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Summary

Hume approaches topics in metaphysics and epistemology via his theory of ideas and the cognitive faculties. In metaphysics, his primary interest is in questions not of the form ‘What is X?’ but of the form ‘What can we conceive X to be?’ His best-known contribution is his argument that causation, as far as we can conceive it, is just regular succession among objects or events, plus our habit of inferring one object or event from another. He also made important contributions concerning space and time, existence, identity, substances, and free will. In epistemology, his primary interest is in questions of the form ‘Which of our cognitive faculties is responsible for our belief in X?’ His best-known contribution is his argument that habit, not reason, engages us to suppose that unobserved events will resemble observed ones (a view concerning what philosophers now call induction). He also made important contributions concerning the distinction between the a priori and the a posteriori, belief in the external world, and religious belief.

Key works

Books that discuss Hume's views about a range of topics in metaphysics and epistemology (construed broadly, so as to include philosophy of mind, action and language) include Stroud 1977Garrett 1997 and Allison 2008Fogelin 1985 and Loeb 2002 are devoted to his epistemology. For three different approaches to his theory of causation, see Blackburn 1990, Kail 2007 and Millican 2009. For two different approaches to his argument about induction, see Owen 1999 and Peter Millican's article 'Hume's Sceptical Doubts Concerning Induction,' in Millican 2001.

Introductions

Three introductory books that take quite different approaches to Hume's metaphysics and epistemology are Ayer 1980Blackburn 2008 and Wright 2009Norton & Taylor 1993 contains helpful introductory articles on Hume's views about several topics in metaphysics and epistemology.

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  1. Identidad personal y “ciencia del hombre” en el Tratado de la naturaleza humana de Hume. Una problematización.Marcia Gonzales LLanos - 2017 - Estudios de Filosofía 15:11-32.
  2. Hume's "gematigd" scepticisme, futiel of fataal?P. de Martelaere - 1987 - Brussel: AWLSK.
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  3. El hombre, yo pienso: introducción al pensamiento moderno: de Descartes ("Discurso del método," "La búsqueda de la verdad") a Hume ("Tratado de la naturaleza humana"): experiencia, material didáctico.Blas López Molina - 1989 - Granada: Grupo de Autores Unidos.
  4. Certainly useless: empiricists’ uncomfortable relationship with intuition.Lewis Powell - 2023 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 31 (4):724-743.
    During the early modern period, a framework broadly attributable to Descartes sought to establish all knowledge on a foundation of indubitable truths that are fully clear and totally certain: intuitions. A powerful challenge to treating these seemingly unassailable intuitions as epistemic foundations is that the only truths which can be known in this fashion are so obvious and useless that they could not produce any other knowledge. Rationalists typically respond to this worry by maintaining that there are substantive intuitive truths. (...)
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  5. Hume.A. J. Ayer - 1992 - In John Dunn, A. J. Ayer & J. O. Urmson (eds.), The British empiricists: Locke, Berkeley, Hume. Oxford University Press.
  6. The Epistemology of Disagreement: Hume, Kant, and the Current Debate.Robert Kyle Whitaker - unknown
    The epistemological issue of disagreement comprises several related problems which arise in relation to disagreeing with another person. The central questions at issue are: (1) Can a body of evidence confer rationality on opposed propositions? (2) What is the relevance of unshareable evidence to disagreement? (3) What are one’s epistemic responsibilities in the context of disagreement? I consider several arguments from the recent disagreement literature which suggest that reasonable disagreements between people who have shared their evidence and are epistemic peers--i.e., (...)
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  7. Tong wang ren xue tu zhong: Xiumo ren xing lun yan jiu = Toward humanics: Hume's theory of human nature.Zhending Huang - 1997 - [Changsha shi]: Hunan sheng xin hua shu dian jing xiao.
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  8. Le travail du scepticisme: Montaigne, Bayle, Hume.Frédéric Brahami - 2001 - Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
  9. İnsan Doğası Üzerine Bir Tartışma: Hume ve Nietzsche.Mustafa Efe Ateş - 2015 - Dört Öge 7:77 - 90.
    On yedinci yüzyılın sonlarından on sekizinci yüzyılın ortalarına kadar, özellikle birçok Britanyalı filozof insan doğasına ilişkin kapsamlı bir felsefi tartışma içerisine girmiştir. Ancak bu dönemi takip eden yüzyılda söz konusu tartışma zamanla şiddetini yitirmiştir. Bu durumun ortaya çıkmasındaki önemli bir etken Nietzsche’nin insan doğası tartışmasına getirdiği eleştirilerdir. Bu yazıda özellikle on yedinci yüzyılın sonlarından on sekizinci yüzyılın ortalarına kadar kapsamlı bir şekilde tartışılan insan doğası tartışmasının tarihsel bir incelemesini yapacağım. İlk olarak insan doğasının bilimini kurmaya girişen filozoflara değinerek, onların insan (...)
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  10. Personal Identity and Persistence: An Evolving Bundle of Mental and Physical Features.Aaron Rivera - manuscript
    The problem of personal identity contains various questions and issues, but the main issue is persistence; how can one person remain the same over time? Modern philosophers have proposed various solutions to this problem; however, none are without problems. David Hume rejected the notion of personal identity as fictitious and posited a theory that personal identity is merely a bundle of perceptions which does not remain the same over time. Hume’s approach to personal identity is flawed, and Derek Parfit pushed (...)
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  11. Modernité et tradition: essais sur l'entre-deux.Herman De Dijn - 2003 - Dudley, MA: Peeters.
    Introduction -- Sagesse et savoir théorique (Spinoza I) -- Naturalisme et religion révélée (Spinoza II) -- Un naturalisme ironique (Hume I) -- Théorie et pratique, et la pratique de la théorie (Spinoza et Hume) -- Science, sens commun et sagesse -- Science et religion -- Science et éthique -- Ethique et religion -- La fin de l'histoire -- Progrès et tradition.
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  12. Hume and Induction: Merely Cognitive Psychology?Georges Dicker - 2023 - Hume Studies 48 (1):79-116.
    Abstract:The purpose of Hume’s argument about induction, contra “literalist” interpretations that see it merely as psychology, is to show that induction cannot be justified. Hume maintains that the only way to justify induction would be to demonstrate or to produce a good inductive argument for the uniformity principle (UP). His most famous point is that any attempt to justify UP inductively would be circular. One may retort that no inductive argument can be circular, for a circular argument must be deductively (...)
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  13. Hume’s Functionalism.Sardar Hosseini - 2023 - Hume Studies 48 (1):31-59.
    Abstract:This paper claims that Hume is committed to a rather sophisticated form of functionalism. This claim is based upon the following arguments: first, Hume’s characterization of objects such as vegetables and animal bodies in terms of their functional identity, and their underlying analogy with the identity we ascribe to persons or selves, implies that an absolute constancy is not part of the essential nature of persons. Rather, what corresponds to this assumed metaphysical constancy is functional identity. Second, Hume’s distinction between (...)
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  14. Hume’s Epistemological Evolution by Hsueh M. Qu (review). [REVIEW]Dan Kervick - 2023 - Hume Studies 48 (1):183-187.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:Hume’s Epistemological Evolution by Hsueh M. QuDan KervickHsueh M. Qu, Hume’s Epistemological Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 280. Hardback. ISBN: 9780190066291, $90.Every interpreter of Hume is compelled to grapple at some point with the problem of the relationship between Hume’s Treatise of Human Nature (1739) and his two enquiries: An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding (1748) and An Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals (1751). Readers are (...)
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  15. The Concealed Influence of Custom: Hume’s “Treatise” from the Inside Out by Jay L. Garfield. [REVIEW]John Christian Laursen - 2023 - Hume Studies 48 (1):179-182.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Reviewed by:The Concealed Influence of Custom: Hume’s “Treatise” from the Inside Out by Jay L. GarfieldJohn Christian LaursenJay L. Garfield. The Concealed Influence of Custom: Hume’s “Treatise” from the Inside Out. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. 302. Hardback. ISBN: 978-0-19-093340-1, $82. This book has at least two original and great merits. One is that it is one of the first in the Hume literature to be truly global. (...)
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  16. Is Hume a Methodological Empiricist?Ruth Weintraub - 2023 - Hume Studies 48 (1):117-141.
    Abstract:The question broached in the title may sound odd. It makes sense to ask whether Hume’s empiricism is successful, and whether it is the best way of rendering rigorous the (vague) empiricist view. But is it not obvious that Hume is an empiricist? I shall argue that the answer is negative, at least when we are concerned with methodological empiricism, pertaining to the way inquiry, both scientific and philosophical, must proceed. In support of my claim, I will distinguish between the (...)
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  17. Possible Thomistic Response to Hume’s Law and to Moore’s Open-Question Argument.Augusto Trujillo Werner - 2020 - Philosophy and Theology 32 (1-2):173-191.
    This article concerns Aquinas’s practical doctrine on two philosophical difficulties underlying much contemporary ethical debate. One is Hume’s Is-ought thesis and the other is its radical consequence, Moore’s Open-question argument. These ethical paradoxes appear to have their roots in epistemological scepticism and in a deficient anthropology. Possible response to them can be found in that Aquinas’s human intellect (essentially theoretical and practical at the same time) naturally performs three main operations: 1º) To apprehend the intellecta and universal notions ens, verum (...)
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  18. Strategies for Teaching Kant’s Metaphysics and Hume’s Skepticism in Survey Courses.C. D. Brewer - 2018 - Teaching Philosophy 41 (1):1-19.
    Teaching Kant’s metaphysics to undergraduates in a survey course can be quite challenging. Specifically, it can be daunting to motivate interest in Kant’s project and present his system in an accessible way in a short amount of time. Furthermore, comprehending some of the important features of his requires some understanding of Hume’s skepticism. Unfortunately, students often misunderstand the extent and relevance of Hume’s skepticism. Here, I offer three strategies for presenting Kant’s metaphysics as a response to Hume. First, I describe (...)
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  19. Estudos de Filosofia Moderna.Lia Levy & Ethel Rocha (eds.) - 2011 - Porto Alegre: Linus Editora.
    Aristotle, Master Eckhart, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hobbes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant are among the authors exegetically challenged in this collection of fifteen investigations on classical philosophical themes (rational justification, theory of judgment, analysis of duty and moral principles, doctrine of the subject, freedom, substance and property, necessity and contingency, existence and causality). The choice of the logical geography of these themes relies on the conviction that philosophical understanding and historical inquiry are intrinsically connected.
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  20. David Hunter: On Believing. [REVIEW]Simon Wimmer - forthcoming - Philosophical Quarterly.
    David Hunter starts his book with Anscombe's remark that the difficulty of accommodating belief's psychological and logical aspects makes it the most difficult.
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  21. Nailed to Hume's cross?John W. Carroll - 2008 - In Theodore Sider, John Hawthorne & Dean W. Zimmerman (eds.), Contemporary debates in metaphysics. Blackwell.
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  22. 30-Second Philosophies: The 50 Most Thought-Provoking Philosophies, Each Explained in Half a Minute.Barry Loewer, Stephen Law & Julian Baggini (eds.) - 2009 - New York: Metro Books.
    Language & Logic -- Glossary -- Aristotle's syllogisms -- Russell's paradox & Frege's logicism -- profile: Aristotle -- Russell's theory of description -- Frege's puzzle -- Gödel's theorem -- Epimenides' liar paradox -- Eubulides' heap -- Science & Epistemology -- Glossary -- I think therefore I am -- Gettier's counter example -- profile: Karl Popper -- The brain in a vat -- Hume's problem of induction -- Goodman's gruesome riddle -- Popper's conjectures & refutations -- Kuhn's scientific revolutions -- Mind (...)
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  23. Against all reason? : scepticism about the instrumental norm.Stephen Finlay - 2009 - In Charles R. Pigden (ed.), Hume on motivation and virtue. Palgrave-Macmillan.
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  24. The Hume-Burke connection examined.Max Skjönsberg - 2023 - History of European Ideas 49 (2):243-266.
    This article examines the connection, personal and intellectual, between David Hume and Edmund Burke. Scholars have often compared the two thinkers, mainly in an unsystematic and selective way. Burke’s early biographers regarded them as opposite figures on account of Hume’s religious and philosophical scepticism and Burke’s devout Christian faith. By contrast, modern scholars often stress their intellectual kinship. More specifically, they have repeatedly attempted to place Hume and Burke either close together or far apart on a liberal-conservative spectrum. This article (...)
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  25. 36th International Hume Society Conference. Naturalism and Hume’s Philosophy. Conference Papers.Letitia Meynell, Donald Baxter, Nathan Brett & Lívia Guimaraes (eds.) - 2009 - The Printer.
  26. Brian Ribeiro, Sextus, Montaigne, Hume: Pyrrhonizers.John Christian Laursen - 2022 - Journal of Scottish Philosophy 20 (3):269-272.
  27. The developmental potential of the human mind: Hume on children and the formation of fiction.Elena Gordon - 2022 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 31 (1):58-78.
    Fictions feature prominently in several of Hume’s important arguments about the external world. For example, Hume is clear that there would be no belief in the continued existence of objects, were it not for the fictions that are causally responsible for effecting this belief. Interpreters of Hume on the topic of fiction generally argue that the formation of fiction requires the possession of general ideas and the use of language. Drawing upon recent attempts in the literature to advance this claim, (...)
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  28. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature.Angela M. Coventry (ed.) - forthcoming - Broadview Press.
    In his autobiography, David Hume famously noted that A Treatise of Human Nature “fell dead-born from the press.” Yet it is now widely regarded as one of the greatest philosophical works written in the English language. Within, Hume offers an empirically informed account of human nature, addressing a range of topics such as space, time, causality, the external world, personal identity, passions, freedom, necessity, virtue, and vice. This edition includes not only the full text of the Treatise but also Hume’s (...)
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  29. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature.Angela M. Coventry - forthcoming - Broadview Press.
    In his autobiography, David Hume famously noted that A Treatise of Human Nature “fell dead-born from the press.” Yet it is now widely regarded as one of the greatest philosophical works written in the English language. Within, Hume offers an empirically informed account of human nature, addressing a range of topics such as space, time, causality, the external world, personal identity, passions, freedom, necessity, virtue, and vice. This edition includes not only the full text of the Treatise but also Hume’s (...)
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  30. Los juicios de gusto en el escepticismo humeano.Valeria Schuster - 2022 - Tópicos 44:e0009.
    En nuestro trabajo analizamos la propuesta de una norma del gusto por parte de David Hume en el marco de su filosofía escéptica. Nuestra investigación parte de la premisa de que el filósofo no logra consolidar los principios básicos de una Ciencia del Hombre tal como él mismo propone en la Introducción del Tratado de la naturaleza humana y que, por lo tanto, en varios ámbitos del saber no es posible distinguir cuáles son los principios últimos que rigen el entendimiento (...)
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  31. Interrupting Kant’s Dogmatic Slumber.Katherine Dunlop - 2022 - Con-Textos Kantianos 16:262-265.
    _Review of: Anderson, Abraham, _Kant, Hume, and the Interruption of Dogmatic Slumber_, New York, Oxford University Press, 2020, 180+xxii, 978-0-19-009674-8_.
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  32. Hume und Russell über Grenzen des Empirismus.Reinhard Fiedler - 2018 - Aufklärung Und Kritik 4 (2018):118-124.
    This is a short reminder that Bertrand Russell suggested a number of a priori postulates which are to serve as foundation for an empiricist philsophy.
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  33. Hume und Russell über Grenzen des Empirismus.Reinhard Fiedler - 2018 - Aufklärung Und Kritik 4 (25. Jahrhgang):118 - 124.
    The article gives a short characterization of Russell's solution to Hume's problem: empirical postulates.
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  34. Hume und Russell über Grenzen des Empirimus.Reinhard Fiedler - 2018 - Aufklärung Und Kritik 4 (2018):118 - 124.
    Russell's a priori postulates of empirist theories of knowledge. Kurze Darstellung von Russells Postulaten als Ermöglichung einer empiristischen Erkenntnistheorie.
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  35. Hume’s Account of Self-identity: the First-Person and the Third-Person Accounts. 양선이 - 2022 - Modern Philosophy 20:131-161.
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  36. Hume’s Problem of the Existence of the External World. 백승환 - 2022 - Modern Philosophy 20:95-130.
    본고는 흄의 외부 세계 현존 문제에 대한 비판적 재구성을 꾀한다. 흄은 그의 주저 『인성론』 1권, 4부, 2절 논의(“감관들에 관련된 회의주의에 대해서 Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses”)에서 지금까지도 계속 철학자들의 골치를 썩이는 이 문제를 다룬다. 하지만 흄의 논의는 필요 이상으로 장황하고 복잡다단하며 불분명한 탓에, 일단 먼저 그가 제시한 논증을 차례대로 좇아서 살피기 전에 논증의 전 구조를 망라하는 그림이 필요하다. 따라서 본고에서 필자는, 첫째, 외부 세계 현존 문제를 위한 흄의 논증 기저에 놓인 근본적 사유틀을 압축해서 드러낸다. 둘째, 이러한 사유틀을 기초로 (...)
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  37. Varieties of Hume’s Naturalism: Based on Hyo-Myung Kim’s Discussion. 최희봉 - 2022 - Modern Philosophy 20:65-93.
    필자는 본 논문에서 흄이 「부록」에서 고백하는 “자아의 동일성 문제”에 있어 흄이 처한 곤경이 무엇인가에 대하여 새로운 해석을 제시한다. 우선 필자는 김효명이 『영국경험론』에서 제시한 「부록」의 “흄의 곤경”에 관한 해석이 지닌 의의와 한계를 검토한다. 김효명은 「부록」의 흄이 처한 곤경을 선험적 자아를 받아들일 것인가 말 것인가 하는 딜레마적 상황으로 해석하고, 이 문제를 해결할 수 있는 대안으로, 지각을 지각의 내용뿐만 아니라, 지각의 활동까지 포괄하는 개념으로 이해한다면 흄이 처한 난관을 돌파할 수 있을 것이라는 제안을 한다. 그러나 이 해석에는 “지각의 다발”이 지각 활동을 한다는 말이 반직관적이라는 (...)
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  38. Gerhard Streminger, David Hume. Der Philosoph und sein Zeitalter.Thomas Dewender - 2012 - Philosophisches Jahrbuch 119 (2):480-482.
  39. A Progress of Sentiments: Reflections on Hume’s Treatises. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1991. Annette Baier.Colin Smith - 1994 - Philosophica 53.
  40. Hacia una interpretación conectada de la experiencia en la filosofía de David Hume.Sofía Calvente - 2022 - Tópicos 43:47-75.
    En este trabajo nos proponemos hacer un aporte para esclarecer el sentido y la función de la experiencia en el marco de la teoría del conocimiento de Hume. Para ello examinaremos dos interpretaciones que pueden reconstruirse en la literatura secundaria: la que la entiende como impresiones simples de sensación y la que la concibe como patrones de percepciones conectadas. Consideramos que la primera perspectiva no es adecuada para comprender el rol epistémico de la experiencia, lo que nos inclina hacia la (...)
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  41. Leibniz, Bayle y Hume: En torno al problema del mal.Fernando Bahr - 1995 - Tópicos 3:27-51.
  42. Hume contra Aristóteles, Locke y Leibniz sobre la causalidad.Silvio Mota Pinto - 2020 - Tópicos: Revista de Filosofía 59:367-396.
    Aristotle’s conception of causality and the ones Modern philosophers have bequeathed us have been exhaustively discussed, although the contrast between them has not, in my opinion, been sufficiently highlighted. This paper proposes to fill this gap. I start with Aristotelian causality and his theses that causal explanation requires knowledge of causal laws and that the necessity associated with these laws presupposes the existence of causal powers. I discuss next Locke’s and Leibniz’s attempts to modernize Aristotle’s theses on causality. The third (...)
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  43. Seis Percepciones En Busca de Un Yo: Teatro y Subjetividad En David Hume y Luigi Pirandello.Germán Osvaldo Prósperi - 2017 - Praxis Filosófica 44:59-80.
    En este artículo nos proponemos mostrar, por un lado, que resulta factible (y esclarecedor) explicar el capítulo “Of personal identity” del Treatise of Human Nature de David Hume a partir de la obra Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore de Luigi Pirandello, así como esta última obra a partir del texto de Hume; y, por otro lado, que tomando como eje la comparación de la mente con el teatro que propone Hume en dicho capítulo es también posible individuar, según el modo (...)
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  44. Hume. A Very Short Introduction by James A. Harris.Moritz Baumstark - 2022 - Hume Studies 47 (2):315-318.
    This is not the first Very Short Introduction to Hume. An earlier introduction to Hume by the eminent twentieth-century philosopher A. J. Ayer was included in the series in 2000 and is now replaced by James Harris’s volume.1 The choice of Harris by the editors at Oxford University Press was an obvious one, since he published a full-scale intellectual biography of Hume in 2015.2 The shorter book is not, however, merely a shortened version of the larger work. Rather, it was (...)
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  45. The Great Guide: What David Hume can teach us about Being Human and Living Well by Julian Baggini.Lorraine L. Besser - 2022 - Hume Studies 47 (2):311-314.
    In this book, Baggini explores Hume’s life and philosophy in an effort to decipher what contemporary, non-academic, audiences might take away from it about what it means to be human and to live well. This is a daunting project for a couple of reasons. First, in comparison with other major figures in the history of philosophy such as Aristotle, Hume does not himself give much direct guidance on these topics. His writings purport to present analyses of human nature, the influences (...)
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  46. Sistemi filosofici moderni: Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Hume.Simone D'Agostino - 2013 - Pisa: ETS.
  47. Aux sources de l'anthropologie positive: Auguste Comte lecteur de David Hume.Fatma Moumni - 2013 - Paris: L'Harmattan.
    Il est indéniable que Comte a été influencé par Hume depuis sa jeunesse, l'influence de Comte sur Hume se manifeste de façon claire dans un article de 1819 intitulé "Séparation générale entre les opinions et les désirs" qui se trouve dans les Ecrits de jeunesse (1819-1828), et nous voyons aussi que Hume ressurgit à la fin du Système de politique positive (1851-1854), texte dans lequel Auguste Comte affirme qu'il appartient à l'école de Hume. Nous avons deux philosophies anthropologiques qui établissent (...)
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  48. Skeptical doubts concerning the operations of the understanding".David Hume - 2013 - In Jeffrey E. Foss (ed.), Science and the World: Philosophical Approaches. Broadview Press.
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  49. Taking a chance!: la ricerca di David Hume tra causa e caso, una riforma dell'intelletto tra conscio e inconscio.Ivan Ottolini - 2014 - Roma: Aracne editrice S.r.l..
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  50. Crith Aigne: Smaointe na bhFealsamh.Risteárd Mac Annraoi - 2015 - Baile Atha Cliath: Coiscéim.
    Discusses questions of causation, substance, and identity. Among the philosophers discussed are: Immanuel Kant, Thomas Acuin, Augustine, Plato, David Hume, John Locke, Socrates, Aristotle, Baruch Spinoza, Descartes, Leibniz, and Hegel.
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1 — 50 / 6684