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  1.  58
    Decision-Making Capacity and Authenticity.Tim Aylsworth & Jake Greenblum - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (3):1-9.
    There is wide consensus among bioethicists about the importance of autonomy when determining whether or not a patient has the right to refuse life-saving treatment (LST). In this context, autonomy has typically been understood in terms of the patient’s ability to make an informed decision. According to the traditional view, decision-making capacity (DMC) is seen as both necessary and sufficient for the right to refuse LST. Recently, this view has been challenged by those who think that considerations of authenticity and (...)
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  2.  4
    Two Decades of the JBI, Where to Next?Michael A. Ashby - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):211-215.
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  3.  24
    What Ethics Support for Resolving Ethical Conflicts Do Internists Use in Spanish Hospitals?Antonio Blanco Portillo, Rebeca García-Caballero, Diego Real de Asúa, Karmele Olaciregui Dague & Benjamín Herreros - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):285-293.
    Background Ethical conflicts generate difficulties in daily clinical activity. Which methods of ethical advice are most frequently used to resolve them among Spanish doctors has not been studied. The objective of this study is to describe what methods hospital internal medicine physicians in Spain use to resolve their ethical doubts and which they consider most useful. Design A cross-sectional observational study was conducted through a voluntary and anonymous survey and distributed through an ad hoc platform of the Spanish Society of (...)
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  4.  26
    A Principle-Based Approach to Visual Identification Systems for Hospitalized People with Dementia.T. V. Brigden, C. Mitchell, K. Kuberska & A. Hall - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):331-344.
    A large proportion of hospital inpatients are affected by cognitive impairment, posing challenges in the provision of their care in busy, fast-paced acute wards. Signs and symbols, known as visual identifiers, are employed in many U.K. hospitals with the intention of helping healthcare professionals identify and respond to the needs of these patients. Although widely considered useful, these tools are used inconsistently, have not been subject to full evaluation, and attract criticism for acting as a shorthand for a routinized response. (...)
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  5.  13
    Identity Disclosure Between Donor Family Members and Organ Transplant Recipients: A Description and Synthesis of Australian Laws and Guidelines.Anthony Cignarella, Andrea Marshall, Kristen Ranse, Helen Opdam, Thomas Buckley & Jayne Hewitt - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):309-329.
    The disclosure of information that identifies deceased organ donors and/or organ transplant recipients by organ donation agencies and transplant centres is regulated in Australia by state and territory legislation, yet a significant number of donor family members and transplant recipients independently establish contact with each other. To describe and synthesize Australian laws and guidelines on the disclosure of identifying information. Legislation and guidelines relevant to organ donation and transplantation were obtained following a search of government and DonateLife network websites. Information (...)
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  6.  17
    Ethical Considerations in Research With People From Refugee and Asylum Seeker Backgrounds: A Systematic Review of National and International Ethics Guidelines.Natasha Davidson, Karin Hammarberg & Jane Fisher - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):261-284.
    Refugees and asylum seekers may experience challenges related to pre-arrival experiences, structural disadvantage after migration and during resettlement requiring the need for special protection when participating in research. The aim was to review if and how people with refugee and asylum seeker backgrounds have had their need for special protection addressed in national and international research ethics guidelines. A systematic search of grey literature was undertaken. The search yielded 2187 documents of which fourteen met the inclusion criteria. Few guidelines addressed (...)
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  7.  11
    Psychiatric Illness and Clinical Negligence: When Can “Secondary Victims” Successfully Claim for Damages? Recent Developments from the United Kingdom.Edward S. Dove - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):217-224.
    On January 11, 2024, the United Kingdom (U.K.) Supreme Court rendered its judgment in _Paul v Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust_, restricting the circumstances in which “secondary victims” can successfully claim for damages in clinical negligence cases. This ruling has provided welcome clarity regarding the scope of negligently caused “pure” psychiatric illness claims, but the judgment may well prove controversial. In this article, I trace the facts and opinion from the majority and also discuss an important dissenting opinion. I then reflect (...)
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  8.  14
    Ethical Reflection on the “QR code Dilemma” Faced by Older People During COVID-19 in China.J. Han, Z. Xu & Y. Ma - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):239-248.
    The widespread application of QR code technology is best represented by the health codes used in China’s pandemic prevention and control. This technology has enhanced the country’s ability to manage the pandemic by achieving higher efficiency and accuracy. Unfortunately, a certain segment of the older population has encountered difficulties in adapting and maintaining their daily activities. This indicates the limitations of QR code technology in achieving social isolation. This article argues that for a more comprehensive pandemic prevention and control policy (...)
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  9.  11
    Suggestion for Determining Treatment Strategies in Dental Ethics.Szilárd D. Kovács - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):373-379.
    Contemporary medicine views health as the individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being. Oral health plays a crucial role in one’s well-being, as the oral cavity and its surrounding regions execute essential functions in verbal and nonverbal communication, sensing, digestion, and significantly contribute to aesthetic appearance. The multifaceted nature of the notion of oral health, as well as the patient’s needs and autonomous will result in various treatment options for the same oral state, favouring often contrasting ethical values and different aspects (...)
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  10.  25
    Review of The Political Economy of Organ Transplantation. [REVIEW]Z. Lederman - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):381-384.
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  11.  17
    The Ethical Assessment of the Stay-At-Home Order in South Africa in Light of The Universal Declaration of Bioethics And Human Rights (UNESCO).A. L. Rheeder - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):229-237.
    The South African government announced the much-discussed stay-at-home order between March 27 and April 30, 2020, during what was known as lockdown level 5, which meant that citizens were not allowed to leave their homes. The objective of this study is to assess the stay-at-home order against the global principles of the UDBHR. It is deducible that, in reference to the UDBHR, the government possessed the right to curtail individual liberty, thereby not infringing on Article 5 of the UDBHR and (...)
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  12.  13
    The Evolution of Forensic Genomics: Regulating Massively Parallel Sequencing.Marcus Smith & Seumas Miller - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):365-372.
    Forensic genomics now enables law enforcement agencies to undertake rapid and detailed analysis of suspect samples using a technique known as massively parallel sequencing (MPS), including information such as physical traits, biological ancestry, and medical conditions. This article discusses the implications of MPS and provides ethical analysis, drawing on the concept of joint rights applicable to genomic data, and the concept of collective moral responsibility (understood as joint moral responsibility) that are applicable to law enforcement investigations that utilize genomic data. (...)
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  13.  33
    Medically Assisted Death and the Ends of Medicine.Eric Vogelstein - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):249-259.
    This paper aims to refute a common line of argument that it is immoral for physicians to engage in medical assistance in death (MAiD), i.e., the practices of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. The argument in question is based on the notion that participating in MAiD is contrary to the professional-role obligations of physicians, due to MAiD’s putative inconsistency with the ends of medicine. The paper describes several major flaws from which that argument suffers.
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  14.  11
    (1 other version)Putting “Epistemic Injustice” to Work in Bioethics: Beyond Nonmaleficence.S. Wallaert & S. Segers - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):225-228.
    We expand on Della Croce’s ambition to interpret “epistemic injustice” as a specification of non-maleficence in the use of the influential four-principle framework. This is an alluring line of thought for conceptual, moral, and heuristic reasons. Although it is commendable, Della Croce’s attempt remains tentative. So does our critique of it. Yet, we take on the challenge to critically address two interrelated points. First, we broaden the analysis to include deliberations about hermeneutical injustice. We argue that, if due consideration of (...)
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  15.  24
    The Vagueness of Integrating the Empirical and the Normative: Researchers’ Views on Doing Empirical Bioethics.T. Wangmo, V. Provoost & E. Mihailov - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (2):295-308.
    The integration of normative analysis with empirical data often remains unclear despite the availability of many empirical bioethics methodologies. This paper sought bioethics scholars’ experiences and reflections of doing empirical bioethics research to feed these practical insights into the debate on methods. We interviewed twenty-six participants who revealed their process of integrating the normative and the empirical. From the analysis of the data, we first used the themes to identify the methodological content. That is, we show participants’ use of familiar (...)
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  16.  29
    The Parliamentary Inquiry into Mitochondrial Donation Law Reform (Maeve’s Law) Bill 2021 in Australia: A Qualitative Analysis.Jemima W. Allen, Christopher Gyngell, Julian J. Koplin & Danya F. Vears - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):67-80.
    Recently, Australia became the second jurisdiction worldwide to legalize the use of mitochondrial donation technology. The Mitochondrial Donation Law Reform (Maeve’s Law) Bill 2021 allows individuals with a family history of mitochondrial disease to access assisted reproductive techniques that prevent the inheritance of mitochondrial disease. Using inductive content analysis, we assessed submissions sent to the Senate Committee as part of a programme of scientific inquiry and public consultation that informed drafting of the Bill. These submissions discussed a range of bioethical (...)
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  17.  37
    Flesh Without Blood: The Public Health Benefits of Lab‐Grown Meat.Jonny Anomaly, Heather Browning, Diana Fleischman & Walter Veit - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):167-175.
    Synthetic meat made from animal cells will transform how we eat. It will reduce suffering by eliminating the need to raise and slaughter animals. But it will also have big public health benefits if it becomes widely consumed. In this paper, we discuss how “clean meat” can reduce the risks associated with intensive animal farming, including antibiotic resistance, environmental pollution, and zoonotic viral diseases like influenza and coronavirus. Since the most common objection to clean meat is that some people find (...)
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  18.  18
    War and Peace: What Can Bioethics Offer to Bring an End to Conflicts?M. A. Ashby - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):1-6.
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  19.  13
    Correction to: Far From the Madding Crowd: Health Service Expectations in the “Country”.Michael A. Ashby - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):209-209.
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  20.  21
    Implementation of an Ethics Committee in a University Mental Health Clinic.M. Azcárraga & S. Derive - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):177-184.
    Mental disorders in university students are very frequent, therefore higher education institutions have established in-campus mental healthcare centres. These clinics have particular characteristics that differ from other mental health centres, as they report to and represent an educational institution, while at the same time looking after the interests and well-being of patients requesting assistance, thus generating unique bioethical conflicts. Ethics Committees are useful tools to offer support to mental health professionals in making ethical decisions. In order to respond to these (...)
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  21.  75
    A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring Colombian Adolescents’ Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: The Need for a Relational Autonomy Approach.J. Brisson, V. Ravitsky & B. Williams-Jones - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):193-208.
    This study’s objective was to understand Colombian adolescents’ experiences and preferences regarding access to sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS), either alone or accompanied. A mixed-method approach was used, involving a survey of 812 participants aged eleven to twenty-four years old and forty-five semi-structured interviews with participants aged fourteen to twenty-three. Previous research shows that adolescents prefer privacy when accessing SRHS and often do not want their parents involved. Such findings align with the longstanding tendency to frame the ethical principle (...)
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  22.  17
    Correction to: No Need for Parental Involvement in the Vaccination Choice of Adolescents.M. Brusa & Y. M. Barilan - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):55-55.
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  23.  22
    No Need for Parental Involvement in the Vaccination Choice of Adolescents.M. Brusa & Y. M. Barilan - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):47-54.
    Parental decision making is necessary for contracting medical interventions that require personal risk–benefit evaluation, and for overseeing matters of education. In the nineteenth century, exemptions from obligatory vaccination were granted for religious and conscientious reasons. Then and today, religion and moral values play marginal roles in vaccine hesitancy and denialism. Rather, the key values invoked by vaccine hesitants and denialists are liberty and pluralism. Neither is compatible with limiting adolescents’ choice. Because vaccination does not require assessment of personal medical risks, (...)
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  24.  24
    The Case for Human Challenge Trials in COVID-19.George P. Drewett - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):151-165.
    The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid research to aid in the understanding of the disease and the development of novel therapeutics. One option is to conduct controlled human infection trials (CHITs). In this article I examine the history of deliberate human infection and CHITs and their utilization prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, key ethical considerations of CHITs in the COVID-19 setting, an analysis of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Key criteria for the ethical acceptability of COVID-19 human challenge studies, and (...)
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  25.  31
    Ethics and Health Security in the Australian COVID-19 Context: A Critical Interpretive Literature Review.Anson Fehross, Kari Pahlman & Diego S. Silva - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):131-150.
    Background The concept of “health security” is often used to motivate public health responses, yet the ethical values that underpin this concept remain largely unexamined. The recent Australian responses to COVID-19 serve as an important case study by which we can analyse the pre-existing literature to see what ethical values shaped, and continue to shape, Australia’s response. Methods We conducted a critical interpretive literature review of academic and grey literatures within key databases, resulting in 2,220 sources. After screening for duplicates (...)
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  26.  29
    Reconceiving Reproduction: Removing “Rearing” From the Definition—and What This Means for ART.Georgina Antonia Hall - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):117-129.
    The predominant position in the reproductive rights literature argues that access to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) forms part of an individual’s right to reproduce. On this reasoning, refusal of treatment by clinicians (via provision) violates a hopeful parent’s reproductive right and discriminates against the infertile. I reject these views and suggest they wrongly contort what reproductive freedom entitles individuals to do and demand of others. I suggest these views find their origin, at least in part, in the way we define (...)
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  27.  23
    Eight Strategies to Engineer Acceptance of Human Germline Modifications.Shoaib Khan & Katherine Drabiak - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):81-94.
    Until recently, scientific consensus held firm that genetically manipulated embryos created through methods including Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy or human germline genome editing should not be used to initiate a pregnancy. In countries that have relevant laws pertaining to heritable human germline modifications, the vast majority prohibit or restrict this practice. In the last several years, scholars have observed a transformation of scientific and policy restrictions with insistent calls for creating a regulatory pathway. Multiple stakeholders highlight the role of social consensus (...)
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  28.  39
    It is Not Too Late for Reconciliation Between Israel and Palestine, Even in the Darkest Hour.P. A. Komesaroff - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):29-45.
    The conflict in Gaza and Israel that ignited on October 7, 2023 signals a catastrophic breakdown in the possibility of ethical dialogue in the region. The actions on both sides have revealed a dissolution of ethical restraints, with unimaginably cruel attacks on civilians, murder of children, destruction of health facilities, and denial of basic needs such as water, food, and shelter. There is a need both to understand the nature of the ethical singularity represented by this conflict and what, if (...)
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  29.  24
    Social Distance Warriors Should Not Be Regarded as Moral Exemplars in a Pandemic Nor as Paragons of Politeness: A Response to Shaw.Hugh V. McLachlan - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):11-14.
    In a recent article, Shaw contrasts his own supposed good behaviour, as that of a self-proclaimed “social distance warrior” with the alleged rude behaviour of one of his relatives, Jack, at social events in the former’s house in Scotland in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. He does so to illustrate and support his claims that it was wrong and rude to fail to comply with the governmental advice regarding social distancing because we had a responsibility “to minimize risk” (...)
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  30.  25
    CRISPR: Beyond the Excitement.Khaled Moustafa - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):7-9.
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  31.  27
    The Need to Standardize the Reanalysis of Genomic Sequencing Results: Findings from Interviews with Underserved Families in Genomic Research.Simon M. Outram, Shannon Rego, Matthew Norstad & Sara Ackerman - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):95-104.
    The reanalysis of genomic sequencing results has the potential to provide results that are of considerable medical and personal importance to recipients. Employing interviews with forty-seven predominantly medically underserved families and ethnographic observations we argue that there is pressing need to standardize the approach taken to reanalysis. Our findings highlight that study participants were unclear as to the likelihood of reanalysis happening, the process of initiating reanalysis, and whether they would receive revised results. Their reflections mirror the lack a specific (...)
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  32.  53
    Brain–Computer Interfaces, Completely Locked-In State in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and End-of-Life Decisions.Christopher Poppe & Bernice S. Elger - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):19-27.
    In the future, policies surrounding end-of-life decisions will be faced with the question of whether competent people in a completely locked-in state should be enabled to make end-of-life decisions via brain-computer interfaces (BCI). This article raises ethical issues with acting through BCIs in the context of these decisions, specifically self-administration requirements within assisted suicide policies. We argue that enabling patients to end their life even once they have entered completely locked-in state might, paradoxically, prolong and uphold their quality of life.
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  33.  16
    Jewish Ethics of Inmate Vaccines Against COVID-19.Tsuriel Rashi - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):57-66.
    Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic broke out at the end of 2019, and throughout 2020 there were intensive international efforts to find a vaccine for the disease, which had already led to the deaths of some five million people. In December 2020, several pharmaceutical companies announced that they had succeeded in producing an effective vaccine, and after approval by the various regulatory bodies, countries started to vaccinate their citizens. With the start of the global campaign to vaccinate the world’s population against (...)
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  34.  41
    The Physician-Assisted Suicide Pathway in Italy: Ethical Assessment and Safeguard Approaches.Luciana Riva - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):185-192.
    Although in Italy there is currently no effective law on physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia, Decision No. 242 issued by the Italian Constitutional Court on September 25, 2019 established that an individual who, under specific circumstances, has facilitated the implementation of an independent and freely-formed resolve to commit suicide by another individual is exempt from criminal liability. Following this ruling, some citizens have submitted requests for assisted suicide to the public health system, generating a situation of great uncertainty in the application (...)
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  35.  30
    Recent Developments in the Regulation of Heritable Human Genome Editing.S. Soni - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):15-18.
    In 2018, the Chinese scientist He Jiankui presented his research at the Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong. While it was intended that he facilitate a workshop, he was instead called on to present his research in heritable human genome editing, where he made the announcement that he had taken great strides in advancement of his research, to the extent that he had gene-edited human embryos and that this had resulted in the live births of two (...)
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  36.  31
    An Ethical Examination of Donor Anonymity and a Defence of a Legal Ban on Anonymous Donation and the Establishment of a Central Register.Xavier Symons & Henry Kha - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):105-115.
    Many if not most sperm donors in the early years of IVF donated under conditions of anonymity. There is, however, a growing awareness of the ethical cost of withholding identifying parental information from donor children. Today, anonymous donation is illegal in many jurisdictions, and some jurisdictions have gone as far as retrospectively invalidating contracts whereby donors were guaranteed anonymity. This article provides a critical evaluation of the ethics and legality of anonymous donation. We defend Australian and British legislation that has (...)
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  37. Gender Affirming Hormone Treatment for Trans Adolescents: A Four Principles Analysis.Hane Htut Maung - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry (2):345-363.
    Gender affirming hormone treatment is an important part of the care of trans adolescents which enables them to develop the secondary sexual characteristics congruent with their identified genders. There is an increasing amount of empirical evidence showing the benefits of gender affirming hormone treatment for psychological health and social well-being in this population. However, in several countries, access to gender affirming hormone treatment for trans adolescents has recently been severely restricted. While much of the opposition to gender affirming hormone treatment (...)
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