Philosophy of Computing and Information > Philosophy of Information > Logic and Information

Logic and Information

Edited by Simon D'Alfonso
About this topic
Summary

The relationship between logic and information is an intimate one that goes both ways. Firstly, information has played a role in providing a basis for certain accounts of logic. At a basic level there is the interpretation that good logic arguments are just those arguments where the information in the conclusion is already contained in the premises of that argument. Furthermore, notions of information have been used to good effect in developing semantics for certain logics, particularly relevant logic. Secondly, logics of information have provided formal accounts of various information phenomena, such as logics of being informed.
Key works Jakko Hintikka has been one of the pioneers in investigating the relationship between logic and information, looking at measures of semantic information for contingent propositions and information measures for tautologies/deductive inferences. His Hintikka 1970 contains papers on the topic. Devlin 1991, Barwise & Seligman 1997 and Israel & Perry unknown represent an important collection of works that provide general accounts of information flow based on situation semantics/theory. Mares 1996 and Restall 1996 are attempts to provide an informational semantics for relevant logic.
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166 found
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1 — 50 / 166
  1. added 2018-11-04
    SNOMED CT Standard Ontology Based on the Ontology for General Medical Science.Shaker El-Sappagh, Francesco Franda, Ali Farman & Kyung-Sup Kwak - 2018 - BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 76 (18):1-19.
    Background: Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT, hereafter abbreviated SCT) is acomprehensive medical terminology used for standardizing the storage, retrieval, and exchange of electronic healthdata. Some efforts have been made to capture the contents of SCT as Web Ontology Language (OWL), but theseefforts have been hampered by the size and complexity of SCT. Method: Our proposal here is to develop an upper-level ontology and to use it as the basis for defining the termsin SCT in a way that will (...)
  2. added 2018-09-13
    Complexity of Judgment Aggregation.Ulle Endriss, Umberto Grandi & Daniele Porello - 2012 - Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 45:481--514.
    We analyse the computational complexity of three problems in judgment aggregation: (1) computing a collective judgment from a profile of individual judgments (the winner determination problem); (2) deciding whether a given agent can influence the outcome of a judgment aggregation procedure in her favour by reporting insincere judgments (the strategic manipulation problem); and (3) deciding whether a given judgment aggregation scenario is guaranteed to result in a logically consistent outcome, independently from what the judgments supplied by the individuals are (the (...)
  3. added 2018-09-06
    Interfaces: Explorations in Logic, Language and Computation.T. Icard & R. Muskens (eds.) - 2010 - Springer Berlin.
    The European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI) takes place every year, each time at a different location in Europe. With its focus on the large interdisciplinary area where linguistics, logic and computation converge, it has become very popular since it started in 1989, attracting large crowds of students. ESSLLI is where everyone in the field meets, teaches, takes courses, gives talks, dances all night, and generally has a good time. One of the enjoyable features of the School (...)
  4. added 2018-09-06
    Program Semantics and Classical Logic.Reinhard Muskens - 1997) - In CLAUS Report Nr 86. Saarbrücken: University of the Saarland. pp. 1-27.
    In the tradition of Denotational Semantics one usually lets program constructs take their denotations in reflexive domains, i.e. in domains where self-application is possible. For the bulk of programming constructs, however, working with reflexive domains is an unnecessary complication. In this paper we shall use the domains of ordinary classical type logic to provide the semantics of a simple programming language containing choice and recursion. We prove that the rule of {\em Scott Induction\/} holds in this new setting, prove soundness (...)
  5. added 2018-08-19
    Knowability Relative to Information.Peter Hawke & Franz Berto - forthcoming - Mind.
    We present a formal semantics for epistemic logic, capturing the notion of knowability relative to information (KRI). Like Dretske, we move from the platitude that what an agent can know depends on her (empirical) information. We treat operators of the form K_AB (‘B is knowable on the basis of information A’) as variably strict quantifiers over worlds with a topic- or aboutness- preservation constraint. Variable strictness models the non-monotonicity of knowledge acquisition while allowing knowledge to be intrinsically stable. Aboutness-preservation models (...)
  6. added 2018-07-31
    From Coincidence to Purposeful Flow? Properties of Transcendental Information Cascades.Markus Luczak-Roesch, Ramine Tinati, Max van Kleek & Nigel Shadbolt - 2015 - In International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) 2015.
    In this paper, we investigate a method for constructing cascades of information co-occurrence, which is suitable to trace emergent structures in information in scenarios where rich contextual features are unavailable. Our method relies only on the temporal order of content-sharing activities, and intrinsic properties of the shared content itself. We apply this method to analyse information dissemination patterns across the active online citizen science project Planet Hunters, a part of the Zooniverse platform. Our results lend insight into both structural and (...)
  7. added 2018-07-30
    When Resources Collide: Towards a Theory of Coincidence in Information Spaces.Markus Luczak-Roesch, Ramine Tinati & Nigel Shadbolt - 2015 - In WWW '15 Companion Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web. Florence, Metropolitan City of Florence, Italy: pp. 1137-1142.
    This paper is an attempt to lay out foundations for a general theory of coincidence in information spaces such as the World Wide Web, expanding on existing work on bursty structures in document streams and information cascades. We elaborate on the hypothesis that every resource that is published in an information space, enters a temporary interaction with another resource once a unique explicit or implicit reference between the two is found. This thought is motivated by Erwin Shroedingers notion of entanglement (...)
  8. added 2018-04-18
    Computational Logic. Vol. 1: Classical Deductive Computing with Classical Logic.Luis M. Augusto - 2018 - London: College Publications.
    This is the first of a two-volume work combining two fundamental components of contemporary computing into classical deductive computing, a powerful form of computation, highly adequate for programming and automated theorem proving, which, in turn, have fundamental applications in areas of high complexity and/or high security such as mathematical proof, software specification and verification, and expert systems. Deductive computation is concerned with truth-preservation: This is the essence of the satisfiability problem, or SAT, the central computational problem in computability and complexity (...)
  9. added 2018-03-22
    Meaning and Interpretation. II.Urszula Wybraniec-Skardowska - 2007 - Studia Logica 85 (2):261-274.
    The paper enriches the conceptual apparatus of the theory of meaning and denotation that was presented in Part I (Section 3). This part concentrates on the notion of interpretation, which is defined as an equivalence class of the relation possessing the same manner of interpreting types. In this part, some relations between meaning and interpretation, as well as one between denotation an interpretational denotation are established. In the theory of meaning and interpretation, the notion of language communication has been formally (...)
  10. added 2018-03-12
    Exploring Randomness.Panu Raatikainen - 2001 - Notices of the AMS 48 (9):992-6.
    Review of "Exploring Randomness" (200) and "The Unknowable" (1999) by Gregory Chaitin.
  11. added 2018-02-17
    The Enduring Scandal of Deduction.Marcello D'Agostino & Luciano Floridi - 2009 - Synthese 167 (2):271-315.
    Deductive inference is usually regarded as being “tautological” or “analytical”: the information conveyed by the conclusion is contained in the information conveyed by the premises. This idea, however, clashes with the undecidability of first-order logic and with the (likely) intractability of Boolean logic. In this article, we address the problem both from the semantic and the proof-theoretical point of view. We propose a hierarchy of propositional logics that are all tractable (i.e. decidable in polynomial time), although by means of growing (...)
  12. added 2017-12-06
    Informação, conhecimento e modelos.Marcos Antonio Alves, Daniel Martínez-Ávila & Maria Cláudia Cabrini Gracio (eds.) - 2017 - Campinas-Marília/Brasil: Coleção CLE-Unicamp/Cultura Acadêmica-UNESP.
    We are in the information age. Nowadays, the information is a high power commodity. Your domain and handling have high economic, political, social value. However, we still know little about it. What is the information? How do we store it, retrieve it and manipulate it? Everyone have or should have equal access to information? What is the relationship between information and knowledge? How can both influence and be influenced by the action? Can they are modeled? The models can contribute to (...)
  13. added 2017-12-06
    A Quantitative-Informational Approach to Logical Consequence.Marcos Antonio Alves & Ítala M. Loffredo D'Otaviano - 2015 - In Jean-Yves Beziau (ed.), The Road to Universal Logic (Studies in Universal Logic). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 105-24.
    In this work, we propose a definition of logical consequence based on the relation between the quantity of information present in a particular set of formulae and a particular formula. As a starting point, we use Shannon‟s quantitative notion of information, founded on the concepts of logarithmic function and probability value. We first consider some of the basic elements of an axiomatic probability theory, and then construct a probabilistic semantics for languages of classical propositional logic. We define the quantity of (...)
  14. added 2017-11-17
    Introduction: Formal Approaches to Multi-Agent Systems: Special Issue of Best Papers of FAMAS 2007.B. Dunin-Keplicz & R. Verbrugge - 2013 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 21 (3):309-310.
    Over the last decade, multi-agent systems have come to form one of the key tech- nologies for software development. The Formal Approaches to Multi-Agent Systems (FAMAS) workshop series brings together researchers from the fields of logic, theoreti- cal computer science and multi-agent systems in order to discuss formal techniques for specifying and verifying multi-agent systems. FAMAS addresses the issues of logics for multi-agent systems, formal methods for verification, for example model check- ing, and formal approaches to cooperation, multi-agent planning, communication, (...)
  15. added 2017-11-17
    Introduction: Formal Approaches to Multi-Agent Systems: Special Issue of Best Papers of FAMAS 2009.B. Dunin-Keplicz & R. Verbrugge - 2013 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 21 (3):404-406.
    This special issue of the Logic Journal of the IGPL includes revised and updated versions of the best work presented at the fourth edition of the workshop Formal Ap- proaches to Multi-Agent Systems, FAMAS'09, which took place in Turin, Italy, from 7 to 11 September, 2009, under the umbrella of the Multi-Agent Logics, Languages, and Organisations Federated Workshops (MALLOW). -/- Just like its predecessor, research reported in this FAMAS 2009 special issue is very much inspired by practical concerns. This time (...)
  16. added 2017-11-15
    Searching for Logic.Adam Morton - manuscript
    An introductory logic textbook where the central concept is not deduction but search and logical form. (Deduction - logical consequence - drops out as a special case. TIt is meant for a class-based rather than a lecture-based course, and for students with general interests.
  17. added 2017-10-28
    On An Error In Grove's Proof.Koji Tanaka & Graham Priest - 1997 - Logique Et Analyse 158:215-217.
    Nearly a decade has past since Grove gave a semantics for the AGM postulates. The semantics, called sphere semantics, provided a new perspective of the area of study, and has been widely used in the context of theory or belief change. However, the soundness proof that Grove gives in his paper contains an error. In this note, we will point this out and give two ways of repairing it.
  18. added 2017-09-18
    A Constructionist Philosophy of Logic.Patrick Allo - 2017 - Minds and Machines 27 (3):545-564.
    This paper develops and refines the suggestion that logical systems are conceptual artefacts that are the outcome of a design-process by exploring how a constructionist epistemology and meta-philosophy can be integrated within the philosophy of logic.
  19. added 2017-09-18
    Hard and Soft Logical Information.Allo Patrick - 2017 - Journal of Logic and Computation:1-20.
    In this paper I use the distinction between hard and soft information from the dynamic epistemic logic tradition to extend prior work on informational conceptions of logic to include non-monotonic consequence-relations. In particular, I defend the claim that at least some non-monotonic logics can be understood on the basis of soft or “belief-like” logical information, and thereby question the orthodox view that all logical information is hard, “knowledge-like”, information.
  20. added 2017-09-18
    Preserving a Combat Commander’s Moral Agency: The Vincennes Incident as a Chinese Room.Patrick Chisan Hew - 2016 - Ethics and Information Technology 18 (3):227-235.
    We argue that a command and control system can undermine a commander’s moral agency if it causes him/her to process information in a purely syntactic manner, or if it precludes him/her from ascertaining the truth of that information. Our case is based on the resemblance between a commander’s circumstances and the protagonist in Searle’s Chinese Room, together with a careful reading of Aristotle’s notions of ‘compulsory’ and ‘ignorance’. We further substantiate our case by considering the Vincennes Incident, when the crew (...)
  21. added 2017-07-13
    Creating Reality.Bruce Bokor - manuscript
    Our commonsense notion of reality is supported by two critical assumptions for which we have little understanding: The conscious experience which underpins the observations integral to the scientific method and language, which is the method by which all theories, scientific or otherwise, are communicated. This book examines both of these matters in detail and arrives at a new theoretical foundation for understanding how nature undertakes the task of building the universe. -/- Creating Reality is a synthesis of Darwin’s The Origin (...)
  22. added 2017-02-17
    Visual Reasoning with Diagrams.Sun-Joo Shin & Amirouche Moktefi (eds.) - 2013 - Basel: Birkhaüser.
  23. added 2017-02-15
    6th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (Wollic'99).Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz & Walter Carnielli - 1999 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 5 (3):424-425.
  24. added 2017-02-15
    5th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (Wollic'98).Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz - 1999 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 5 (3):422-423.
  25. added 2017-02-15
    J. Van Eijck and A. Visser, Logic and Information Flow.C. Brink - 1997 - Journal of Logic Language and Information 6:337-338.
  26. added 2017-02-14
    19th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (Wollic 2012).Carlos Areces Luke Ong - 2013 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 19 (3):425-426,.
  27. added 2017-02-14
    11th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC'2004).Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz - 2005 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 11 (1):120-121.
  28. added 2017-02-14
    9th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC'2002).Rio de Janeiro & Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz - 2003 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 9 (1):121-122.
  29. added 2017-02-14
    7th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC'2000).Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz - 2001 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 7 (2):293-294.
  30. added 2017-02-14
    Program of the Workshop.A. Wronski & H. Wessel - 1996 - Logic and Logical Philosophy 3:44.
  31. added 2017-02-14
    3rd Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (Wollic'96).Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz - 1996 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 2 (3):374-374.
  32. added 2017-02-13
    9th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (Wollic'2002).Erich Grädel - 2003 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 9 (1):941-949.
  33. added 2017-02-13
    The Market Logic of Information.Philip E. Agre - 2000 - Knowledge, Technology & Policy 13 (3):67-77.
  34. added 2017-02-13
    Second Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC'95).Ruy Jgb de Queiroz & C. A. Alto - 1996 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 4 (2):309-344.
  35. added 2017-02-13
    3rd Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (Wollic'96).L. S. Baptista, A. Duran, T. Monteiro & A. G. de Oliveira - 1996 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 2 (3).
  36. added 2017-02-12
    17th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (Wollic 2010).Anuj Dawar, Mauricio Ayala-Rincon & Ruy de Queiroz - 2011 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 17 (3):480-481.
  37. added 2017-02-12
    16th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC 2009).Hans Tompits, Ken Satoh, Arnold Beckmann, Carlos Caleiro, Thomas Eiter, Sylvain Salvati, Taisuke Sato & Frank Wolter - 2010 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 16 (1):805-815.
  38. added 2017-02-12
    Logic, Language, Information and Computation.Ruy de Queiroz & Angus Macintyre - 2008 - Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 152 (1):1-2.
  39. added 2017-02-12
    Presentation: The Interdisciplinary Field of Logic, Language and Information.Angel Nepomuceno Fernández - 2003 - Theoria: Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia 18 (1):9-16.
  40. added 2017-02-11
    18th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (Wollic 2011).Lev Beklemishev, Ruy de Queiroz & Andre Scedrov - 2012 - Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 18 (1):152-153.
  41. added 2017-02-11
    Information Flow: The Logic of Distributed Systems by Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman.Keith Devlin - 1998 - Complexity 4 (2):30-32.
  42. added 2017-02-11
    Review: Eric M. Hammer, Logic and Visual Information. [REVIEW]Isabel Luengo - 1996 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 61 (4):1395-1396.
  43. added 2017-02-11
    Review: Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, The Logic Theory Machine. A Complex Information Processing System. [REVIEW]Andrzej Ehrenfeucht - 1957 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 22 (3):331-332.
  44. added 2017-02-07
    Logical Dynamics of Information and Evaluation.Johan Van Benthem - unknown
    SOCREAL 2010: 2nd International Workshop on Philosophy and Ethics of Social Reality. Sapporo, Japan, 2010-03-27/28. Keynote Lecture 1. Joining Information and Evaluation: a dynamic logical perspective.
  45. added 2017-02-02
    Presentation: The Interdisciplinary Field of Logic, Language and Information.Ángel Nepomuceno - 2003 - Theoria 18 (1):9-15.
  46. added 2017-02-01
    Some Combinatorics of Imperfect Information.Peter Cameron & Wilfrid Hodges - 2001 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 66 (2):673-684.
  47. added 2017-02-01
    Information Flow: The Logic of Distributed Systems, Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman. [REVIEW]Johan van Benthem & David Israel - 1999 - Journal of Logic, Language and Information 8 (3):390-397.
  48. added 2017-01-31
    Newell Allen and Simon Herbert A.. The Logic Theory Machine. A Complex Information Processing System. Institute of Radio Engineers, Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. IT-2 No. 3 , Pp. 61–79. [REVIEW]Andrzej Ehrenfeucht - 1957 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 22 (3):331-332.
  49. added 2017-01-29
    Incomplete Information: Structure, Inference, Complexity.Stéphane P. Demri & Ewa S. Orłowska - 2006 - Studia Logica 84 (3):469-475.
  50. added 2017-01-28
    Algorithmic Information Theory.Gregory J. Chaitin - 1989 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 54 (2):624-627.
1 — 50 / 166
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