Este artículo ofrece una revisión sistemática de los debates sobre el anglo-eurocentrismo en los currículos universitarios de filosofía, enfocándose en la necesidad de mayor diversidad cultural. A partir de la revisión de 52 estudios de la última década, se distinguen seis debates principales que develan las implicaciones del anglo-eurocentrismo en la filosofía académica: 1) reconocer el etnocentrismo anglo-eurocéntrico en la identidad disciplinaria de la filosofía, 2) tomarse en serio el multiculturalismo filosófico, 3) recurrir en todo o en parte a las (...) filosofías comparadas, 4) buscar la diversidad mediante la filosofía intercultural, 5) girar la tuerca: de la normalización de la colonialidad filosófica a la interculturalidad nuestroamericana, y 6) incorporar las lecciones africanas contemporáneas para la diversificación del currículo filosófico. El artículo proporciona una guía orientativa de estos debates, resaltando las premisas y tesis en juego. Finalmente, se concluye con la sugerencia de repensar los currículos de los programas académicos de filosofía de las universidades colombianas al compás de la Política de educación superior inclusiva e intercultural. (shrink)

¿Cuál es el estado de los debates académicos sobre el sexismo en los currículos universitarios de filosofía? La pregunta, así formulada, busca delimitar las principales disputas sobre la incorporación de enfoque de género en los currículos filosóficos en la literatura de la última década. Atendiendo a la revisión sistemática de literatura se realizaron búsquedas en Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, JSTOR, Taylor & Francis y Google Scholar, entre 2012-2022; la estrategia de análisis se centró en los debates recurrentes en el (...) campo. Se analizaron 98 estudios y cinco debates según los cuales las prácticas curriculares excluyentes no permiten la materialización de una educación filosófica inclusiva e intercultural: 1) sesgos implícitos, amenazas por estereotipos y clima hostil, 2) reconocimiento de las mujeres filósofas en el canon y la historia de la filosofía, 3) injusticias epistémicas en la filosofía académica, 4) voces de las mujeres negras en la profesión filosófica y 5) ausencia de las mujeres en la “normalización filosófica” latinoamericana. (shrink)

Se plantea que los currículos universitarios actuales de filosofía se soportan en estructuras curriculares que conllevarían diversas modalidades de injusticias epistémicas, a saber: el anglo-eurocentrismo, el racismo, el sexismo y el humanismo. Con base en esta premisa, la cual se considera inscrita en la trayectoria histórica de los epistemicidios occidentales, se propone la necesidad de decolonización del currículo universitario de filosofía en las universidades colombianas. Se plantea como un proyecto urgente de acción educativa que, de modo inmediato, contribuiría a contrarrestar (...) las diversas modalidades de injusticias epistémicas y, transitivamente, impulsaría la materialización de lo que aquí se denomina justicia curricular. Esto no solo sería provechoso para mejorar y transformar los currículos de filosofía en el nivel de educación superior y el paulatino enriquecimiento epistemológico de la filosofía, sino que también aportaría a un reconocimiento saludable de la pluridiversidad en la universidad. (shrink)

Anthropology has defined man as a creature who seeks refuge from his natural deficiencies and can only exist by using multiple compensation strategies. The idea of compensation plays a key role in philosophical anthropology, implies different perspectives involved in the various ways human beings relate to each other and communicate with the external world. This reflection is devised in four main moments: 1. Forgetting by remembering 2. Compensation, preservation and remembrance 3. What is new is both old and anachronistic 4. (...) Release. This text aims at elucidating new challenges for philosophical anthropology in the explanation of how contemporary man seeks to overcome his/her own deficiencies through compensations life itself offers. (shrink)

Se ofrece una reflexión sobre los avances y las tendencias de discusión en la historia de la tradición filosófica en Colombia y sus presupuestos historiográficos, como un aporte al debate sobre la relevancia de pensar las tradiciones filosóficas nacionales en el siglo XXI. A partir de las categorías valorativas de las diferentes producciones intelectuales se determina si hacen parte o no de la tradición filosófica nacional. El concepto de “normalización filosófica” es analizado como categoría interpretativa de la tradición colombiana y (...) se sugiere su obsolescencia dadas sus implicaciones; con el propósito de superar el reduccionismo, la exclusión y el sesgo al que conlleva esta categoría. Se propone la reivindicación de los intentos de análisis social del siglo XIX y de las producciones filosóficas regionales con el propósito de aportar a una reconstrucción decolonial, amplia y sin sesgos de la historia de la tradición de la filosofía colombiana. (shrink)

La composición polifónica musical nos permite hablar de la emergencia, en el sur y desde el sur que somos, de Voces de la Tierra, que han susurrado, cantado, llorado o gritado el dolor producido por las maneras de habitar humanas construidas en la modernidad cosificadora de la tierra y del mundo de la vida, modernidad mercantil, industrial y global cuya ética se ha reducido a valores absolutamente euro-antropo-racional-centristas, permeados por el valor supremo del capital. En este artículo, emergente de pensadores (...) ambientales latinoamericanos y pensadores-otros que han sospechado radicalmente del edificio de la ética ambiental emergente de la conferencia del Club de Roma o del Informe Burndtland, intentamos desplegar lo ético, como ethos con e larga, que en griego significa casa, y desde este lugar de enunciación, intentamos salirnos del sujeto y del objeto en la variación ética ambiental eurocentrista, y proponer con las voces de la tierra sur, abya yala, diseños del ethos, ligado óntica-relacionalmente con el cuerpo-tierra. Diseñamos, inspirados en Husserl, Heidegger, Deleuze, Guattari, Ángel-Maya, Enrique Leff, Noguera, Echeverri, pensadores-otros y voces de montañas, animales, ríos, y plantas, la vida, territorios de libertad entendida ésta como expansión de los cuerpos en la naturaleza y de paz integral y completa, entendiendo que no puede haber paz, si no amamos ni respetamos la tierra que somos. Esto exige el giro óntico-etico- estético-político de la ética en clave de un Pensamiento Ambiental Sur. (shrink)

Existe una escisión del hombre con la naturaleza inscrita en los aspectos de la vida; la civilización moderna está en crisis ambiental, de la cultura, de sentido, de la técnica y de la manera en que habita y crea hábitat el hombre. La técnica moderna se ha instaurado de la mano de la ciencia y la economía llamándose tecnología: una manera de la techné distanciada de sus orígenes y que ha pasado de la creación e invención a una repetibilidad que (...) solo permite crear lo que cumple las condiciones e ideales establecidos por un modelo económico. Mientras la techné se comprende en un mundo de la vida, en un lugar con espacio y tiempo, la técnica moderna se cree separada de él. Se propone entonces un giro en el pensar/habitar hacia la techné, para un reencuentro con el mundo de la vida. (shrink)

Great leaders are ethical stewards who generate high levels of commitment from followers. In this paper, we propose that perceptions about the trustworthiness of leader behaviors enable those leaders to be perceived as ethical stewards. We define ethical stewardship as the honoring of duties owed to employees, stakeholders, and society in the pursuit of long-term wealth creation. Our model of relationship between leadership behaviors, perceptions of trustworthiness, and the nature of ethical stewardship reinforces the importance of ethical governance in dealing (...) with employees and in creating organizational systems that are congruent with espoused organizational values. (shrink)

This is a unique book. It is excellently written, crammed with information, wise and a pleasure to read.' ---Daniel C. Dennett, Tufts University.

This volume considers forms of information manipulation and restriction in contemporary society. It explores whether and when manipulation of the conditions of inquiry without the consent of those manipulated is morally or epistemically justified. The contributors provide a wealth of examples of manipulation, and debate whether epistemic paternalism is distinct from other forms of paternalism debated in political theory. Special attention is given to medical practice, for science communication, and for research in science, technology, and society. Some of the contributors (...) argue that unconsenting interference with people’s ability of inquire is consistent with, and others that it is inconsistent with, efforts to democratize knowledge and decision-making. -/- These differences invite theoretical reflection regarding which goods are fundamental, whether there is a clear or only a moving boundary between informing and instructing, and whether manipulation of people’s epistemic conditions amounts to a type of intellectual injustice. The collection pays special attention to contemporary paternalistic practices in big data and scientific research, as the way in which the flow of information or knowledge might be curtailed by the manipulations of a small body of experts or algorithms. (shrink)

In the early years of the twentieth century, Gottlob Frege and David Hilbert, two titans of mathematical logic, engaged in a controversy regarding the correct understanding of the role of axioms in mathematical theories, and the correct way to demonstrate consistency and independence results for such axioms. The controversy touches on a number of difficult questions in logic and the philosophy of logic, and marks an important turning-point in the development of modern logic. This entry gives an overview of that (...) controversy and of its philosophical underpinnings. (shrink)

Philosopher, theologian, educational theorist, feminist and political pamphleteer, Mary Astell was an important figure in the history of ideas of the early modern period. Among the first systematic critics of John Locke's entire corpus, she is best known for the famous question which prefaces her Reflections on Marriage: 'If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?' She is claimed by modern Republican theorists and feminists alike but, as a Royalist High Church Tory, the (...) peculiar constellation of her views sits uneasily with modern commentators. Patricia Springborg's study addresses these apparent paradoxes, recovering the historical and philosophical contexts to her thought. She shows that Astell was not alone in her views; rather, she was part of a cohort of early modern women philosophers who were important for the reception of Descartes and who grappled with the existential problems of a new age. (shrink)

La línea divisoria entre lo bueno y lo malo está cada vez más difuminada, pero lo más grave está en que pareciera que esta circunstancia no interesa mayormente a ningún estamento, ni al público en general. La narcosis sobre la bondad o maldad lleva a acciones poco razonadas, pero sí muy cargadas de emotividad y sentimiento; parecería que lo más importante es lo que “se siente” y no lo que se puede pensar. Las filosofías de la modernidad y la posmodernidad (...) han contribuido al olvido de algunos conceptos clave que se ve necesario recordar: bien, libertad, finalidad, naturaleza, ley natural, hábitos, sindéresis. Sobre este último hábito innato se hace una corta reflexión descriptiva y se propone volver a ponerlo en la intencionalidad educativa, pues se juzga que sus beneficios son insoslayables para estructurar del acto humano y hacer mejor su valoración ética. Se concluye que la sindéresis, como hábito de los primeros principios del intelecto práctico, facilita la acción para orientar al ser humano a los bienes verdaderos, conformes a su naturaleza; propicia la integración que se da en el acto libre entre la inteligencia y la voluntad; y puede intervenir también en la tarea de hacer valoraciones éticas en cada una de sus etapas: dando claridad al objeto del acto, calibrando la legitimidad de la intención y evaluando las circunstancias en el contexto global de la acción. (shrink)

This essay contrasts Damaris Masham and Catharine Trotter Cockburn’s respective moral philosophies. It argues that their views are both remarkably innovative, yet strikingly similar. By focusing on Masham and Cockburn’s accounts of agency and virtue, it is demonstrated that both thinkers take human nature as a sort of guide to moral behavior – i.e., it shows that the moral agent operates under the perception of moral principles as arising from human nature. While both thinkers are known to have been directly (...) influenced by John Locke, it is also argued that both of their moral philosophies bear significant dissimilarities to Lockean morality. (shrink)

Introduction to the Institutional Logics Perspective -- Precursors to the Institutional Logics Perspective -- Defining the Inter-institutional System -- The Emergence, Stability and Change of the Inter-institutional System -- Micro-Foundations of Institutional Logics -- The Dynamics of Organizational Practices and Identities -- The Emergence and Evolution of Field-Level Logics -- Implications for Future Research.

Overview -- Locke's internal sense and Kant's changing views -- Personal identity amd its problems -- Rationalist metaphysics of mind -- Consciousness, self-consciousness, and cognition -- Strands of Argument in the Duisburg Nachlass -- A transcendental deduction for a priori concepts -- Synthesis : why and how? -- Arguing for apperception -- The power of apperception -- "I-think" as the destroyer of rational psychology -- Is Kant's theory consistent? -- The normativity objection -- Is Kant's thinker (as such) a free (...) and responsible agent? -- Kant our contemporary. (shrink)

The space-time expansion has a new perspective on the universe phenomena. In this article, the key features of the Space-Time Expansion Theory are summarized and discussed, with three postulates incorporating different insights into the behavior of space-time expansion, gravity, space-time curvature, and time itself. Gravity is not an attraction; it is a push. Inertia, free fall, the principles of the theory of relativity and some other phenomena support the author’s assertions. The expansion of space-time is universal, occurs everywhere, and produces (...) gravity instead of counteracting it. Being immersed in the same space-time acceleration, we only perceive the disturbance caused by the matter, which is the massive objects push. This study aims to offer scientists an alternative investigation. “Gravitation is not attraction; it’s a push.” All in accordance with hydrodynamic gravitation and expanding Universe. (shrink)

The history of the recovery movement began with a pushback against treatment, and the philosophies that it was founded upon still have relevant applications to contemporary social work practice. Financial aspects of service provision for people with serious mental illnesses have enabled other actors in the medical model of psychosis treatment to benefit, while disempowering and dehumanizing the consumers of those services. Since then, other movements like Psychopolitics and the Mad Movement have helped empower psychosis survivors to advocate for their (...) right to self-determination amid the epistemological pressure to identify as disabled. Social workers would like to believe that the field has moved beyond the philosophies that perpetuated institutionalization of people with serious mental illnesses. Contemporary examples, however, reveal how social services in the US maintain the status quo of sanism for psychosis survivors. (shrink)

The phenomenal properties of conscious mental states happen to be exclusively accessible from the first-person perspective. Consequently, some philosophers consider their existence to be incompatible with materialist metaphysics. In this paper I criticise one particular argument that is based on the idea that for something to be real it must (at least in principle) be accessible from an intersubjective perspective. I argue that the exclusively subjective access to phenomenal contents can be explained by the very particular nature of the epistemological (...) relation holding between a subject and his own mental states. Accordingly, this subjectivity does not compel us to deny the possibility that phenomenal contents are ontologically objective properties. First, I present the general form of the argument that I will discuss. Second, I show that this argument makes use of a criterion of reality that is not applicable to the case of subjective experience. Third, I discuss a plausible objection and give an argument for rejecting observation models of self-knowledge of phenomenal contents. These models fall prey to the homunculus illusion. (shrink)

The papers from the 2000 symposium of the Royal Society of Canada explore the crucial relationship between science and ethics.

In various parts of the world—of which Mexico is one example— archaeology has been not only an academic discipline but has followed other motivations and goals, some valid and others more disputable: formation of a nationality, a need to know ancient roots, importance of a distinct art for understanding past societies or simply the promotion of tourism by attracting people to visit recently-excavated monuments or those that are already famous. In this paper, I intend to present the case of Mexico.

Human Specialization in Design and Technology explores emerging trends in learning and training-standardization, customization, personalization-with a unique focus on human needs and conditions. Analyzing evidence from current academic research as well as the popular press, this concise volume defines and examines the trajectory of instructional design and technologies toward more human-centered and specialized products, services, processes, environments, and systems. Examples from education, healthcare, business, and other sectors offer real-world demonstrations for scholars and graduate students of educational technology, instructional design, ICT, (...) and business development. (shrink)

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la situación actual y las proyecciones de la comparación forense de la voz en Chile, a la luz de los estándares internacionales que se enfocan en la producción de evidencia confiable, que pueda ser utilizada en los tribunales de justicia. Para ello, en principio, se dan a conocer los fundamentos científicos que caracterizan esta rama de las ciencias forenses y, luego, sobre esa base se analiza y comenta la situación de Chile y (...) sus proyecciones, tanto en la práctica como en la investigación forense. Abstract: The objective of this work is to describe the current situation and the projections of forensic voice comparison in Chile, in the light of international standards that focus on the production of reliable evidence that can be used in the courts of justice. To do this, first, the scientific foundations that characterize this branch of forensic sciences are disclosed and, then, on that basis, the situation in Chile and its projections are analyzed and discussed, both in practice and in the forensic research. (shrink)

Biopolitics and Utopia explores the intersection of biopolitics and utopian thought. As an interdisciplinary work, it addresses many salient biopolitical issues (state and medical interventions in the body, fears over scientific progress, resistance to state biopower, and ethical concerns), while also engaging in the utopian drive behind biopolitical efforts. The book is structured into four main sections: Actions, Speculations, Reactions, and Reflections. The chapters in Actions examine the practices of direct, medical intervention to 'normalize' citizens' bodies. The next section, Speculations, (...) approaches the intersection of utopia and biopolitics through a literary lens, reviewing science fiction texts as expressions of cultural and social fears about scientific progress. Reactions outlines potential acts of resistance in the face of biopower. Finally, Reflections offers a more philosophical essay, which engages the reader in the potential for creating an ethics for scientific standards. (shrink)

Cet article prétend expliquer l'invisibilité relative du conflit armé colombien par rapport à d'autres situations de crise internationale. Au lieu de présupposer que le problème repose sur une faible médiatisation des événements rapportés à la Colombie, il se penche sur les tentatives de mise en sens des événements effectuées par les journalistes au moment de leur médiatisation. L'argument central est que l'opacité du « problème colombien » sur la scène internationale est surtout liée à la difficulté de parvenir à élaborer (...) un récit capable de rendre intelligible ce qui se passe en Colombie.This article tries to explain the relative invisibility of the Colombian armed conflict in relation to other international crisis situations. Instead assume that the problem lies in a low media coverage of events reported to the British, it focuses on the attempts of making sense of the events conducted by journalists at media coverage. The central argument is that the opacity of the "Colombian problem" on the international scene is mainly due to the difficulty of reaching to develop a story that can make sense of what is happening in Colombia. (shrink)

La consciencia es un estado unificado de la mente, cualitativo y subjetivo. Una de cuyas formas más especiales es la autoconsciencia, que nos permite darnos cuenta de que nos damos cuenta y reflexionar sobre nuestros propios pensamientos. Esta consciencia dota al ser humano de la capacidad para interpretar el mundo y responder a él. Así, gracias a los qualia, tenemos la capacidad de comportarnos circunstancialmente. Es importante conocer los correlatos y las causas cerebrales que dan origen a la consciencia. Es (...) en la corteza cerebral donde radica la capacidad de ser consciente. Problema de la unidad de percepción: sincronización de neuronas o integración funcional. Sin embargo, el problema de la consciencia no consiste sólo en conocer su naturaleza, sino también en conocer cómo se produce la emergencia de la imaginación subjetiva, respuesta que actualmente no existe y que tampoco aportaría ninguna ventaja práctica a la especie. (shrink)

One way to discuss personal identity is by distinguishing between specific and numerical types of similar things. Some of the ways in which the individuality of each clone comes out are found in the alterations they make to their alphanumeric designations, uniforms, and living environments. In his important article “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person,” Harry G. Frankfurt explains that what makes humans unique according to his concept of personhood is their “capacity for reflective self‐evaluation.” The (...) activation of the Fett clones' inhibitor chips with Order 66 represents the intention of the Empire to deprive all the chipped clones of their freedom of action and will. As Frankfurt states, “Suppose, however, that he enjoys both freedom of action and freedom of the will. Then he is not only free to do what he wants to do; he is also free to want what he wants to want.”. (shrink)

In commerce, many moral failures are due to narrow mindsets that preclude taking into account the moral dimensions of a decision or action. In turn, sometimes these mindsets are caused by failing to question managerial decisions from a moral point of view, because of a perceived authority of management. In the 1960s, Stanley Milgram conducted controversial experiments to investigate just how far obedience to an authority figure could subvert his subjects' moral beliefs. In this thought-provoking work, the authors examine the (...) prevalence of narrow mental models and the phenomenon of obedience to an authority to analyse and understand the challenges which business professionals encounter in making ethical decisions. Obstacles to Ethical Decision-Making proposes processes - including collaborative input and critique - by which individuals may reduce or overcome these challenges. It provides decision-makers at all levels in an organisation with the means to place ethical considerations at the heart of managerial decision-making. (shrink)

Zachariah's description of a wonderful fornicating life for Sam and Dean captures some truth but it also misses the importance women play in shaping the Winchesters' moral decisions. In general, important women in the lives of Sam and Dean fall into three broad categories: mothers, lovers, and monsters. Sam and Dean are all too familiar with this philosophy of utilitarianism. Many times they have sacrificed relationships with women for the sake of their mission. Throughout Supernatural the objectification of the Winchesters (...) is contrasted with a happy domestic life. Sam and Dean are mistaken in thinking that their only value resides in the roles they play in the larger battles of good and evil; if they looked deeper they would see that they both would prefer a loving relationship with a woman. (shrink)

¿Qué es leer? ¿Qué es escribir? ¿Qué ocurre cuando se lee o cuando se escribe? ¿Qué tipo de relación se entreteje entre el texto y quien lo lee o escribe? ¿Qué tipo de efectos se derivan de allí? El acento de este tipo de preguntas pretende poner el foco de inquietud en el sujeto que lee y escribe. Con este propósito se emplean las nociones foucaultianas de ética, experiencia y cuidado de sí (epimeleia heaotou) para interrogar desde allí tanto el (...) leer como el escribir. Pensar la lectura y la escritura desde la perspectiva metodológica de la producción de sí, deriva en una ética de la palabra y en el ejercicio de la escritura de sí, las cuales permiten, a su vez, aportar ángulos de interpelación, tanto a las prácticas de enseñanza, como a la formación y la investigación. Palabras clave: cuidado de sí, leer, escribir, ética de la palabra, experiencia Ética da palavra. Leitura, escrita e produção de si. Resumo: O que é ler? O que é escrever? O que ocorre quando se lê ou quando se escreve? Que tipo de relação se entretece entre o texto e quem o lê ou o escreve? Que tipos de efeitos são daí derivados? O tom dessas perguntas pretende ressaltar a inquietude no sujeito, o sujeito que lê e o sujeito que escreve. Com tal propósito, empregam-se noções foucaultianas de ética, experiência e cuidado de si (epiméleia heautoû) para interrogar, a partir daí, leitura e escritura, considerando a perspectiva metodológica da produção de si derivada de uma ética da palavra e de um exercício da escritura de si aos quais, por sua vez, permitem suscitar ângulos de interpelação tanto das práticas de ensino quanto da formação e da pesquisa. Palavras-chave: cuidado de si; ler; escrever; ética da palavra; experiência Ethics of the word. Reading, writing and production of the self Abstract: What is reading? What is writing? What happens when reading or writing? What kind of relationship is weave between the text and the one who reads or writes it? What kind of effects derive from it? The accent of this type of questions intends to put the focus of concern on the subject, who reads and writes. To this end, the foucauldian notions of ethics, experience and care of the self (epimeleia heaotou) are used to interrogate reading and writing. Thinking about reading and writing from the methodological perspective of the production of the self, derives in an ethics of the word and in the exercise of the writing of the self, that allow us to contribute angles of interpellation to teaching practices, as well as to the formation and research. Key words: The care of the Self, reading, writing, ethics of theWord, Experience. Data de registro: 22/07/2022 Data de aceite: 13/12/2022. (shrink)