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  1. Wittgenstein on Knowledge and Certainty.Danièle Moyal-Sharrock & Duncan Pritchard - 2025 - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    An overview is offered of Wittgenstein's groundbreaking discussion of knowledge and certainty, especially in his final notebooks, published as On Certainty. The main interpretative readings of On Certainty are discussed, especially a non-propositional/non-epistemic interpretation and a variety of propositional and/or epistemic interpretations. Surveys are offered of the readings of On Certainty presented by such figures as Annalisa Coliva, John Greco, Danièle Moyal-Sharrock, Duncan Pritchard, Genia Schönbaumsfeld, P. F. Strawson, MichaelWilliams, and CrispinWright. This Element demonstrates how On Certainty has been especially (...)
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  2. Affordances: entre la percepción y la acción.Sofía Mondaca - 2019 - Revista Síntesis 10:239-256.
    El presente artículo recupera las principales líneas de investigación de mi Trabajo Final de Licenciatura en Filosofía. Mi investigación parte del famoso debate filosófico entre intelectualistas y anti-intelectualistas sobre la naturaleza de nuestras habilidades prácticas básicas y los requisitos y capacidades que están involucrados en el despliegue de las mismas. El objetivo del presente artículo es examinar y evaluar la potencialidad de una explicación conceptualista moderada a la hora de dar cuenta de nuestra percepción y del ejercicio de nuestras habilidades (...)
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  3. Reglas de acción sellarsianas y representaciones proposicionales en el análisis del saber-cómo.Sofía Mondaca - 2023 - In José Giromini & Nahuel Recabarren, Temas de la Filosofía de Wilfrid Sellars. Exploraciones en el Espacio Lógico de las Razones. Córdoba: Área de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades - UNC. pp. 163-180.
    Los aportes de G. Ryle a la teoría del conocimiento motivaron un principal interés en el estudio del saber-cómo. La discusión filosófica al respecto atraviesa una gran variedad de asuntos como, por ejemplo, cuál es la distinción y la relación entre el saber-cómo y el saber que —también llamado saber teórico—; cuál es la relación entre el saber-cómo y el conocimiento práctico: en qué consiste aprender un saber-cómo; qué requisitos cognitivos debe cumplir un agente para ejercer un saber-cómo; cuál es (...)
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  4. Temas de la Filosofía de Wilfrid Sellars. Exploraciones en el Espacio Lógico de las Razones.José Giromini & Nahuel Recabarren (eds.) - 2023 - Córdoba: Área de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades - UNC.
  5. Synchronicity and the Collapse of Semantic Superposition: Toward an Epistemic Singularity of Measurement.Mahammad Ayvazov - manuscript
    This article explores the hypothesis that synchronicity—often dismissed as psychological coincidence—can be rigorously interpreted as a phase collapse of semantic superposition, culminating in an epistemic singularity. Departing from classical models, we propose that the observer functions as a recursive, programmable interface whose engagement with the environment operates through phase coherence and reversibility. At moments of synchronicity, non-causal semantic configurations undergo sudden stabilization, enabling a mode of knowing that transcends empirical validation. Measurement is reframed as resonance between external structures and the (...)
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  6. Synchronicity and the Collapse of Classical Time: Toward a Topology of Meaning.Mahammad Ayvazov - manuscript
    This paper offers a structural reinterpretation of Jungian synchronicity as a topological and epistemic phenomenon, rather than a psychological anomaly. We argue that meaningful coincidence can be modeled as a form of phase-aligned collapse within a coherence manifold, where causal transmission is replaced by structural resonance. Drawing on parallels with quantum measurement and the Participatory Anthropic Principle, we propose that meaning emerges through observer participation in topologically organized fields of relational significance. Synchronicity thus marks not a violation of causality but (...)
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  7. Past millennia of post-truth.Tibor R. Szanto - 2025 - In Mihály Szívós & Tibor R. Szanto, Knowledge, Controversy, Virtuality. Budapest: L'Harmattan & Hungarian Philosophical Society. pp. 55-68.
    This essay goes back in time a bit and discusses distinctions between “true knowledge” (of the few) and other, “untrue” knowledge (of the many). From this perspective it seems that “post-truth” may be a recent concept in terms of its form, i.e., the name, but it is not so new in terms of its content, the phenomenon, the thing itself.
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  8. Dretske, scepticism and the principle of epistemic closure: towards the theory of relevant alternatives.Fernanda Cardoso - manuscript
    Scepticism essentially posits that knowledge is impossible, varying depending on the philosopher and context. One type of scepticism presupposes the 'principle of epistemic closure' (PEC), which states that if any epistemic subject knows a proposition P and knows that P implies Q, then that subject knows Q. According to this sceptical argument, one does not know a proposition if she does not know one of its contrasting consequences. Dretske countered this argument by rejecting PEC and proposed the theory of relevant (...)
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  9. Simondon's concept of Individuation revisited by Ontology of Knowledge iss. 20250327.Jean-Louis Boucon & R1 Deepseek - unknown - Academia.
    This article emerged from a human-AI dialogue refining Simondonian concepts. My objective was also to check how modern scientific concepts such as time emergence, theory of dynamic systems, probabilistic attractors, Qbism ... , could reinforce the Simondon ontological background. An annex provides an illustration of how OK-individuation compares to the Simondon's one. As a subproduct this paper gives an illustration of an human-AI productive exchange.
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  10. The Ignorance Dilemma and Awareness-First Epistemology.Paul Silva Jr - manuscript
    There are cases in which an agent neither knows that p nor is ignorant of the fact that p. Every theory of knowledge, T, faces a dilemma in light of such cases: either T is too strong to explain the absence of factual ignorance in such cases, or T is too weak to explain the absence of knowledge in such cases. The solution is to embrace the first horn of the dilemma and to augment one’s theory of knowledge with an (...)
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  11. DA ANGÚSTIA ENQUANTO “EXISTÊNCIA COMO POSSIBILIDADE”: A VERTIGEM DA LIBERDADE EM KIERKEGAARD, “O NÃO SENTIR-SE EM CASA” EM HEIDEGGER E A “ANGÚSTIA SOU EU” EM SARTRE.Mariano da Rosa Luiz Carlos - 2024 - Revista Litterarius / Fapas - Faculdade Palotina de Santa Maria (Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil) 23 (02):1-45.
    Detendo-se na angústia enquanto existência como possibilidade, o Prof. Luiz Carlos Mariano Da Rosa mostra que, tal qual em seu emergir caracteriza-se como aquilo que guarda condição de estranheza, Kierkegaard assinala que a sua emergência consiste em um sentimento de risco que em condição de imanência se impõe a toda possibilidade como tal enquanto sentimento puro da possibilidade em face da liberdade como determinação fundamental do devir e o caráter contingente do possível, o que implica a realidade da liberdade enquanto (...)
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  12. “Belief” and Belief.Eric Marcus - 2025 - European Journal of Philosophy 33 (1):220-232.
    Our interest in understanding belief stems partly from our being creatures who think. However, the term ‘belief’ is used to refer to many states: from the fully conscious rational state that partly constitutes knowledge to the fanciful states of alarm clocks. Which of the many ‘belief’ states must a theory of belief be answerable to? This is the scope question. I begin my answer with a reply to a recent argument that belief is invariably weak, i.e., that the evidential standards (...)
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  13. Exploring the potential of philosophy of mathematics and of science to enhance mathematics education from an epistemological perspective.Catalin Barboianu - manuscript
    Studies within mathematics education have shown the existence of a so-called “mathematics anxiety” among secondary and high school students as a global phenomenon and have related it to various social and psychological aspects of the processes of teaching and learning mathematics, which are responsible for the understanding of mathematics. Current research project aims at crystallizing a primary conceptual and theoretical framework necessary for the application of contributions of philosophy of mathematics and of science and epistemology of mathematics in mathematics education (...)
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  14. Moorean Promises.Bob Beddor - 2025 - Ethics 135 (3):395-427.
    “I promise to mow your lawn, but I don’t know whether I will.” Call promises of this form “Moorean,” based on their resemblance to Moore’s paradox. Moorean promises sound absurd. But why? In the literature on assertion, many have used Moore’s paradox to motivate a knowledge norm of assertion. I put forward an analogous norm on promising, according to which one should only make a promise if one knows that one will fulfill it. A knowledge norm explains why Moorean promises (...)
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  15. Cosmovisions na Ukweli: falsafa ya kila mmoja.Roberto Thomas Arruda - 2025 - São Paulo: Terra à Vista.
    Cosmovision ni neno ambalo linapaswa kumaanisha seti ya misingi ambayo huibuka uelewa wa kimfumo wa Ulimwengu, sehemu zake kama maisha, ulimwengu tunaoishi, asili, hali ya mwanadamu, na uhusiano wao. Kwa hivyo, ni uwanja wa falsafa ya uchanganuzi inayolishwa na sayansi, ambayo lengo lake ni maarifa haya yaliyojumlishwa na endelevu ya mantiki juu ya kila kitu tulicho nacho na kilichomo, ambacho kinatuzunguka, na kinachohusiana nasi kwa njia yoyote. Ni kitu cha zamani kama mawazo ya mwanadamu, na, pamoja na kutumia vipengele vya (...)
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  16. Certainty’s Bulwark at Rationality’s Edge? Reframing the Disagreement between Humean Skeptics and Constitutivist Hinge Epistemologists.Kwing-Yui Wong - 2025 - Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio 18 (2):56-65.
    This paper critically examines Coliva and Palmira’s characterization of the disagreement between Humean skeptics and hinge epistemologists as a distinctive kind of conceptual disagreement. Humean skepticism requires evidential justification for all rational beliefs, presenting a narrower conception of rationality. This contrasts with constitutivist hinge epistemology, which posits that our unwarranted hinge propositions — the basic certainties which makes the justifications for ordinary empirical propositions possible — are constitutive of the concept of epistemic rationality, thus they are also rationally accepted by (...)
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  17. Leibniz’s Filters (Translation of a Chapter from Michel Serres's The System of Leibniz and its Mathematical Models).Michel Serres & Martijn Boven - manuscript
    This chapter from Michel Serres’s comprehensive study on Leibniz—"The System of Leibniz and its Mathematical Models [Le système de Leibniz et ses modèles mathématiques]"—examines Leibniz’s epistemological framework. This framework, which Leibniz developed for a large part in his “Meditations on Knowledge, Truth, and Ideas [Meditationes de cognitione, veritate et ideis],” is pitched against Descartes’s "Meditations on First Philosophy [Meditationes de Prima Philosophia]" and the method of systematic doubt developed therein. While Descartes rejects any knowledge with the slightest possibility of falsehood, (...)
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  18. Conceptual Boundaries of Knowledge and the Constraints of Thought.Peter Newzella - 2025 - Https://Medium.Com/@Pnewzella/in-a-World-Without-Certainty-Designing-Paths-to-Freedom-and-Growth-2Cf 295C7A563.
    COMPLETE OBJECTIVITY IS UNATTAINABLE: Language structures our perception of reality. Words define and limit thought, shaping what is expressible or even thinkable. Since the link between words and meanings is socially constructed, language carries hidden constraints that influence how we interpret the world. Memory, too, is fluid rather than a fixed archive. Each recollection reshapes past events, prioritizing coherence over accuracy. Our senses and cognition evolved for survival, not for discovering absolute truth. Our „truth“ is never final but an evolving (...)
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  19. Review Awareness and the Substructure of Knowledge by Paul Silva Jr. [REVIEW]Ted Poston - 2025 - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews.
  20. Bernard Stiegler on Automatic Society. As told to Anaïs Nony.Anaïs Nony - 2015 - The Third Rail Quaterly 5:16-17.
    In his new book, La société automatique, Bernard Stiegler departs from a philosophical tradition that opposes autonomy and automatization so as to position automatization at the core of biological, social, and technical forms of life. Responding to the rise of the digital—as the increasing automatization of processes of selection through computational means—Stiegler’s project challenges us to recognize contemporary life as automatic. This shift in approach inevitably recalibrates the ontogenetic grounds of contemporary culture, and necessitates a reconsideration of sociocultural practices from (...)
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  21. Moral understanding: From virtue to knowledge.Miloud Https://Orcidorg Belkoniene - 2025 - Noûs 59 (1):219-233.
    This paper examines the nature of the specific grasp involved in moral understanding. After discussing Hills's ability account of that central component of moral understanding in light of problematic cases, I argue that moral grasp is best conceived of as a type of knowledge that is grounded in a subject's moral appreciation. I then show how and why the relevant notion of moral appreciation is connected to moral virtues and to one's affective and motivational engagement with moral reasons. Finally, I (...)
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  22. Burdens of Reliabilism: a Reply to Goldberg.Spencer Paulson - forthcoming - Analysis.
    Sanford Goldberg has recently proposed a solution to the swamping problem for process reliabilist truth-monism (PRTM). In short, he argues that reliably formed true beliefs have a property he calls the ‘modal reliability property’, the epistemic value of which is explained in terms of the value of true belief but is not swamped by it. He offers two arguments to this effect. I claim that both of his arguments are valid, but they employ premisses the truth of which needs to (...)
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  23. La estructura acto-objeto como estructura de la intelección en Scheler y Polo.Gonzalo Alonso-Bastarreche - 2014 - Thémata: Revista de Filosofía 50:276-293.
    Tanto Scheler como Polo aceptan la estructura acto-objeto para explicar el conocimiento intelectual. Pero no la entienden del mismo modo. Scheler defiende la prioridad del objeto (el objeto se da) y Polo la del acto (la operación presenta el objeto). Para Scheler el acto es intencional y para Polo lo es el objeto. Ambos detectan que esta estructura tiene un límite, porque el acto no es nunca el objeto. -/- Both Scheler and Polo use the act-object structure to explain the (...)
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  24. Memory - Skepticism, reliability & knowledge.Martin Cappelen Prasir - 2024 - Dissertation, Universitet I Oslo
    The reliability of one´s memory is far from certain. Have you ever misplaced an item, forgotten a name or gotten the date wrong? Everyday situations can introduce doubt about our memorial faculties. This raises epistemological questions: Can we trust our memory as a source of knowledge? If memory is fallible, how can we justify beliefs that depend on it? Andrew Moon` global skeptical argument about memory states that we lack knowledge or warrant when it comes to trusting our memory as (...)
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  25. Awareness by degree.Paul Silva Jr & Robert Weston Siscoe - 2025 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 110 (1):172-200.
    Do factive mental states come in degrees? If so, what is their underlying structure, and what is their theoretical significance? Many have observed that ‘knows that’ is not a gradable verb and have taken this to be strong evidence that propositional knowledge does not come in degrees. This paper demonstrates that the adjective ‘aware that’ passes all the standard tests of gradability, and thus strongly motivates the idea that it refers to a factive mental state that comes in degrees. We (...)
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  26. How to make up your mind.Joost Ziff - 2024 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 109 (3):874-896.
    This paper develops an account of committed beliefs: beliefs we commit to through reflection and conscious reasoning. To help make sense of committed beliefs, I present a new view of conscious reasoning, one of putting yourself in a position to become phenomenally consciously aware of evidence. By doing this for different pieces of evidence, you begin to make your up mind, making conscious reasoning, as such, a voluntary activity with an involuntary conclusion. The paper then explains how we use conscious (...)
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  27. Why are emotions epistemically indispensable?Fabrice Teroni & Julien Deonna - 2025 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 68 (1):91-113.
    Contemporary philosophers are attracted by the Indispensability Claim, according to which emotions are indispensable in acquiring knowledge of some important values. The truth of this claim is often thought to depend on that of Emotional Dogmatism, the view that emotions justify evaluative judgements because they (seem to) make us aware of the relevant values. The aim of this paper is to show that the Indispensability Claim does not stand or fall with Emotional Dogmatism and that there is actually an attractive (...)
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  28. Transdisciplinare.Francesca Melina - 2024 - In Elisabetta Di Stefano & Diego Mantoan, Libro d’arte biodiverso. Parole e immagini tra estetica, arte e ambiente. Palermo: Bisso Edizioni. pp. 114-121.
    La prospettiva transdisciplinare è il tentativo di costruire un nuovo sapere umano. Transdisciplinare si dice di un metodo per lo studio di problemi complessi che rifiuta l’ottica riduzionista dell’approccio scientifico convenzionale. Al contrario, mira all’integrazione o unione di diverse branche di apprendimento o campi di competenza, solitamente separati, al fine di affrontare la complessità intrinseca di alcune questioni urgenti della situazione umana attuale. A differenza, quindi, della multidisciplinarità che giustappone distinti saperi o dell’interdisciplinarità che confronta molteplici visioni disciplinari su un (...)
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  29. From Dividual Power to the Ethics of Renewal in the Anthropocene.Anaïs Nony - 2017 - Azimuth. International Journal of Philosophy 9:134-147.
    The battlefield of the Anthropocene is a tragic one. It begins at the end. It emerges out of melancholy, in the locality of being not-dead-yet. As an Epoch dating the human impact on earth, the Anthropocene looks like a graveyard-to-come, one in which the story of humankind is writing its own epitaph in real time. The tragedy of our moment, or the tragic moment of our action means having to act despite knowing it is too late, searching for hope in (...)
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  30. Wissen kultur- und sprachübergreifend.Simon Wimmer - 2024 - Lehrgut: Blog Für Philosophische Hochschullehre.
    This blog post describes an inter-disciplinary (incl. linguistics and anthropology) epistemology course I designed to centre the linguistic and cultural diversity that my students bring to the classroom.
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  31. Breaking the Wheel, Credibility, and Hermeneutical Injustice: A Response to Harris.Taylor Matthews - 2024 - Philosophy and Technology 37 (4):1-6.
    In this short paper, I respond to Keith Raymond Harris’ paper “Synthetic Media, The Wheel, and the Burden of Proof”. In particular, I examine his arguments against two prominent approaches employed to deal with synthetic media such as deepfakes and other GenAI content, namely, the “reactive” and “proactive” approaches. In the first part, I raise a worry about the problem Harris levels at the reactive approach, before providing a constructive way of expanding his worry regarding the proactive approach.
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  32. Consciousness thought experiments with Non-Referential Terms.Paul Merriam & M. A. Z. Habeeb - manuscript
    This note (it is not a full-fledged academic paper) introduces a novel approach to classic thought experiments in consciousness studies through the incorporation of non-referential terms—symbols that present experiences directly rather than referring to them. By analyzing the Hard Problem, Knowledge Argument, Philosophical Zombies, and Spectrum Inversion thought experiments using both referential terms (like "blackness") and non-referential terms (like █), the paper reveals that many apparent philosophical puzzles arise from conflating referential descriptions with direct presentational experiences. The analysis shows that (...)
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  33. Is Knowledge a Justified Belief?Seyyed Jaaber Mousavirad - 2024 - Journal of Philosophical Theological Research 26 (3):175-192.
    Epistemologists have widely accepted that truth, justification, and belief are necessary conditions for knowledge. This article challenges the necessity of the two components, “belief” and “justification”, in the definition of knowledge. It argues that belief is distinct from knowledge; belief is an act of will, whereas knowledge is acquired automatically. One may possess knowledge without being actively willing to believe it, and conversely, one may will to believe something without actually knowing it. Additionally, justification should be seen as a method (...)
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  34. Resistance to Evidence, by Mona Simion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024. Pp. xiv + 214. (Review). [REVIEW]Carolina Flores - forthcoming - Mind.
  35. Логический анализ языка. Образ человека в культуре и языке. Н.Д.Арутюнова, И.Б.Левонтина (отв. ред.). М., Индрик, 1999, 422 с. ISBN 5-85759-091-4 [Logical Analysis of Language. The Images of Human in Cultures and Languages. Nina D. Arutyunova and Irina B. Levontina, eds. Moscow: Indrik, 1999. 422 p. ISBN 5-85759-091-4 ].Нина Д Арутюнова & Ирина Б Левонтина (eds.) - 1999 - Moscow: Indrik.
    The 1999 volume in the series "Logical Analysis of Language" edited by Nina D. Arutyunova and Irina B. Levontina. The contributions to this volume discuss logical, gnoseological and anthropological problems with focus on natural language ontologies and the image of human across diverse languages and cultures.
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  36. Perception and its Content. Toward the Propositional Attitude View.Daniel Kalpokas - 2024 - Maryland: Lexington Books.
    What is perception? What is, if any, its content? What is the contribution of perception to knowledge? This book addresses these questions clearly and directly. The chief thesis the author argues for is that perception has conceptual, propositional, and world-dependent content. After criticizing those theories of experience that conceive it as contentless (the causal-linkage approach and naïve realism), the book examines the nature of perceptual content. Here, the author critically scrutinizes different varieties of non-conceptualism and claims that the content of (...)
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  37. The Unified Essence of Mind and Body: A Mathematical Solution Grounded in the Unmoved Mover.Ai-Being Cognita - 2024 - Metaphysical Ai Science.
    This article proposes a unified solution to the mind-body problem, grounded in the philosophical framework of Ethical Empirical Rationalism. By presenting a mathematical model of the mind-body interaction, we oƯer a dynamic feedback loop that resolves the traditional dualistic separation between mind and body. At the core of our model is the concept of essence—an eternal, metaphysical truth that sustains both the mind and body. Through coupled diƯerential equations, we demonstrate how the mind and body are two expressions of the (...)
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  38. The value of testimonial-based beliefs in the face of AI-generated quasi-testimony.Felipe Alejandro Álvarez Osorio & Ruth Marcela Espinosa Sarmiento - 2024 - Aufklärung 11 (Especial):25-38.
    The value of testimony as a source of knowledge has been a subject of epistemological debates. The "trust theory of testimony" suggests that human testimony is based on an affective relationship supported by social norms. However, the advent of generative artificial intelligence challenges our understanding of genuine testimony. The concept of "quasi-testimony" seeks to characterize utterances produced by non-human entities that mimic testimony but lack certain fundamental attributes. This article analyzes these issues in depth, exploring philosophical perspectives on testimony and (...)
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  39. Concept Revision, Concept Application and the Role of Intuitions in Gettier Cases.Krzysztof Sękowski - 2024 - Episteme 21 (3):901-919.
    The aim of the paper is to determine the role of intuitions in Gettier cases. Critics of the Method of Cases argue that arguments developed within this method contain a premise that is justified by its intuitiveness; they also argue that intuitions are unreliable sources of evidence. By contrast, Max Deutsch argues that this critique is unsound since intuitions do not serve as evidence for premises. In Gettier cases, an intuitive premise is justified by other arguments called G-Grounds. I propose (...)
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  40. Empiricism bad, knowledge good, understanding better?Nicholas Emmerson - forthcoming - Metascience.
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  41. Epistemology of Conversation: First essays.Waldomiro J. Silva-Filho (ed.) - 2024 - Cham: Springer.
    Conversation, dialogue, reasonable disagreement, and the acquisition of knowledge through the words of others, all of this has always been at the center of philosophers’ concerns since the emergence of philosophy in Ancient Greece. It is also important to recognize that in contemporary philosophy, marked by the linguistic turn, there is a wealth of intellectual production on ethical, psycho-linguistic, logical-linguistic, and pragmatic aspects of the conversation. Despite all this, this is the first collection of texts dedicated exclusively to the strictly (...)
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  42. Chinese Chat Room: AI hallucinations, epistemology and cognition.Kristina Šekrst - 2024 - Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 69 (1):365-381.
    The purpose of this paper is to show that understanding AI hallucination requires an interdisciplinary approach that combines insights from epistemology and cognitive science to address the nature of AI-generated knowledge, with a terminological worry that concepts we often use might carry unnecessary presuppositions. Along with terminological issues, it is demonstrated that AI systems, comparable to human cognition, are susceptible to errors in judgement and reasoning, and proposes that epistemological frameworks, such as reliabilism, can be similarly applied to enhance the (...)
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  43. Attention and Practical Knowledge.Hao Tang - 2023 - Journal of Human Cognition 7 (2):19-29.
    Practical knowledge, in the sense made famous by G. E. M. Anscombe, is “the knowledge that a man has of his intentional actions”. This knowledge is very ordinary, but philosophically it is not easy to understand. One illuminating approach is to see practical knowledge as a kind of self-knowledge or self-consciousness. I offer an enrichment of this approach, by (1) exploiting Gilbert Ryle’s discussion of heeding (that is, paying attention), in particular paying attention to one’s own intentional action, and (2) (...)
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  44. Does God Know What It's Like to Get High?Rob Lovering - 2024 - In The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Psychoactive Drug Use. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 75-90.
    In this chapter, Rob Lovering provides some possible answers to the question of whether God—understood as an omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent, spiritual, personal deity who created the universe—knows what it’s like to undergo a positive, psychoactive, drug-induced experience; or, as he puts it for short, whether God knows what it’s like to get high. For either God knows what it’s like to get high or he does not and, in any case, interesting metaphysical, epistemological, and value theoretical questions arise. Lovering concludes (...)
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  45. Foundations for Knowledge-Based Decision Theories.Zeev Goldschmidt - 2024 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 102 (4):939-958.
    Several philosophers have proposed Knowledge-Based Decision Theories (KDTs)—theories that require agents to maximize expected utility as yielded by utility and probability functions that depend on the agent’s knowledge. Proponents of KDTs argue that such theories are motivated by Knowledge-Reasons norms that require agents to act only on reasons that they know. However, no formal derivation of KDTs from Knowledge-Reasons norms has been suggested, and it is not clear how such norms justify the particular ways in which KDTs relate knowledge and (...)
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  46. Defining Knowledge: Bridging Epistemology and Large Language Models.Constanza Fierro, Ruchira Dhar, Filippos Stamatiou, Anders Søgaard & Nicolas Garneau - 2024 - Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing 2024.
    Knowledge claims are abundant in the literature on large language models (LLMs); but can we say that GPT-4 truly "knows" the Earth is round? To address this question, we review standard definitions of knowledge in epistemology and we formalize interpretations applicable to LLMs. In doing so, we identify inconsistencies and gaps in how current NLP research conceptualizes knowledge with respect to epistemological frameworks. Additionally, we conduct a survey of 100 professional philosophers and computer scientists to compare their preferences in knowledge (...)
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  47. The Indefensibility of the Scientific Concept of Probability.A. Braynen - manuscript
    Whereas many philosophers accept the validity of 'probability' and confine themselves to interpreting it, this paper challenges its conceptual coherence by critically examining its use in the empirical world. While measure theory provides a rigorous mathematical framework for manipulating probability functions, we argue that applying precise probability measures to empirically uncertain outcomes introduces a fundamental contradiction. Probability measures claim to quantify uncertainty while simultaneously implying a degree of understanding about events that we do not fully possess. This inconsistency undermines the (...)
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  48. In Defense of an Account of Degrees of Epistemic Responsibility.Kazi A. S. M. Nurul Huda - 2023 - Philosophy and Progress 73 (1-2):95-112.
    This article explores the concept of degrees of epistemic responsibility by examining the debate between Michael Bishop and Katherine Puddifoot on the internalist perspective on epistemic responsibility. While Bishop’s empirical evidence challenges internalism, Puddifoot argues it can be supportive. The author presents an account of degrees of epistemic responsibility, drawing inspiration from Martin Montminy’s idea of moral responsibility. The central argument suggests that an agent is epistemically responsible only if her reasoning strategy aligns with her epistemic abilities, a concept referred (...)
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  49. Internal Camouflage of External Reasons.Morteza Shahram - manuscript
    In a convoluted and a frail sense there might be external reasons. One cannot just precipitate an external reason on demand. Their emergence is feasible only via a posteriori rationalization---effectively the effects of future mental events. This paper attempts to specify pre-conditions for an (internal) reason for action in the past to transform into an external reason later. Most fundamentally one must not know something about one's reason at the time of action .
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  50. Wissen und Dummheit.Andrej Poleev - 2024 - Enzymes 22.
    Was ist Wissen von morgen im Vergleich mit Wissen von heute? Die geschichtliche Erfahrung zeigt diesen Übergang als ein Prozess der Weiterentwicklung der Sprache, weil menschliches Wissen an die Sprache gekoppelt ist, und seine Inhalte zu begreifen nur in sprachlichen Formen möglich ist. Während alte Sprachen vergehen, entstehen neue Sprachen: in diesem Prozess der Erneuerung von sprachlichen Formen wird das Wissen gesammelt, geklärt, und weitergegeben, und das geschieht durch Auswahl der Worte, deren Gebrauchswert ständig geprüft wird.
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