About this topic
Summary Academic skepticism was one of the two major ancient skeptical traditions. The skeptical Academic movement arose out of both the epistemological debate between Academics and Stoics and the return to Socrates’ dialectical style of philosophizing. The skeptical phase of the Academy ranges from Arcesilaus (316/5–241/0 BC), through Carneades (214–129/8 BC) and his student Clitomachus (187–10 BC), to Philo of Larissa (159/8–84/3 BC), to name only the most important figures.
Key works Hankinson 1995 and Thorsrud 2009 offer detailed presentations of the skeptical phase of the Academy.
Introductions Machuca 2011
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  1. Cícero, Tratado da República.Ana Rita Lopes - 2012 - Cultura:291-296.
    É que nada é mais imutável, nada é mais firme do que um povo unido pela concórdia e que tudo reporta à sua preservação e à sua liberdade. Em tal Estado é facílimo alcançar a concórdia, na qual a todos con­vém a mesma coisa. Da variedade de interesses, quando a cada um agrada uma coisa diferente, nascem as discórdias. (Cícero, Tratado da República, I. 49) Preâmbulo Cícero, uma das figuras incontornáveis da história de Roma, tem sido admirado pelo seu percurso (...)
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  2. Cicero on Natural and Artificial Divination.Andree Hahmann - 2024 - Ancient Philosophy 44 (1):225-246.
    Cicero distinguishes between two forms of divination: natural and artificial divination. Most contemporary scholars assume that Cicero presents a Stoic division and some even draw far-reaching conclusions about the scientific status of divination based on this distinction. However, his justification for the division is apparently contradictory and neither fits with Stoic nor Peripatetic claims that are found elsewhere. This paper examines the exact meaning of the division and sheds light on its Stoic and Peripatetic origin. In this way, we will (...)
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  3. Populus: the Birth, Death and Resurrection of the Political Subject (from Cicero to Hobbes).A. V. Marey - 2019 - Sociology of Power 31 (4):95-111.
  4. Legal Analogies in Cicero's Political Thought.Maarten Klink - 2024 - Journal of the History of Ideas 85 (1):1-17.
    Cicero's political thought is pervaded by analogies of private law that helped him to overcome philosophical difficulties. One serious difficulty was the demand of natural law that property must be owned by the one capable of managing it. This posed a problem to that most remarkable piece of property of all: the res publica. While incapable of managing it, the people was the only theoretically possible owner of the res publica. The legal concept "guardianship" offered a solution. In Cicero's writings (...)
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  5. El académico y pragmático Carnéades: el arte de tomar decisiones probables sin asentir a ellas.Ramón Román Alcalá - 2023 - Pensamiento 79 (303):371-386.
    Carnéades es un escéptico académico y un pragmático que quiere fundamentar la ética no en la idea de Bien o Valor, sino en la noción de bien útil, convincente y conveniente. Una noción basada no tanto en hacer algo grande que merezca la admiración o el elogio de las personas, sino en no hacer mal a nadie y extender el bienestar personal a la mayoría. Para ello creó una norma o guía, una regla de conducta probable o persuasiva que invitaba (...)
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  6. Malcolm S chofield, Cicero. Political philosophy, Oxford, Oxford University Press, « Founders of modern political and social thought », 2021, xiv -285 p. [REVIEW]Christelle Veillard - 2023 - Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 120 (4):581-583.
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  7. Cicero: Wort, Staat, Welt.Otto Seel - 1953 - Stuttgart,: E. Klett.
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  8. Enforceable Duties: Cicero and Kant on the Legal Nature of Political Order.Benjamin Straumann - 2023 - Jus Cogens 5 (2):255-275.
    This article seeks to show the importance of Cicero for Kant by pointing out the systematic relationship between their respective views on ethics and law. Cicero was important to Kant because Cicero had already elaborated an imperative, “quasi-jural” conception of duty or obligation. Cicero had also already prefigured the distinction between ethical duties and duties of justice. The article does not establish any direct historical influence, but points out interesting systematic overlaps. The most important in the realm of ethics are (...)
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  9. Navigating Cognitive Success (and Failure): Cicero, Lucullus 66.Tobias Reinhardt - 2023 - In Therese Fuhrer & Janja Soldo (eds.), Fallibility and Fallibilism in Ancient Philosophy and Literature. De Gruyter. pp. 67-88.
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  10. Beyond Hellenistic Epistemology: Arcesilaus and the Destruction of Stoic Metaphysics, written by Charles E. Snyder.Tyler Wark - 2023 - International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 13 (3):255-260.
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  11. 12 The Political Theory of Cicero’s De officiis.Jed W. Atkins - 2023 - In Jörn Müller & Philipp Brüllmann (eds.), Cicero: De officiis. De Gruyter. pp. 197-214.
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  12. 3 Cicero’s Academic Scepticism in De officiis.Georgia Tsouni - 2023 - In Jörn Müller & Philipp Brüllmann (eds.), Cicero: De officiis. De Gruyter. pp. 33-50.
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  13. 5 Nicht-ideale Ethik für nicht-weise Menschen: Gerechtigkeit und soziales Handeln bei Cicero (Off. 1.20–60).Christoph Horn - 2023 - In Jörn Müller & Philipp Brüllmann (eds.), Cicero: De officiis. De Gruyter. pp. 71-88.
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  14. 11 Seeming, Being and Exempla in Cicero’s De officiis 3.Rebecca Langlands - 2023 - In Jörn Müller & Philipp Brüllmann (eds.), Cicero: De officiis. De Gruyter. pp. 179-196.
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  15. Cicero und die neue Akademie.Alfons Weische - 1961 - Münster, Westf.,: Aschendorff.
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  16. Seneca on Prolēpsis: Greek Sources and Cicero’s Influence.Antonello Orlando - 2014 - In Jula Wildberger & Marcia L. Colish (eds.), Seneca Philosophus. De Gruyter. pp. 43-64.
  17. The Speech Act of Thanking in Cicero’s Correspondence.Svetlana Kočovska–Stevoviќ - 2017 - Годишен зборник на Филозофскиот факултет/The Annual of the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje 70:117-138.
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  18. Kunstlehren des Sprechens und Denkens – Aristoteles, Cicero, Quintilian.Björn Hambsch - 2021 - In Andrea Allerkamp & Sarah Schmidt (eds.), Handbuch Literatur & Philosophie. De Gruyter. pp. 106-114.
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  19. Expert Impressions in Stoicism.Máté Veres & David Machek - 2023 - Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 105 (2):241-264.
    We focus on the question of how expertise as conceived by the Stoics interacts with the content of impressions. In Section 1, we situate the evidence concerning expert perception within the Stoic account of cognitive development. In Section 2, we argue that the content of rational impressions, and notably of expert impressions, is not exhausted by the relevant propositions. In Section 3, we argue that expert impressions are a subtype of kataleptic impressions which achieve their level of clarity and distinctness (...)
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  20. Ein frühmittelstoisches System der Ethik bei Cicero.Maximilian Schäfer - 1934 - In M. Pohlenz, Georg Kilb & Maximillian Schäfer (eds.), Stoicism. Garland.
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  21. Hume is the Enemy of Pyrrho.Dominic K. Dimech - 2021 - Philosophy 96 (4):651-674.
    I offer reasons against reading Hume as a Pyrrhonian sceptic. I argue that Hume's scepticism is motivated differently, that his sceptical strategies are not analogous to Pyrrhonism's, and that it is profitable to read Hume as a critic of Pyrrhonism. I hold that the most informative point of comparison between Hume and Sextus Empiricus is a point of difference, namely, their stands on the connection between suspension of judgement (epochê) and tranquillity (ataraxia). For Sextus, tranquillity flows naturally from suspending judgement (...)
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  22. From Aristotle to Cicero: Essays in Ancient Philosophy.Gisela Striker (ed.) - 2022 - New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
    This volume draws together a selection of Gisela Striker's essays from the last forty years in the areas of research for which she is best known: Aristotle's logic and ethics, and Hellenistic epistemology and ethics.
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  23. The violent rhetoric of accusation : Cicero and the Marcus Ameleus Scaurus case.G. Pavlich - 2017 - In Joshua Nichols (ed.), Legal violence and the limits of the law. Routledge.
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  24. Schönheit - der Körper als Kunstprodukt: Kommentierte Quellentexte von Cicero bis Goya.Romana Sammern & Julia Saviello (eds.) - 2018 - Berlin: Reimer.
    Spätestens seit der berühmten Anekdote vom Bild der schönen Helena gilt körperliche Schönheit als ein Kunstprodukt. Für sein Bildnis der Helena soll der griechische Maler Zeuxis die fünf hervorragendsten Jungfrauen ausgewählt und von jedem Modell den jeweils schönsten Körperteil gemalt haben. Nach dieser Vorstellung ist vollkommene Schönheit erst durch einen künstlichen Eingriff zu erzielen; das gilt sowohl für den lebendigen Körper als auch für sein künstlerisches Abbild. Kunst und Körperpflege stehen damit in einem spannungsvollen Wechselverhältnis. Denn die Grundlagen und Mittel (...)
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  25. Laughter, social norms and ethics in Cicero's works.Charles Guérin - 2019 - In Pierre Destrée & Franco V. Trivigno (eds.), Laughter, Humor, and Comedy in Ancient Philosophy. Oxford University Press.
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  26. An ancient guide to good politics: a literary and ethical reading of Cicero's de Republica.Moryam VanOpstal - 2022 - Lanham: Lexington Books.
    In An Ancient Guide to Good Politics: A Literary and Ethical Reading of Cicero's De Republica, Moryam VanOpstal argues that Cicero should be considered the great unifier of classical political thought, with fresh insight on pivotal issues such as the best way of life and how to preserve a good regime.
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  27. XI. Ueber den Harleianus 2682 des Cicero.Heinrich Schwarz - 1895 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 54 (1-4):163-177.
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  28. The text of cicero, in vatiνiuμ 3.Tadeusz Maslowski - 1992 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 136 (2):181-187.
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  29. L’ ethique d’antiochus d’ascalon.François Prost - 2001 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 145 (2):244-268.
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  30. Aratean influence in the de consola tu suo of cicero.David Payne Kubiak - 1994 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 138 (1):52-66.
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  31. Aspects of the carolingian response to cicero.John Moorhead - 1985 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 129 (1-2):109-120.
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  32. Conjectures on cicero, ad familiares.W. B. Sedgwick - 1956 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 100 (1-2):311-312.
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  33. Die Theorie der Staatsformen bei Cicero de re publ. I.Friedrich Solmsen - 1933 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 88 (1-4):326-341.
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  34. 4. Zu Cicero und Germanicus.W. V. Voigt - 1913 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 72 (1-4):157-158.
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  35. 8. Zu Cicero ad Att. III 25.W. Sternkopf - 1907 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 66 (1-4):315-319.
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  36. XXXIV. Comperendinatio bei Cicero pro Fiacco?Joseph Lezius - 1901 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 60 (1-4):593-600.
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  37. XXXI. Handschriftliches zu Cicero De inventione. – Versus Hieronymi ad Augustinum, Augustini ad Hieronymum. – Zu Marius Victorinus De definitionibus. [REVIEW]Samuel Brandt - 1903 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 62 (1):620-625.
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  38. 20. Zu Cicero in Cat. or. IV, 24 u. 7.Friedrich Wilhelm Münscher - 1897 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 56 (1):725-727.
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  39. IX. Zu Cicero’s Tuskulanen.Ed Ströbel - 1891 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 50 (1-4):81-85.
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  40. 12. Die Personenzeichen in den Handschriften von Cicero’s Tusculanae disputationes.A. Spengel - 1889 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 48 (1-4):367-369.
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  41. III. Zur kritik der rhetorischen und philosophischen schriften Cicero's.A. Weidner - 1879 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 38 (1-4):63-90.
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  42. 14. Zur texteskritik von Cicero's Laelius.Gustav Lahmeyer - 1869 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 29 (1-4):558-561.
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  43. 30. Zu Cicero’s or. pro Roscio Amerino.A. Weidner - 1876 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 35 (1-4).
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  44. XXII. Ammianus’ beziehungen zu seinen vorbildern, Cicero, Sallustius, Livius, Tacitus.Hans Wirz - 1877 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 36 (1-4):627-636.
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  45. 39. Eine interpolation in Cicero pro Milone.Hugo Weber - 1874 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 33 (1-4):739-741.
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  46. 17. Zur Cicero′s Hortensius Karl schenkt.Karl Schenkl - 1872 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 31 (1-4):563-564.
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  47. XI.Zur würdigung der Leydener und der zweiten Rheinauer handschrift von Cicero's Cato maior.Gustav Lahmeyer - 1866 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 23 (1-4):473-481.
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  48. 1. Zu Cicero’s Orator.Ernst Volger - 1858 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 13 (1-4):192-195.
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  49. IX. Beitrag zur kritik von Cicero’s Cato maior.Gustav Lahmeger - 1864 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 21 (1-4):284-307.
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  50. 40. Zu Cicero de Officiis.Fr Muther - 1864 - Philologus: Zeitschrift für Antike Literatur Und Ihre Rezeption 21 (1-4):685-687.
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