position of these forces on public policy in the military sphere is given. (...) It has been found out that the majority of the public associations and movements created under the conditions of "restructuring" insisted on the need for de-ideologization and demilitarization of social and political life. In most cases, members of such organizations required on the need to form military units based on the existing USSR armed forces exclusively from residents of the republic, who would report directly to the leadership of the USSR. Besides, the demand for military service by USSR citizens only within the republic remained one of the principal in the speech of Ukrainian associations and movements. The main proposals for possible reform of the military sphere on the territory of the republic are outlined. The author points out that among the Ukrainian intelligentsia, there were different visions regarding the ways of creating such forces. One part insisted on the creation of armed forces subordinated to the government based on and in the composition of the armed forces of the USSR. The other required a complete reboot of the military sphere, the introduction of a new approach to the army formation, and, ultimately, the creation of an army of an independent Ukraine. Much attention is given to the youth’s opinion about the ideologization and militarization of the Soviet high school. Representatives of the student youth were much more active than other social groups, expressing their dissatisfaction with the current situation, which resulted in spontaneous protests against the authorities. It was concluded that, at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, the issue of military development was one of the key issues in the activities of Ukrainian unions, movements, and the first political parties. The members of these organizations were aware of the need to create an armed force in Ukraine that could counteract potential threats to state sovereignty. Such policies have resulted in numerous political actions, strikes, and demonstrations, which have been used as a mechanism to put pressure on the authorities to achieve individual political goals. In the end, under public pressure, as well as in the context of disintegration processes in the USSR, these requirements were fulfilled, which created the necessary basis for the creation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. (shrink)

The article discusses the discourse on the methodological foundations of political science research and the need to outline the existing paradigms of political science research, both in the temporal-retrospective dimension and in the dimension of the subject area. It is emphasized that the determinants of defining the value of paradigm in modern political science research is the prospect of acquiring scientific novelty at the stage of determining the research topic. The focus is on the need for a more thorough consideration (...) of specific paradigmatic means of determining the methodological design of contemporary political science research. It is noted that on the basis of linguistic analysis of subject aspects of political science, one can easily see the multivariate interpretation of many essential concepts of the modern political sphere. It is argued that one can also see expansive interpretations of particular concepts and processes from a non-professional perspective. The importance of interdisciplinary natural science paradigms has been established. Attention is paid to identifying the possibility of forming a new conceptual apparatus, taking into account the concepts that have become widespread in the scientific environment. The role of the concept of "paradigm approach in modern political science" is revealed, which is aimed at understanding the peculiarities of considering political science subject within other scientific disciplines. It is proved that the leading task of paradigm as a discipline of political science is the formation of paradigmatic choice of young researcher. The peculiarities of searching for a scientist’s own «paradigm face» have been found. The ability to use the task of defining scientific novelty is emphasized to some extent. The specificity of choosing a paradigm vector of a researcher-political scientist with consideration of the requirements of interdisciplinarity is considered. The purpose of the article is to identify paradigm in political studies as a factor in the formation of authorial conceptualism against the backdrop of interdisciplinary imperatives. The purpose of the article is to highlight the main directions of paradigm and their correlation with modern political theories. It is proved that the choice of the paradigm vector of the researcher-political scientist is confronted with interdisciplinary, first of all philosophical meanings of cognition as a form of social activity. The idea that choosing one’s own paraligmal vector for a specialist political scientist is presented is important because of the need to overcome the Soviet and post-Soviet paradigmatic provinces. It turned out that the formation of the national paradigm of political science, which should be carried out only on condition that the fullest representation of all paradigm directions. The situation of paradigm choices and orientation of political scientist researcher in the world paradigm mainstream is revealed. The necessity of finding a researcher in the environment of those paradigms that give the most significant scientific result is proved. The article establishes that the combination of the universality of interdisciplinary paradigms and the optionality of paradigms for a particular political science study is carried out on the basis of a conceptual and categorical apparatus of political epistemology. It is argued that on the basis of the notion of "scientific truth ", the formation of the author’s own attitude to the subject of research and the prospect of solving his problem is carried out. (shrink)