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342 found
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  1. External Cause of the Universe.Dominik Filipp - manuscript
    The article explains how the primordial singularity can be understood as a cause having brought the Universe into empirical existence. It also addresses the nonempirical nature of such a cause.
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  2. The Impossibility of an Infinite Number of Elapsed Planck Times.James Goetz - manuscript
    This note briefly discusses the observation of elapsed time in a flat universe while exploring the argument of past-eternal time versus emergent time in cosmology. A flat universe with an incomplete past forever has a finite age. Despite an infinite number of Planck time coordinates independent of phenomena and endless expansion, a flat universe never develops an age with an infinite number of Planck times. This observation indicates the impossibility of infinitely elapsed time in the future or past, which limits (...)
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  3. A Philosophical Critique of Evolution as a Concept.Haulianlal Guite - manuscript
  4. The Aethereal Universe.Andrew Thomas Holster - manuscript
  5. Matters of Time Directionality in Classical and Quantum Physics.J. C. Lindner - manuscript
    This report offers a modern perspective on the question of time directionality as it arises in a classical and quantum-mechanical context, based on key developments in the field of gravitational physics. Important clarifications are achieved regarding, in particular, the concepts of time reversal, negative energy, and time-symmetric causality. From this analysis emerges an improved understanding of the general-relativistic concept of stress-energy of matter as being a manifestation of local variations in the energy density of zero-point vacuum fluctuations. Based on those (...)
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  6. On mathematical constructions of time and relativity.Varanasi Ramabrahmam - manuscript
    The mathematical constructions, physical structure and manifestations of physical time are reviewed. The nature of insight and mathematics used to understand and deal with physical time associated with classical, quantum and cosmic processes is contemplated together with a comprehensive understanding of classical time. Scalar time (explicit time or quantitative time), vector time (implicit time or qualitative time), biological time, time of and in conscious awareness are discussed. The mathematical understanding of time in special and general theories of relativity is critically (...)
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  7. Cosmological Tests of Gravity.Nicolae Sfetcu - manuscript
    The current cosmological models are built based on general relativity. The solutions of the specific equations, Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker, allow to model the evolution of the universe starting from the Big Bang. Some of the parameters of the universe have been established by observations. Based on these, and other observational data, the models can be tested. Predictions include the initial abundance of chemical elements formed in a period of nucleosynthesis during the Big Bang period, the subsequent structure of the universe, cosmic background (...)
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  8. Teste gravitaționale cosmologice.Nicolae Sfetcu - manuscript
    Modelele cosmologice actuale sunt construite pe baza relativității generale. Soluțiile ecuațiilor specifice, Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker permit modelarea evoluției universului pornind de la Big Bang. O parte din parametrii universului au fost stabiliți prin observații. Pe baza acestora, și altor date observaționale, se pot testa modelele. Predicțiile includ abundența inițială de elemente chimice formate într-o perioadă de nucleosinteză în perioada Big Bang, structura ulterioară a universului, radiația cosmică de fond, etc. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22204.59525.
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  9. What Can We Learn from Stringy Black Holes?Nick Huggett - 2018
    This paper aims to address conceptual issues concerning black holes in the context of string theory, with the aim of illuminating the ontological unification of gravity and matter, and the interpretation of cosmological models. §1 describes the central concepts of the theory: the fungibility of matter and geometry, and the reduction of gravity and supergravity. The ‘standard’ interpretation presented draws on that implicit in the thinking of many (but not all) string theorists, though made more explicit and systematic than usual. (...)
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  10. Cosmovisões e Realidades: a filosofia de cada um. (3rd edition).Roberto Arruda (ed.) - 2023 - São Paulo: Terra à Vista.
    Não é pensando que criamos mundos. É compreendendo o mundo que aprendemos a pensar. Cosmovisão é um termo que deve significar um conjunto de fundamentos dos quais emerge uma compreensão sistêmica do Universo, seus componentes como a vida, o mundo em que vivemos, a natureza, o fenômeno humano e suas relações. Trata-se, portanto, de um campo da filosofia analítica alimentado pelas ciências, cujo objetivo é esse conhecimento agregado e epistemologicamente sustentável sobre tudo o que somos e contemos, que nos cerca (...)
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  11. Environmental legacies of the Copernican universe.Jean-Marie Kauth - 2023 - Lanham: Lexington.
    This book re-envisions the cosmos with the holistic, spherical imagination of the Middle Ages, figured in circles, cycles, epicycles, equants, and offers a new perspective on the power of images and metaphors to shape the way humans see the universe and their own role in it.
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  12. Russkiĭ kosmizm: N.F. Fedorov, K.Ė. T︠S︡iolkovskiĭ, V.I. Vernadskiĭ, A.L. Chizhevskiĭ.A. G. Gacheva, B. I. Pruzhinin & T. G. Shchedrina (eds.) - 2022 - Moskva: ROSSPĖN.
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  13. Overlapping heavens in the wall paintings of Mogao Cave 285 at Dunhuang : an art-historical study of the syncretistic images on its west wall and ceiling.Satomi Hiyama - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  14. Buddhist cosmology in Bhutanese murals : a visual negotiation between Abhidharma and Kālacakra systems.Eric Huntington - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  15. Geometrizing Chinese astronomy? The view from a diagram in the Kashf al-ḥaqāʼiq by al-Nīsābūrī.Yoichi Isahaya - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  16. From heaven to earth : circles and the construction of the imperial order in late Ming and early Qing China.Catherine Jami - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  17. Greek astral sciences in China.Bill M. Mak - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
  18. Introduction.Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping cosmologies in Asia: transcultural and interdisciplinary approaches. Brill.
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  19. Overlapping cosmologies in Asia: transcultural and interdisciplinary approaches.Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.) - 2022 - Boston: Brill.
    The history of cosmology is often understood in terms of the development of modern science, but Asian cosmological thought and practice touched on many aspects of life, including mathematics, astronomy, politics, philosophy, religion, and art. Because of the deep pervasion of cosmology in culture, many opportunities arose for transmissions of cosmological ideas across borders and innovations of knowledge and application in new contexts. Taking a wider view, one finds that cosmological ideas traveled widely and intermingled freely, being frequently reinterpreted by (...)
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  20. Introduction.Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  21. The Buddhist universe in early modern Japan : cosmological dispute and the epistemology of vision.D. Max Moerman - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  22. Eclipse dragons, seasonal change, and the salvation of light : a case of overlapping cosmologies in Manichaeism.Adrian C. Pirtea - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  23. Deciphering Aristotle with Chinese medical cosmology : Nanban Unkiron and the reception of Jesuit cosmology in early modern Japan.Hiraoka Ryuji - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  24. The influence of Assyriology on the study of Chinese astronomy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.John Steele - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  25. Physics rewritten.Gabriel Vacariu - 2022 - Dissertation, University of Bucharest
    Physics Overwritten in a new perspective: “Epistemologically Different Worlds” (Einsteins’ relativities without “spacetime”, quantum me-chanics, pre-Big Bang, Big Bangs and “inflation”, dark mat-ter and dark energy, the superstring theory, and Bohr’s com-plementarity) -/- .
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  26. Chinese-Muslims as agents of astral knowledge in late imperial China.Dror Weil - 2022 - In Bill M. Mak & Eric Huntington (eds.), Overlapping Cosmologies in Asia: Transcultural and Interdisciplinary Approaches. Brill.
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  27. Platonism and Christianity in late ancient cosmology: God, soul, matter.Johannes Zachhuber & Ana Schiavoni-Palanciuc (eds.) - 2022 - Boston: Brill.
    Cosmology was central to many intellectual currents in late antiquity. Inspired by classical texts, notably Plato's Timaeus and Aristotle's Physics, thinkers of the period pondered questions about the world's origin and its physical constitution. This volume, with contributions from an interdisciplinary group of scholars, illustrates the range and diversity of these reflections. Fascination for cosmology connected Plato and Proclus with Origen and Gregory of Nyssa. For readers interested in ancient philosophy, early Christian theology, and the history of science, this volume (...)
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  28. Are infinite explanations self-explanatory?Alexandre Billon - 2021 - Erkenntnis 88 (5):1935-1954.
    Consider an infinite series whose items are each explained by their immediate successor. Does such an infinite explanation explain the whole series or does it leave something to be explained? Hume arguably claimed that it does fully explain the whole series. Leibniz, however, designed a very telling objection against this claim, an objection involving an infinite series of book copies. In this paper, I argue that the Humean claim can, in certain cases, be saved from the Leibnizian “infinite book copies” (...)
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  29. Problems with the cosmological constant problem.Adam Koberinski - 2021 - In Christian Wüthrich, Baptiste Le Bihan & Nick Huggett (eds.), Philosophy Beyond Spacetime. Oxford University Press.
    The cosmological constant problem is widely viewed as an important barrier and hint to merging quantum field theory and general relativity. It is a barrier insofar as it remains unsolved, and a solution may hint at a fuller theory of quantum gravity. I critically examine the arguments used to pose the cosmological constant problem, and find many of the steps poorly justified. In particular, there is little reason to accept an absolute zero point energy scale in quantum field theory, and (...)
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  30. La question cosmologique: Platon, Lemaître et l'origine de l'Univers.Lendja Ngnemzué & Ange Bergson - 2021 - Paris: L'Harmattan.
    Le démiurge de Platon et l'atome primitif de Lemaître sont deux intuitions inédites, artifices théoriques d'astronomie anti-observationnelle. La genèse de ces artifices remonte à la thématisation présocratique de l'unité cosmique. Platon institutionnalise les Formes intelligibles et platonise les présocratiques. Lemaître, contemporain d'Einstein, est tributaire d'une unité cosmique marquée par la gravitation relativiste, qui disqualifie le système classique ayant, en son temps, déclassé les substances et le mouvement aristotéliciens. La théorisation montre comment Platon fait du démiurge le concept axial de son (...)
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  31. Top-Down Causation Without Levels.Jan Voosholz - 2021 - In Jan Voosholz & Markus Gabriel (eds.), Top-Down Causation and Emergence. Cham: Springer Verlag. pp. 269-296.
    The paper addresses a question concerning George Ellis’s theory of top-down causation by considering a challenge to the “level-picture of nature” which he employs as a foundational element in his theory. According to the level-picture, nature is ordered by distinct and finitely many levels, each characterised by its own types of entities, relations, laws and principles of behavior, and causal relations to their respective neighbouring top- and bottom-level. The branching hierarchy that results from this picture enables Ellis to build his (...)
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  32. O Ponto Ómega de Teilhard de Chardin. Do Contraponto com o Átomo Primitivo de Georges Lemaître à Projeção em Teorias Cosmológicas (Teilhard de Chardin’s Omega Point. From the Counterpoint with the Primitive Atom by Georges Lemaître to Projection in Cosmological Theories).João Barbosa - 2020 - Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 76 (4):1743-1760.
    This article focuses on the Omega Point, an essential concept in Teilhard de Chardin’s evolutionary metaphysics. In certain passages about the Omega Point, Teilhard mentions the primeval atom hypothesis, a theory about the beginning of the universe proposed by Georges Lemaître, another contemporary Jesuit priest who was also a scientist. Although Teilhard and Lemaître are essentially evolutionists, besides being Jesuit priests, their evolutionary metaphysics and their philosophies of science are radically divergent, and two important differences are presented here – about (...)
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  33. Why Boltzmann Brains Are Bad.Sean M. Carroll - 2020 - In Shamik Dasgupta, Brad Weslake & Ravit Dotan (eds.), Current Controversies in Philosophy of Science. Routledge. pp. 7-20.
    Some modern cosmological models predict the appearance of Boltzmann Brains: observers who randomly fluctuate out of a thermal bath rather than naturally evolving from a low-entropy Big Bang. A theory in which most observers are of the Boltzmann Brain type is generally thought to be unacceptable, although opinions differ. I argue that such theories are indeed unacceptable: the real problem is with fluctuations into observers who are locally identical to ordinary observers, and their existence cannot be swept under the rug (...)
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  34. Ptolemy’s Philosophy: Mathematics as a Way of Life. By Jacqueline Feke. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018. Pp. xi + 234. [REVIEW]Nicholas Danne - 2020 - Metaphilosophy 51 (1):151-155.
  35. Observations, Simulations, and Reasoning in Astrophysics.Melissa Jacquart - 2020 - Philosophy of Science 87 (5):1209-1220.
    Astrophysics faces methodological challenges as a result of being a predominantly observation-based science without access to traditional experiments. In light of these challenges, astrophysicists frequently rely on computer simulations. Using collisional ring galaxies as a case study, I argue that computer simulations play three roles in reasoning in astrophysics: (1) hypothesis testing, (2) exploring possibility space, and (3) amplifying observations.
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  36. Philosophical dogmatism inhibiting the anti-Copernican interpretation of the Michelson Morley experiment.Spyridon Kakos - 2020 - Harmonia Philosophica 1.
    From the beginning of time, humans believed they were the center of the universe. Such important beings could be nowhere else than at the very epicenter of existence, with all the other things revolving around them. Was this an arrogant position? Only time will tell. What is certain is that as some people were so certain of their significance, aeons later some other people became too confident in their unimportance. In such a context, the Earth quickly lost its privileged position (...)
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  37. Stability in Cosmology, from Einstein to Inflation.C. D. McCoy - 2020 - In Claus Beisbart, Tilman Sauer & Christian Wüthrich (eds.), Thinking About Space and Time. Cham: Birkhäuser. pp. 71-89.
    I investigate the role of stability in cosmology through two episodes from the recent history of cosmology: Einstein’s static universe and Eddington’s demonstration of its instability, and the flatness problem of the hot big bang model and its claimed solution by inflationary theory. These episodes illustrate differing reactions to instability in cosmological models, both positive ones and negative ones. To provide some context to these reactions, I also situate them in relation to perspectives on stability from dynamical systems theory and (...)
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  38. A Theory of Evolution as a Process of Unfolding.Agustin Ostachuk - 2020 - Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 16 (1):347-379.
    In this work I propose a theory of evolution as a process of unfolding. This theory is based on four logically concatenated principles. The principle of evolutionary order establishes that the more complex cannot be generated from the simpler. The principle of origin establishes that there must be a maximum complexity that originates the others by logical deduction. Finally, the principle of unfolding and the principle of actualization guarantee the development of the evolutionary process from the simplest to the most (...)
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  39. The Unfolding of a New Vision of Life, Cosmos and Evolution.Agustin Ostachuk - 2020 - Ludus Vitalis 28 (53):81-83.
    Has science already answered the fundamental questions about the concepts of Life, Cosmos and Evolution? Has science not relegated these fundamental questions by following up on more immediate, “useful” and practical endeavors that ultimately ensure that the wheel of capitalism keeps spinning in its frantic search for material and economic progress? There is something terribly wrong with the current theory of evolution, understood as the Darwinian theory with its successive versions and extensions. The concept of natural selection, the cornerstone of (...)
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  40. Am Abgrund des Nichts und des Gotteswesens. Über das Problem einer angemessen fundierten Erklärung der Schöpfung und des Ursprungs des Universums.Luka Perušić - 2020 - In Damir Smiljanić (ed.), Gotteshinterfragungen. Philosophische Beiträge zur Religionskritik. Aschaffenburg, Germany: pp. 243-293.
    Die zentralen Fragestellungen bezüglich der wahren Beschaffenheit des Universums betreffen Folgendes: seinen Ursprung, seine Entstehung, die Existenz und Kontingenz seiner Gesetze, seine Intentionalität, Fassbarkeit, Transzendenz und die Anwendung erster Grundsätze, die diesen Phänomenen zugrunde liegen. Häufig sind die entsprechenden Untersuchungen jedoch belastet von (1) einer „semantischen Transmutation“ von Konzepten und Begriffen zwischen und innerhalb von drei allgemeinen Wissensfeldem - dem physikalischen, philosophischen und theologischen - sowie von (2) den Einschränkungen der anfänglichen Leitgedanken des Betrachters, die oft von skeptischen Annahmen geleitet (...)
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  41. On the Probability of Plenitude.Jeffrey Sanford Russell - 2020 - Journal of Philosophy 117 (5):267-292.
    I examine what the mathematical theory of random structures can teach us about the probability of Plenitude, a thesis closely related to David Lewis's modal realism. Given some natural assumptions, Plenitude is reasonably probable a priori, but in principle it can be (and plausibly it has been) empirically disconfirmed—not by any general qualitative evidence, but rather by our de re evidence.
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  42. Primal wisdom of the ancients: the cosmological plan for humanity.Laird Scranton - 2020 - Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions.
    Examines how the similarities of symbols and wisdom across many cultures point to an ancient civilizing plan and system of ancient instruction.
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  43. Der Kosmos als Vorbild und Lehrmeister: Studien über den Raum-Zeit-Diskurs in der römischen Lebenswelt.Marion Achenbach-Kosse - 2019 - Bern: Peter Lang Verlag.
    Während heute die meisten Menschen keinen Gedanken daran verschwenden, dass sich unser irdischer Wohnort mit mehr als 1000 km/h um die eigene Achse dreht, reichte das Wissen um dieses ständige Bewegtwerden bei den Römern bis in den Alltag: Für Vitruv ist das rotierende Weltall der Prototyp aller mechanischen Einrichtungen. In die römische Lebenswelt gelangte das Wissen über das Raum-Zeit-Modell der griechischen Astronomie, dem Platons Erkenntniseuphorie zu religiösem Charakter verholfen hatte, durch die paideia. Allerdings war der Prozess von der Wissensgewinnung bis (...)
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  44. Beyond Falsifiability: Normal Science in a Multiverse.Sean M. Carroll - 2019 - In Richard Dawid, Radin Dardashti & Karim Thebault (eds.), Epistemology of Fundamental Physics: Why Trust a Theory? Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Cosmological models that invoke a multiverse - a collection of unobservable regions of space where conditions are very different from the region around us - are controversial, on the grounds that unobservable phenomena shouldn't play a crucial role in legitimate scientific theories. I argue that the way we evaluate multiverse models is precisely the same as the way we evaluate any other models, on the basis of abduction, Bayesian inference, and empirical success. There is no scientifically respectable way to do (...)
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  45. Russkiĭ kosmizm v idei︠a︡kh i lit︠s︡akh.A. G. Gacheva - 2019 - Moskva: "Akademicheskiĭ proekt".
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  46. Cosmos in the Ancient World.Phillip Sidney Horky (ed.) - 2019 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    How did the ancient Greeks and Romans conceptualise order? This book answers that question by analysing the formative concept of kosmos in ancient literature, philosophy, science, art, and religion. This concept encouraged the Greeks and Romans to develop theories to explain core aspects of human life, including nature, beauty, society, politics, the individual, and what lies beyond human experience. Hence, Greek kosmos, and its Latin correlate mundus, are subjects of profound reflection by a wide range of important ancient figures, including (...)
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  47. Did the Universe Have a Chance?C. D. McCoy - 2019 - Philosophy of Science 86 (5):1262-1272.
    In a world awash in statistical patterns, should we conclude that the universe’s evolution or genesis is somehow subject to chance? I draw attention to alternatives that must be acknowledged if we are to have an adequate assessment of what chance the universe might have had.
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  48. Loving the Eternal Recurrence.Neil Sinhababu & Kuong Un Teng - 2019 - Journal of Nietzsche Studies 50 (1):106-124.
    We explore how one might respond emotionally to the eternal recurrence. Zarathustra himself serves as our central case study. First we clarify the idea of eternal recurrence and its role in Nietzsche’s philosophy, explaining why the eternal recurrence has the emotional consequences Nietzsche describes when he first introduces the idea in The Gay Science. Then we describe Zarathustra’s emotional journey from horror at the eternal recurrence to loving it, in the sections from “On Great Events” to “The Seven Seals, or: (...)
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  49. Wolpert, Chaitin and Wittgenstein on impossibility, incompleteness, the liar paradox, theism, the limits of computation, a non-quantum mechanical uncertainty principle and the universe as computer—the ultimate theorem in Turing Machine Theory (revised 2019).Michael Starks - 2019 - In Suicidal Utopian Delusions in the 21st Century -- Philosophy, Human Nature and the Collapse of Civilization -- Articles and Reviews 2006-2019 4th Edition Michael Starks. Las Vegas, NV USA: Reality Press. pp. 294-299.
    I have read many recent discussions of the limits of computation and the universe as computer, hoping to find some comments on the amazing work of polymath physicist and decision theorist David Wolpert but have not found a single citation and so I present this very brief summary. Wolpert proved some stunning impossibility or incompleteness theorems (1992 to 2008-see arxiv dot org) on the limits to inference (computation) that are so general they are independent of the device doing the computation, (...)
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  50. General Relativity eliminates Dark Energy, Dark Matter and Universal Expansion.Rodney Bartlett - 2018
    This letter was rejected by International Knowledge Press because "we are unable to conclude that these findings would warrant publication in this journal." The letter is suggesting that dark energy, dark matter and universal expansion are intimately related. However, they aren't viewed as revolutions in cosmology which are essential to a complete understanding of the modern universe. They are instead viewed as properties which need to be added to the cosmos when Einstein's theory of gravity (General Relativity) is apparently still (...)
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