The paper critically discusses the proposal of identifying the subject of human rights by means of the concept of moral person, reflecting on the inherent connection between the concept of person and that of human rights in their moral dimension, that is, in the light of an ethics of human rights, an ethics in which human rights represent fundamental moral values. The thesis defended is that the concept of moral person lends itself more than any other to the role of (...) subject of human rights, if conceived as a relational, communicative and representative social value, that is as “the concept of an individual human being whose features enable him to join some segments of his life with others”. (shrink)

Touch pools are popular open-topped fish tanks often found in aquariums where visitors may interact with animals, by touching and sometimes even feeding them, for educational and recreational purposes. However, although animal interactions are becoming increasingly popular in recent years, the welfare impact on the animals and the educational effectiveness of such interactions is under debate. Awareness concerning the different, and sometimes controversial, aspects connected with such interactions has spread. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ethical issues (...) arising from the presence of touch pools in aquariums and facilities alike. In particular, possible sources of moral conflicts between five interested parties will be identified and discussed: biodiversity; aquariums; staff involved with touch pools; individual animals used in the touch pools; visitors interacting with animals in touch pools. In order to assess the framework of ethical demands from different parties, it will be used an analytical tool provided by a revised version of the Ethical Matrix. (shrink)

Die sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Erforschung auditiver Phänomene ist stets mit spezifischen Wissensformen konfrontiert. Die Rolle, die Musik und andere Klänge in verschiedenen sozialen und kulturellen Kontexten spielen, hängt mit dem Wissen zusammen, welches in bestimmter Weise (re)produziert und vermittelt wird. Wir können etwas über Klänge wissen, oder etwas durch Klänge wissen. Wir können Wissen über die spezifische Erzeugung von Klängen erwerben und weitergeben, oder aber Nachrichten – etwa eine Warnung – klanglich übermitteln. Diese vielfältigen Formen von Klangwissen können auf sehr (...) unterschiedliche Weisen zum Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen gemacht werden. Der vorliegende Band zu auditiven Wissenskulturen ist ein Versuch, jene üblicherweise in verschiedenen Disziplinen wie Soziologie und Anthropologie, in Geschichte, Psychologie, Ethnologie und Philosophie der Musik oder in Medienwissenschaften verorteten Zugänge zu auditivem Wissen in ein produktives interdisziplinäres Gespräch zu bringen. (shrink)

In lowland South America, breath animates human and non-human bodies, pulsating through the materialities of organisms. Humans, however, should manage their bodies to recast and reconfigure breath in its most life-enhancing manifestations: singing and smoking. These are the specialized domains of those able to manage their vitalities in such a way as to produce potent effects in themselves and in the world around them, including influencing atmospheric conditions, the lives of animals and plants and the harming and healing of others. (...) In these relational onto-epistemologies, intersubjectivity, intercorporality and states of non-cognitive interaffection find new depths. Breath, properly managed, can make and unmake worldly forms, including bodies and the societies they come together in. Focusing on two Amerindian communities, the Warekena of northwestern Rio Negro, Brazil and the Shipibo-Konibo of the Ucayali valley in Eastern Peru, this article examines the interface between human and non-human subjectivities, and how resonant interaffective atmospheric conditions are induced to promote health. (shrink)

São muitas as abordagens do fenômeno religioso surgidas nos últimos dois séculos. Algumas recorrem aos métodos elaborados pelas ciências humanas, sobretudo a historiografia, a sociologia, a etnologia/antropologia, a psicologia e a fenomenologia. Outras tratam a religião numa perspectiva filosófica, como se pode ver nos grandes autores que, sobretudo a partir do século XIX, se consagraram à elaboração de uma filosofia da religião. Nas últimas décadas, com a renovação da filosofia hermenêutica, novas leituras da religião têm surgido, renovando profundamente esse campo (...) do saber. O texto aqui proposto apresenta alguns elementos da grande síntese do filósofo luxemburguês Jean Greisch, pouco conhecido no Brasil, mas cuja contribuição ao estudo da religião é original, privilegiando uma hermenêutica da passagem. Após uma breve apresentação de sua obra consagrada à filosofia da religião, serão apresentados os cinco “paradigmas” dos estudos da religião segundo ele: o especulativo, o crítico, o fenomenológico, o analítico e o hermenêutico, o último seguido pelo próprio autor. (shrink)

Martin Heidegger’s understanding of art and Paul Ricoeur’s reading of the poetics of existence, developed through his hermeneutics of symbols, metaphor and narrative, open an immense vista to a theological thinking that desires to place primacy on the hearing of the symbolic language of poetry and literature. Beginning a few decades ago, various theologians have ventured along this trajectory, but theology still remains under the dominion of “theoria” and “praxis” and is not very open to “poiesis”. The study presented here (...) revisits the book of J.-P. Manigne on the Poetics of Faith from the 1970s, and the doctoral thesis of A. Thomasset on the Poetics of Morality, from the 1990s, showing how poetic reason provoked theological discourse in the second half of the 20th century. It is part of a research still in progress, devoted to other contributions of the beginning of the 21st century. (shrink)

Parmi toutes les qualités que l’on peut reconnaître à l’œuvre de Jean Starobinski, l’une des plus importantes me semble être l’admirable travail de lecture dont elle témoigne. Je voudrais dégager ici quelques axes de sa méthode de lecture, en montrer la richesse et la subtilité, et en analyser les effets. Lecteur exemplaire, Starobinski ne cesse de nous apprendre à lire et à relire, l’un des plus beaux aboutissements de son œuvre étant de nous faire relire vraiment, et donc redécouvrir, ce (...) qu... (shrink)

O artigo aqui apresentado propõe uma leitura teológico-pastoral dos resultados do último Censo do IBGE 2010– Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – sobre religião no Brasil, publicados em julho de 2012, recorrendo também ao estudo da Fundação Getúlio Vargas – O novo mapa das religiões – publicado em 2011, e à pesquisa encomendada pela Arquidiocese de Belo Horizonte sobre Valores e religião na região metropolitana, cuja realização se deu em 2012. A leitura proposta pelo artigo toma em conta sobretudo (...) o que os dados dessas pesquisas dizem da igreja católica. Após um breve comentário de alguns elementos apresentados por tais pesquisas, o texto propõe algumas chaves de interpretação. Começa com uma leitura de tipo sociorreligioso, mostrando que a queda acentuada da pertença ao catolicismo é o resultado da saída de uma religião de tipo ‘ambiental’ e herdado para uma religião de ‘convicção’, de caráter ‘confessante’. Num segundo momento apresenta algumas raízes dessa maneira de compreender a fé no Novo Testamento e na leitura sobre a natureza e a missão da igreja feita pelo Concílio Vaticano II. Conclui, enfim, com algumas considerações de tipo pastoral, apontando não tanto para as soluções levantadas pela queda da pertença ao catolicismo, mas para as atitudes que uma igreja ‘confessante’ deve assumir na hora atual. Palavras-chave: Censo IBGE 2010. Censo das Religiões. Igreja Católica no Brasil. Leitura teológicaThe article proposes a theological-pastoral reading of the results of the most recent Census by the IBGE 2010 – Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – regarding religion in Brazil, published in July 2012, while also drawing on a study by the Fundação Getúlio Vargas – O novo mapa das religiões (The new map of religions) – published in 2011, and on the research project sponsored by the Archdiocese of Belo Horizonte regarding Valores e religião na região metropolitana (Values and religion in the metropolitan region), which was carried out in 2012. The reading proposed by this article focuses especially on what the data from these investigations says about the Catholic Church. After commenting briefly on some elements presented by the research, the text proposes some interpretive keys. The first is a socio-religious reading, showing that the steep decline in rates of belonging to Catholicism is the result of the shift from an “environmental” and “natal” type of religion to a religion of “conviction,” with a “confessional” nature. Secondly, the article presents some roots of this way of understanding faith in the New Testament and in the Second Vatican Council’s reading of the nature and mission of the Church. Finally, it concludes with some pastoral considerations, pointing not so much to solutions regarding the decline in Catholic belonging, but rather to the attitudes that a “confessional” church should have in our time. Key-words : IBGE Census 2010. Census data on religions. Catholic Church in Brazil. Theological reading. (shrink)

During the COVID-19 epidemic, draconian countermeasures forbidding nonessential human activities have been adopted in several countries worldwide, providing an unprecedented setup for testing and quantifying the current impact of humankind on climate and for driving potential sustainability policies in the postpandemic era from a perspective of complex systems. In this study, we consider heterogeneous sources of environmental and human activity observables, considered as components of a complex socioenvironmental system, and apply information theory, network science, and Bayesian inference to analyze their (...) structural relations and nonlinear dynamics between January 2019 and August 2020 in northern Italy, i.e., before, during, and after the national lockdown. The topological structure of a complex system strongly impacts its collective behavior; therefore, mapping this structure is essential to fully understand the functions of the system as a whole and its fragility to unexpected disruptions or shocks. To this aim, we unravel the causal relationships between the 16 environmental conditions and human activity variables, mapping the backbone of the complex interplay between intervening physical observables—such as NO2 emissions, energy consumption, intervening climate variables, and different flavors of human mobility flows—to a causal network model. To identify a tipping point during the period of observation, denoting the presence of a regime shift between distinct network states, we introduce a novel information-theoretic method based on statistical divergence widely used in statistical physics. We find that despite a measurable decrease in NO2 concentration, due to an overall decrease in human activities, locking down a region as a climate change mitigation is an insufficient remedy to reduce emissions. Our results provide a functional characterization of socioenvironmental interdependent systems, and our analytical framework can be used, more generally, to characterize environmental changes and their interdependencies using statistical physics. (shrink)

Liz JacksonEducation University of Hong KongNel Noddings is known around the world for her contributions to philosophy and philosophy of education. Her work on caring and relational ethics broke ne...

Sulla questione del libero filosofi, teologi e scienziati arbitrio si interrogano da più di due millenni: tuttavia essa conserva intatta tutta la sua problematicità. Già Kant sosteneva che la libertà, per quanto indispensabile sotto il profilo morale, non sia dimostrabile sul piano teorico. Nel volume il tema viene illustrato da studiosi di diversa formazione, intrecciando ricostruzione storica e analisi concettuale. I contributi mettono in luce le alternative teoriche e i nuclei tematici cruciali, emersi di volta in volta nei singoli autori (...) o periodi, con l'obiettivo di chiarire il senso complessivo di un dibattito che occupa ancora una posizione centrale sulla scena della riflessione filosofica contemporanea. (shrink)

Despite the importance of human blood to clinical practice and research, hematology and blood transfusion data remain scattered throughout a range of disparate sources. This lack of systematization concerning the use and definition of terms poses problems for physicians and biomedical professionals. We are introducing here the Blood Ontology, an ongoing initiative designed to serve as a controlled vocabulary for use in organizing information about blood. The paper describes the scope of the Blood Ontology, its stage of development and some (...) of its anticipated uses. (shrink)

This report analyzes the role Japanese women play in the traditional art of the tea ceremony and its meaning for their lives. It is based on data collected for a larger study which explored the ways in which a cultural art transmits its practice and values to Japanese and foreign learners, conducted in Tokyo, Kyoto, and Yokohama, Japan, from 1983 to 1985. Using the Urasenke school, which accounts for approximately 70 percent of all practitioners as a case study, this report (...) explores the impact of women's participation as professionals and students on the organizational structure and activities of the school. Interviews with 31 teachers and 55 students, professionals, and amateurs provided the data to explore the ways in which the art has accommodated women's interests. (shrink)

Revelatory insights into the early life and thought of the preeminent French feminist philosopher Dating from her years as a philosophy student at the Sorbonne, this is the 1926-27 diary of the teenager who would become the famous French philosopher, author, and feminist, Simone de Beauvoir. Written years before her first meeting with Jean-Paul Sartre, these diaries reveal previously unknown details about her life and offer critical insights into her early philosophy and literary works. Presented here for the first time (...) in translation and fully annotated, the diary is completed by essays from Barbara Klaw and Margaret A. Simons that address its philosophical, historical and literary significance. The volume represents an invaluable resource for tracing the development of Beauvoir's independent thinking and influence on the world. (shrink)

Underlying the recent focus on embodied and interactive aspects of social understanding are several intuitions about what roles the body, interaction processes, and interpersonal experience play. In this paper, we introduce a systematic, hands-on method for investigating the experience of interacting and its role in intersubjectivity. Special about this method is that it starts from the idea that researchers of social understanding are themselves one of the best tools for their own investigations. The method provides ways for researchers to calibrate (...) and to trust themselves as sophisticated instruments to help generate novel insights into human interactive experience. We present the basics of the method, and two empirical studies. The first is a video-study on autism, which shows greater refinement in the way people with autism embody their social interactions than previously thought. The second is a study of thinking in live interactions, which provides insight into the common feeling that too much thinking can hamper interaction, and into how this kind of interactional awkwardness might be unblocked. (shrink)

What role could have intrinsic motivation toward reading in an extraordinary situation like the recent confinement? This research examines the relationship between intrinsic reading motivation and reading habits in an adult population considering types of reading, gender, and distress generated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Participants were 3,849 adults from Spain who were surveyed about their reading practices: before, during the first weeks, and after several weeks of confinement. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze data. Results showed (...) a three-way interaction between reading frequency, IRM, and type of reading. Also, distress seems to pose a differential impact depending on the type of reading. The higher the IRM, the lesser the time devoted to study/work reading and the more to social and news reading. In this sense, IRM can function as a protective factor of reading behavior but only for leisure reading. Results support previous findings of the importance of consciously promoting this type of motivation in all individuals beyond educational contexts, since it seems to be positively related to well-being. Other results and implications are discussed. (shrink)

IntroductionCardiology is characterized by its state-of-the-art biomedical technology and the predominance of Evidence-Based Medicine. This predominance makes it difficult for healthcare professionals to deal with the ethical dilemmas that emerge in this subspecialty. This paper is a first endeavor to empirically investigate the axiological foundations of the healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital. Our pilot study selected, as the target population, cardiology personnel not only because of their difficult ethical deliberations but also because of the stringent conditions in which they (...) have to make them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconsider clinical ethics and Value-Based Medicine. This study proposes a qualitative analysis of the values and the virtues of healthcare professionals in a cardiology hospital in order to establish how the former impact upon the medical and ethical decisions made by the latter.ResultsWe point out the need for strengthening the roles of healthcare personnel as educators and guidance counselors in order to meet the ends of medicine, as well as the need for an ethical discernment that is compatible with our results, namely, that the ethical values developed by healthcare professionals stem from their life history as well as their professional education.ConclusionWe establish the kind of actions, communication skills and empathy that are required to build a stronger patient-healthcare professional relationship, which at the same time improves prognosis, treatment efficiency and therapeutic adhesion. (shrink)

A partir de uma perspectiva decolonial do ensino, este artigo objetiva fazer uma reflexão sobre a dinâmica homogênea do ensino de ciências, a qual se comporta como veículo de reprodução de uma visão de mundo eurocentrada, visando universalizar o conhecimento ocidental em detrimento das demais culturas. Tal objetivo justifica-se na importância de analisarmos o espaço de prestígio que ainda é reservado para a racionalidade científica, a qual é propagada sem a devida contextualização histórico-filosófica. Tomaremos como base a poesia Eu-mulher de (...) Conceição Evaristo, partindo do pressuposto de que um ensino eurocentrado exclui de seu bojo os grupos minorizados, principalmente a mulher negra. (shrink)

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, global economies have suffered an exogenous shock never seen before with a strong economic and psychosocial impact on organizations. Italy, in the context of the research, has been severely affected. The economic crisis has mainly affected women. In this scenario, entrepreneurial perceived success (objective and subjective) is influenced by increasingly burdensome job demands that entrepreneurs have to face up. Using the job demand-resources model, the study aims to broaden the knowledge of the (...) determinants of entrepreneurial perceived success in the current emergency moment. In particular, as regards of the demands, alongside the specific entrepreneurial demands (time demands, uncertainty and risk, and responsibility), we also decided to include the negative interface family–work in both directions from-family-to-work (NEGWIF) and from-work-to-family (NEGFIW). Regarding the resources, we considered entrepreneurial self-efficacy (researching, planning, marshaling, implementing people, and implementing financial), proactive and elaborate social strategies (SS), and both directions of the positive interface: from-family-to-work (POSWIF) and from-work-to-family (POSFIW). All participants are women entrepreneurs (N= 137) who have completed a self-report questionnaire. We explored the associations between demands, resources, and the dimensions of success through hierarchical regressions. As for the demands, time demands, uncertainty and risk, NEGWIF, and NEGFIW negatively influenced the perceived entrepreneurial success. Regarding resources, planning, implementing financial, proactive and elaborate SS positively influenced the perceived entrepreneurial success. (shrink)

Tout au long des Essais, Montaigne analyse les manières de cultiver et de soigner le corps. Cette attention portée au corps s’oppose aussi bien à une position chrétienne qui méprise le corps et cherche à le mortifier, qu’à une position stoïcienne qui dédaigne le corps. Il faut au contraire pour Montaigne éduquer le corps, l’exercer et l’endurcir. Ce soin du corps est d’autant plus essentiel qu’il permet également de développer l’esprit : il est important de renouer constamment la relation de (...) l’esprit au corps. Enfin, prendre soin du corps c’est aussi savoir s’occuper d’un corps malade, en se fondant sur l’expérience et non sur le dogmatisme des médecins. (shrink)

L’auteur étudie la questio n. 480 De raptu, tout en donnant un aperçu des doctrines théologiques et psychologiques autour du raptus de Saint Paul et des différentes visions de Dieu, en circulation dans les années 1230. La questio est comparée aux écrits d’auteurs contemporains et du XIIe siècle. La questio est ensuite comparée à plusieurs ouvrages attribués à Hugues de Saint-Cher; ce qui permet de conclure que Hugues lui-même en est l’auteur. Suit une transcription du texte.

BackgroundDouble-blind peer review has been proposed as a possible solution to avoid implicit referee bias in academic publishing. The aims of this study are to analyse the demographics of corresponding authors choosing double-blind peer review and to identify differences in the editorial outcome of manuscripts depending on their review model.MethodsData includes 128,454 manuscripts received between March 2015 and February 2017 by 25 Nature-branded journals. We investigated the uptake of double-blind review in relation to journal tier, as well as gender, country, (...) and institutional prestige of the corresponding author. We then studied the manuscripts’ editorial outcome in relation to review model and author’s characteristics. The gender (male, female, or NA) of the corresponding authors was determined from their first name using a third-party service (Gender API). The prestige of the corresponding author’s institutions was measured from the data of the Global Research Identifier Database (GRID) by dividing institutions in three prestige groups with reference to the 2016 Times Higher Education (THE) ranking. We employed descriptive statistics for data exploration, and we tested our hypotheses using Pearson’s chi-square and binomial tests. We also performed logistic regression modelling with author update, out-to-review, and acceptance as response, and journal tier, author gender, author country, and institution as predictors.ResultsAuthor uptake for double-blind submissions was 12% (12,631 out of 106,373). We found a small but significant association between journal tier and review type (p value < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.054, df = 2). We had gender information for 50,533 corresponding authors and found no statistically significant difference in the distribution of peer review model between males and females (p value = 0.6179). We had 58,920 records with normalised institutions and a THE rank, and we found that corresponding authors from the less prestigious institutions are more likely to choose double-blind review (p value < 0.001, df = 2, Cramer’s V = 0.106). In the ten countries with the highest number of submissions, we found a large significant association between country and review type (p value < 0.001, df = 10, Cramer’s V = 0.189). The outcome both at first decision and post review is significantly more negative (i.e. a higher likelihood for rejection) for double-blind than single-blind papers (p value < 0.001, df = 1, Cramer’s V = 0.112 for first decision; p value < 0.001; df = 1, Cramer’s V = 0.082 for post-review decision).ConclusionsThe proportion of authors that choose double-blind review is higher when they submit to more prestigious journals, they are affiliated with less prestigious institutions, or they are from specific countries; the double-blind option is also linked to less successful editorial outcomes. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar oito dissertações de mestrado do Grufopees/CNPq-Ufes produzidas entre anos de 2018-2021, dialogando com seus diferentes níveis e pressupostos técnicos, metodológicos, epistemológicos e filosóficos. Apoia-se na pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica, fundamentada na análise epistemológica do conhecimento. Toma os pressupostos da Teoria do Agir Comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas, buscando dialogar com as produções em busca de consensos acerca do conhecimento produzido. Tem como participantes os autores-pesquisadores das dissertações, considerando para a produção, organização e categorização (...) dos dados a “Matriz Epistemológica”. A análise de dados se fundamenta nos “Círculos Argumentativos”, que se constituem pela via do discurso expresso pelos argumentos explícitos nos “atos de fala” dos sujeitos, que “desproblematizam” no plano discursivo a respeito da ação/prática, buscando identificar as relações estabelecidas entre pesquisador e participantes, a constituição do problema de pesquisa, os processos de pesquisa, a compreensão da realidade e as intenções de mudança. Evidencia-se uma forte atuação do grupo em processos de transformação inerentes à perspectiva teórico-metodológica da pesquisa-ação colaborativo-crítica, concebidas na elaboração de processos de formação continuada na perspectiva da inclusão escolar e de políticas para a formação em municípios capixabas. Nota-se a perspectiva do discurso expressa na aposta em empreender comunicativamente com os sujeitos de contexto um espaço de fala para expor opiniões por duas vias do discurso, tanto o discurso teórico, no qual as experiências e pretensões de verdade são tematizadas, quanto o discurso prático, no qual se tematiza e avalia se determinada norma de ação pode ser fundamentada. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um diálogo entre a literatura que perpassa a temática entre os filósofos Jürgen Habermas e Immanuel Kant, e suas contribuições para pensarmos o campo da Educação. Caracteriza-se por um estudo bibliográfico, fundamentado na análise e interpretação da temática proposta. Aponta-se algumas aproximações relevantes da perspectiva habermasiana e o pensamento kantiano, sobretudo no que diz respeito a conceitos básicos como emancipação e conhecimento, apropriando-se dos sentidos e interpretações discutidas nas obras bibliográficas elencadas. A partir do (...) diálogo exposto, compreende-se as contribuições dos pressupostos comunicativos no campo educacional, na área de formação continuada de profissionais da educação, conduzindo assim a uma justiça social expressa por processos de ensino-aprendizagem, garantindo o preparo de profissionais da educação fundamentada na concepção de um professor reflexivo, pesquisador e que aprende com o coletivo, visando o atendimento às necessidades de seus estudantes. (shrink)

Simone de Beauvoir, still a teen, began a diary while a philosophy student at the Sorbonne. Written in 1926-27—before Beauvoir met Jean-Paul Sartre—the diaries reveal previously unknown details about her life and times and offer critical insights into her early intellectual interests, philosophy, and literary works. Presented for the first time in translation, this fully annotated first volume of the Diary includes essays from Barbara Klaw and Margaret A. Simons that address its philosophical, historical, and literary significance. It remains (...) an invaluable resource for tracing the development of Beauvoir’s independent thinking and her influence on philosophy, feminism, and the world. (shrink)