En este artículo pretendo argumentar de qué manera el lenguaje es conformador de la experiencia estética y, en especial, cómo el argot involucrado en las vivencias estéticas es indisociable de estas, al operar como uno de sus factores constituyentes. A través del análisis de ejemplos de jerga estética popular, procedentes en su mayor parte del lenguaje juvenil, señalo algunos de los modos en que el argot conforma experiencias estéticas que no existirían sin su intervención. En este análisis recurro a algunas (...) ideas sobre la relación entre el lenguaje y la experiencia de autores como Wittgenstein, Vigotsky o Searle. (shrink)

En un análisis fenomenológico, la pose aparece como un evento que establece una relación especial entre el cuerpo y la imagen; en dicho evento la intencionalidad se dirige a la resolución del propio cuerpo como imagen. Las distinciones tradicionales entre imagen y esquema corporales, y entre apercepción y apresentación sirven a este estudio para señalar algunos aspectos característicos del acto de posar, pero es el análisis fenomenológico de la recepción y la empatía el que aporta las claves fundamentales.In a phenomenological (...) analysis, the pose appears as an event that establishes a special relationship between body and image; in that event, the intentionality is directed to the resolution of the body itself as an image. The traditional distinctions between body image and body scheme, and between apperception and presentification, serve to point out some characteristic aspects of the act of posing, but it is the phenomenological analysis of reception and empathy that provides the fundamental insights. (shrink)

RESUMEN En su primera investigación, Edith Stein se propuso definir la esencia de la Einfühlung (empatía) como experiencia de la conciencia ajena; pretendía así fundamentar que, como había indicado Husserl, ese acto abría la posibilidad de una intersubjetividad trascendental como solución al solipsismo de la conciencia. Stein halló la clave de esa esencia en la idea de originariedad, pero intentó evitar el problema de la empatía estética, sirviéndose de Los ídolos del autoconocimiento de Scheler. ABSTRACT In her first research project, (...) Edith Stein set out to define the essence of Einfühlung (empathy) as an experience of another's consciousness. Her objective was to justify the fact that such an act opened up the possibility of a transcendental subjectivity as a solution to the solipsism of consciousness, as Husserl had indicated. Stein found the key to that essence in the idea of originariety, but she tried to avoid the problem of aesthetic empathy by resorting to Scheler's Idols of Self-Knowledge. RESUMO Em sua primeira pesquisa, Edith Stein se propôs a definir a essência da Einfühlung (empatia) como experiência da consciência alheia; pretendia assim fundamentar que, como tinha indicado Husserl, esse ato abria a possibilidade de uma intersubjetividade transcendental como solução ao solipsismo da consciência. Stein encontrou a chave dessa essência na ideia de originalidade, mas tentou evitar o problema da empatia estética ao se servir de Os ídolos do autoconhecimento de Scheler. (shrink)

La crisis de la idea moderna de sujeto, que se propaga en la división de la conciencia de Hegel, inaugura el siglo de la mediación, el brioso afán de sutura del siglo XIX. La idea de Einfühlung, apuntada en Herder y formulada durante todo el contexto decimonónico, toma el relevo de la idea moderna de simpatía y se completa con la idea de vivencia ( Erlebnis ) para oponer a aquel sistemático y artificial sujeto una impronta orgánica y recuperar así (...) una idea de identidad que no sea incompatible con la vida. (shrink)

Este artículo propone una relectura de la conocida referencia de Aristóteles al miedo y a la compasión en términos de _identificación _y _empatía _respectivamente: miedo (intencional y proposicional) como una forma de experiencia en la que el espectador se pone en la posición del personaje y actualiza su experiencia (identificación) _desde afuera hacia adentro_; compasión como sentimiento moral que contiene necesariamente el momento de la empatía: ocupación intencional e imaginaria de la conciencia del personaje y actualización de su experiencia desde (...) adentro hacia afuera. Esta consideración puede ser útil para revisar las críticas que Noël Carroll dirigió al sentido más intenso del término identificación. (shrink)

Para o “descanço dos Mestres, e utilidade dos Discipulos”: direções para a educação dos infantis no manual pedagógico Nova Escola de Meninos (Portugal, século XVIII) Resumo: O presente estudo, de natureza historiográfica e filosófica, pretende desenvolver uma análise dos discursos relativos à boa educação de sujeitos infantis que estão presentes na obra Nova escola de meninos [...]. Publicado em Coimbra no ano de 1784. O impresso de autoria do presbítero português Manoel Dias de Sousa (1753-1823) tinha como principal objetivo apresentar (...) um método pedagógico, proporcionado à primeira infância, para a aprendizagem da leitura, da escrita e das principais operações aritméticas, bem como instruir os meninos portugueses nos princípios da religião e da civilidade. Fundamentado na categoria conceitual governamentalidade, o estudo defende que a relação discursiva estabelecida por Sousa estabeleceu um conjunto de enunciados e de normativas sobre valores ético-religiosos, a conservação da saúde e adiantamento nos estudos. Entende-se, assim, que tais elementos enunciados na obra podem ter atuado na constituição discursiva acerca de modelos específicos de educação, buscando garantir a produção de um específico tipo de sujeito infantil masculino. Palavras-chave: História da Educação; Infância; Meninos; Portugal; Século XVIII. For the “rest of the teachers and usefulness of the disciples”: guidelines for educating childhood in the pedagogical manual Nova Escola de Meninos (Portugal, 18th century) Abstract: The present study, of historiographical and philosophical nature, aims to develop an analysis of the discourses related to the good education of children's subjects that are present in the work Nova Escola de Meninos(...) [New Boys School (…)]. Published in Coimbra in 1784, the form authored by the priest Portuguese Manoel Dias de Sousa (1753-1823) had as main objective to present a pedagogical method, provided to early childhood, for the learning of reading, writing and the main arithmetic operations, as well as instructing Portuguese boys in the principles of religion and civility. Based on the conceptual category governmentality, the study argues that the discursive relationship established by Sousa established a set of utterances and norms on ethical-religious values, health conservation and advances in studies. It is understood, therefore, that these elements enunciated in the work may have acted in the discursive constitution about specific models of education, seeking to guarantee the production of a specific type of male infant subject. Keywords: History of Education; Childhood; Boys; Portugal; 18th Century. Para el “resto de los profesores y utilidad de los discípulos”: pautas para educar la infância en el manual pedagógico Nova Escola de Meninos (Portugal, siglo XVIII) Resumen: El presente estudio, de carácter historiográfico y filosófico, tiene como objetivo desarrollar um análisis de los discursos relacionados com la buena educación de los sujetos infantiles que están presentes em la obra Nova escola de meninos(...) [Nueva escuela de niños (...)]. Publicada en Coimbra en 1784, la forma del sacerdote portugués Manoel Dias de Sousa (1753-1823) tenía como objetivo principal presentar un método pedagógico, proporcionado a la primera infancia, para el aprendizaje de la lectura, la escritura y las principales operaciones aritméticas, así como la instrusción de los niños portugueses em los principios de religión y civilidad. Sobre la base de la gubernamentalidad de la categoría conceptual, el estudio argumenta que la relación discursiva establecida por Sousa estableció un conjunto de expresiones y normas sobre valores ético-religiosos, conservación de la salud y avances em los estudios. Se entiende, por lo tanto, que estos elementos enunciados en la obra pueden haber actuado en la constitución discursiva sobre modelos específicos de educación, buscando garantizar la producción de un tipo específico de sujeto infantil masculino. Palabras clave: Historia de la Educación; Infancia; Niños; Portugal; Siglo XVIII. Data de registro: 18/05/2020 Data de aceite: 05/10/2020. (shrink)

This study investigates how e-business capabilities and digital marketing strategies jointly influence business performance in the e-commerce industry, which has experienced unprecedented growth driven by technological advancements and changing consumer behavior. E-business capabilities encompass the use of technology and digital infrastructure, while digital marketing strategies are employed to attract and retain online customers. The study examines the effect of e-business capabilities through digital marketing strategies on the customer satisfaction and loyalty of UAE e-commerce industry. The research is descriptive and explanatory, (...) and uses a structured 5-scale Likert questionnaire to collect data from the HR managers of 135 e-commerce companies based in UAE. The statistical analysis is performed using structural equation modeling. The findings highlight the significant relationship of the study variables. Consequently, the results of this study provide valuable insights for e-commerce businesses, elucidating the need to invest in robust e-business capabilities to support effective digital marketing efforts. Additionally, the research underscores the significance of tailoring digital marketing strategies to align with specific business objectives and customer segments. The study also contributes to the literature on digital transformation, by demonstrating how e-business capabilities and digital marketing strategies can enable e-commerce firms to adapt and thrive in the dynamic and competitive digital environment. (shrink)

Healthcare professionals decide wisely about personalized medicine, treatment plans, and resource allocation by utilizing big data analytics and machine learning. To guarantee that algorithmic recommendations are impartial and fair, however, ethical issues relating to prejudice and data privacy must be taken into account. Big data analytics and machine learning have a great potential to disrupt healthcare, and as these technologies continue to evolve, new opportunities to reform healthcare and enhance patient outcomes may arise. In order to investigate the patient’s outcomes (...) with empirical evidence, this research was conducted using an online survey to incorporate healthcare professionals, patient’s reviews, and clinical staff. The data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0 to predict the structural model. The findings revealed a direct impact as positive influence of using machine learning on healthcare performance and patient outcomes through big data analytics. Moreover, it is evident that this can lead to personalized treatment plans, early interventions, and improved patient outcomes. Additionally, big data analytics can help healthcare providers optimize resource allocation, improve operational efficiency, and reduce costs. The impact of big data analytics on patient outcome and healthcare performance is expected to continue to grow, making it an important area for investment and research. (shrink)

Objective of the study: To analyze the costs and profits of sugarcane production regarding the cultural practices of sugarcane suppliers. Methodology/approach: This study positions itself in this gap by comparatively analyzing 6 types of cultural practices: unraveling, windrowing, application of correctives, herbicides, insecticides and fertilizers, with the option of two systems Fixed rate (TF) and Variable rate (TV). Originality/Relevance: Brazil is a world reference in sugarcane production, with the State of São Paulo being the largest Brazilian producer. However, for sugarcane (...) suppliers to maintain this activity there is a need to reduce production costs and increase profitability/ha. However, there is a theoretical-practical gap in the financial assessment (costs and profits) of different cultural practices inherent to sugarcane production. Main results: The results demonstrated that the costs of cultural practices represent more than 30% of the total sugarcane production costs. The TF system proved to be more cost-efficient in the following operations: correctives, herbicides and insecticides. In the application of fertilizers, the TV system, in broadcast mode, had the best result. Finally, the profit/ton was R$1.70, demonstrating a very low profit margin/ha given the risk of the activity. Theoretical/methodological contributions: The sample for this research comprised 55 sugarcane suppliers from the State of São Paulo, whose data were obtained through a survey. The comparative analysis was based on the difference in costs of cultural practices and the estimation of the level of certainty (profit/costs), analyzed through the cumulative frequency carried out through the Monte Carlo Simulation (SMC). (shrink)

El arquitecto sevillano Fernando Rosales, cuya vida profesional se desarrolló a caballo entre los siglos xviii y xix, fue uno de los más activos maestros mayores de obras de la Iglesia de Sevilla. De carácter afable, tuvo sin embargo algunos sonoros desencuentros con el arquitecto José Echamorro, que aquí se exponen. Y al igual que ocurrió a sus compañeros en el cargo, la Real Academia de San Fernando rechazó sus proyectos enviados a dicha institución. Eclipsada por la de (...) Antonio de Figueroa y José Álvarez, el estudio monográfico de su obra está aún por abordar. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a su conocimiento, mediante la aportación de numerosas noticias inéditas, tanto biográficas como profesionales, algunas de las cuales subsanan persistentes errores historiográficos, contextualizándolas entre sus más conocidas realizaciones. (shrink)

El presente trabajo explora la postura bergsoniana en torno a la imagen, toda vez que es constituida, de fondo, por la pregunta ¿qué se puede conocer? A propósito del tema Bergson se ubica en un punto intermedio entre el idealismo y el realismo, considera que la imagen es aquello que es más que una representación pero menos que la cosa en sí que el realismo pretende mostrar como objeto de conocimiento. La comprensión de la imagen no sólo lleva a escenarios (...) epistemológicos, también posibilita observar que ahí donde hay una perspectiva ocurre un enfoque interesado de cierto tema. De tal forma que la relación objeto-sujeto se ve trastocada por la implementación de la imagen, como disposición afectiva del mundo que rodea al humano. Si sólo se conocen imágenes, la pertinencia de las distintas ramas científicas cambia según estas estudien imágenes interiores o exteriores. Para nada la actividad mental, puede ser el propiciador de las imágenes mentales, únicamente es una imagen más del conjunto de imágenes. En lo subsecuente, habrá un desarrollo del conocimiento de las imágenes, una propuesta teórica que ofrece una posibilidad distinta a la científica, pero que no es contradictoria. Palabras clave: Bergson - Imagen - Conocimiento - Idealismo - Realismo - Percepción. (shrink)

The aim of this research was to explore the elements that configure the quality of care among three Mexican same-sex planned families: two female-parented families (through donor insemination) and a male-parented one (through adoption). The first family consisted of two mothers and a 3-year-old daughter; the second one had two mothers and a 1.5-year-old set of boy twins and the third family consisted of two fathers and a 2-year-old girl. It was assumed that Ainsworth’s notions of quality of care organization (...) are useful in order to understand caregiver-child attachment relationships, regardless of the parents’ sexual orientation. A collective case study was selected due to the fact that these families shared their “unconventionality” (i.e. parents were not heterosexual) and the fact that they were planned, but each one constituted a particular case with a unique configuration. Four trained independent observers used the q-sort methodology (Maternal Behavior Q-Sort and Attachment Q-Sort) to describe parents’ and children’s behavior, respectively. The findings showed that parents were highly sensitive and all children used them as a secure base. To provide an in-depth examination of which elements configure the quality of care, a semi-structured interview with each parent was carried out. Through a thematic analysis, an over-arching theme named Affections and Emotions was identified, together with six subthemes: 1) Creating an affective environment; 2) Being available; 3) Acknowledging and expressing emotions; 4) Perceiving, interpreting and responding adequately to the child’s real self; 5) Taking the child’s perspective into account; and 6) Agreeing on roles and dividing the tasks. In order to showcase the particular configuration of gay parenting, the male-headed family narrative is reported in detail, because gay parents have been perceived as violating traditional gender roles as well as the hegemonic model of masculinity. The findings were consistent with the notion of quality of care as proposed by Ainsworth and her collaborators. The implications of the methodological device and research regarding same-sex planned families are discussed so as to understand the organization of the caregiving environment. (shrink)

This paper examines undergraduate business students' perception of corporate social responsibility in cases in which they have not attended any specific course either dealing with CSR or providing training in ethics. A survey was conducted of 535 Spanish business students as future managers. The results show that the stakeholders' perspective deserves a huge attention for those students considering what the keys of business success are. Significant differences in perception were nevertheless identified when a multifactorial analysis was undertaken. Female students are (...) more concerned about CSR issues. The maximization of value for shareholders is less valued by second- and third-year students than by first-year ones. The findings point to a number of important orientations for the future development of university curriculum. (shrink)

Este artículo ofrece un análisis y un comentario general de los dieciséis estudios que componen el libro compilado por Enrique Hülsz Piccone, Nuevos ensayos sobre Heráclito, el último compendio de investigaciones sobre la filosofía del Oscuro de Efe so, donde se reúnen las actas del Segundo Symposium Heracliteum celebrado en junio de 2006 en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNAM, ocasión en la que algunos de los especialistas más reconocidos de la comunidad internacional se reunieron para presentar (...) sus trabajos sobre Heráclito. This article aims to analyze and discuss the sixteen studies that compose the book edited by Enrique Hülsz Piccone, Nuevos ensayos sobre Heráclito, which is the latest compendium of studies on the philosophy of the Obscure of Ephesus. This volume gathers the proceedings of the Second Symposium Heracliteum held in June 2006 at the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UNAM, where some of the most renowned specialists of the international community came together to present their work on Heraclitus. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to contribute to a better conceptual and practical delimitation of inclusive education. A pedagogy that reacts to the need to face the dilemmas of difference. An interpre...

Occupational health remains neglected in developing countries because of competing social, economic and political challenges. Ethical issues in the workplace related to the hazards and risks of becoming infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana, through the bite of naturally infected sand flies, is another area of concern that has been neglected as well. We report here the results of reviewing two entomological field studies carried out in our research center from 2003 to 2006. Eight students from our School of Biology were (...) invited to catch sand flies. A total of six of the eight (75%) developed a typical clinical picture of Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by L. (L.) mexicana. In this article we identify the ethical issues related to these kinds of studies and propose some guidelines for conducting them. (shrink)

The costs of agricultural inputs added to those of labor represent almost a third of the total cost of Brazilian sugarcane production. This study analyzes the behavior of the price per ton of sugarcane in Brazil, relating it to the main production costs of this cultivation. Twelve price indicators from January 2015 to December 2020 were evaluated. First, the data were adjusted to a multiple linear regression model to identify the significant variables on variation in the price per ton of (...) sugarcane. Then, the Monte Carlo simulation was used to measure the level of certainty of occurrence of these variables, and forecasts were obtained from the adjustment of ARIMA models. The results showed the influence of the costs of diesel oil, two agricultural pesticides, and daily laborers on the price of sugarcane, besides an increasing trend of its, providing relevant short-term projections for decision-making about investments in the agribusiness sector. (shrink)

The diversity in agronomic practices being used by sugarcane producers in Brazil determines differences in economic performance and cost structure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost of six systems of agronomic practices using fixed or variable rates for soil amendment, fertilizer, and defensive applications and assess the profitability of these systems at three scales of sugarcane production. We then describe the data sample related to the 2019–2020 harvest season and collected from fifty-five sugarcane producers in the (...) central-south region of Brazil. Thereafter, using a quantitative approach, a cost analysis was performed, and the cumulative frequency of the net revenue for the three scales of production (small, medium, and large), was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The cost analysis indicated that fertilizer had the highest cost considering the agronomic practices adopted at the three scales of production analyzed. The cumulative frequency analysis results from the Monte Carlo simulation showed the highest net revenue per hectare for medium sugarcane producers. In addition, the presence of economies of scale was not confirmed because the lowest cost was found in small-scale sugarcane producers and the highest net revenue was obtained by medium-scale sugarcane producers. (shrink)

The gene regulation function (GRF) provides an operational description of a promoter behavior as a function of the concentration of one of its transcriptional regulators. Behind this apparently trivial definition lies a central concept in biological control: the GRF provides the input/output relationship of each edge in a transcriptional network, independently from the molecular interactions involved. Here we discuss how existing methods allow direct measurement of the GRF, and how several trade‐offs between scalability and accuracy have hindered its application to (...) relatively large networks. We discuss the theoretical and technical requirements for obtaining the GRF. Based on these requirements, we introduce a simplified and easily scalable method that is able to capture the significant parameters of the GRF. The GRF is able to predict the behavior of a simple genetic circuit, illustrating how addressing the quantitative nature of gene regulation substantially increases our comprehension on the mechanisms of gene control. (shrink)