Plato

Edited by Hugh Benson (University of Oklahoma)
Assistant editor: Mark Hallap (University of Toronto, St. George Campus)
About this topic
Summary Plato (ca. 427-347 B.C.E.) was an Athenian philosopher who is widely recognized among the most important philosophers of the Western world.  Plato can be plausibly credited with the invention of philosophy as we understand it today – the rational, rigorous, and systematic study of fundamental questions concerning ethics, politics, psychology, theology, epistemology, and metaphysics.  He wrote primarily in dialogue form.  Among his most influential views are a commitment to the distinction between changeless, eternal forms and changeable, observable ordinary objects, the immortality of the soul, the distinction between knowledge and true belief and the view that knowledge is in some way recollection, that philosophers should be rulers and rulers philosophers, and that justice is in some way welcomed for its own sake.  He was a follower of Socrates, significantly influenced Aristotle, the Stoics, the Academic skeptics, Plotinus, among others, and founded the Academy, perhaps the first institution of higher learning in the west.
Key works Among the most well-known of Plato’s works (26 generally acknowledged dialogues and 13 more doubtful letters) are the Apology, Crito, Euthyphro, Protagoras, Gorgias, Meno, Phaedo, Republic, Symposium, Theaetetus, and Timaeus.  The standard English translations of the complete works can be found in Cooper 1997.
Introductions A good place to start studying Plato in general is the entry in Stanford Encyclopedia, Kraut 2008, Hare 1982, and Annas 2003.  Important collections of essays include Vlastos 1973, Kraut 1992, Fine 1999, Fine 1999, Fine 2008, and Benson 2006.
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Plato, Misc (829)
History/traditions: Plato

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  1. Eutifrone: [testo greco e traduzione italiana]. Plato - 1980 - Genova: Il Basilisco. Edited by Virginia Guazzoni-Foà & Glauco Berrettoni.
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  2. Idea to sekai.Norio Fujisawa - 1980
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  3. Manoscritti napoletani di Paolo Mattia Doria.Paolo Mattia Doria - 1900 - Galatina: Congedo. Edited by Marilena Marangio & Adele Spedicati.
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  4. Platon, ou, Le jeu philosophique.Marcel Deschoux - 1980 - Paris: Belles Lettres.
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  5. Von den Bedingungen gerechter Herrschaft: Studien zu Platon u. Aristoteles.Josef Derbolav - 1979 - Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
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  6. L'orizzonte platonico dell'estetica.Silvano Demarchi - 1980 - Abano Terme: Piovan.
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  7. Pʻŭllatʻo chʻŏrhak yŏnʼgu.Chae-hun Yi - 1981 - Sŏul: Tʻap Chʻulpʻansa.
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  8. Phronesis bei Platon.Heinz J. Schaefer - 1981 - Bochum: Studienverlag Brockmeyer.
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  9. Obras completas. Plato - 1980 - Caracas: Presidencia de la República de Venezuela. Edited by García Bacca & Juan David.
    1a pt. Socrática. t. 1. Cármides ; Lisis ; Eutifron ; Apología; Critón ; Fedón ; Menón -- t. 5. Eutidemo ; Gorgias -- t. 7-8. República.
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  10. Apologia de Sòcrates ; Critó ; Eutifró ; Protàgores. Plato - 1981 - Barcelona: Laia. Edited by José Vives.
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  11. Ho Platōnas stēn epochē mas: meletē.Hellē Pappa - 1981 - Athēna: Kedros.
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  12. La théorie platonicienne de la doxa.Yvon Lafrance - 1981 - Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
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  13. Das Problem des "Besten" in Platons Laches: Interpretation und Bibliographie.Peter Gardeya - 1981 - Würzburg: Königshausen + Neumann.
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  14. The Instant between Time and Eternity: Plato’s Revision of the Parmenidean Now in the Parmenides.Huaiyuan Zhang - 2023 - Review of Metaphysics 76 (3):425-446.
    Plato's view on time, a key aspect of his doctrine of forms, is influenced by his reception of Parmenides, but the way in which Plato takes up and modifies Parmenides' view is a matter of ongoing scholarly debate. In this article, the author analyzes Plato's revision of Parmenidean time by exploring four temporalities: the eternal present, timeless eternity, the enduring present, and the instant between time and eternity. Through this examination, she uncovers the common origin of both eternal present of (...)
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  15. Hesiodic Influence on Plato's Myth of the Cicadas.Marko Vitas - 2023 - Plato Journal 24:21-28.
    This paper argues that Hesiod's Myth of the Golden Race (Op. 109-126) influenced Plato's Myth of the Cicadas from the Phaedrus (258e-259d). Among other parallels, Hesiod's Golden Race and Plato's Cicadas have a similar diet and a similar rapport with the gods, they die in a similar way and enjoy similar benefits after death. The paper further argues that Plato used the inherent ambiguity of the Golden Age myths to draw attention to the ambiguity of the Cicadas themselves, who bring (...)
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  16. Myth, virtue and method in Plato’s Meno.Athanasia Giasoumi - 2023 - Plato Journal 24:7-19.
    This paper challenges the prevailing interpretations about the role and the function of recollection in Plato’s Meno, by suggesting that recollection is a cognitive process inaugurated by a myth. This process sets out the methodological and epistemological context within two transitions are feasible: On the one hand, the methodological transition from the elenchus to the method of hypothesis and, on the other hand, the cognitive upshift from opinions to knowledge. Furthermore, this paper argues that Socrates uses the myth of recollection (...)
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  17. Marren, Marina. Plato and Aristophanes. Comedy, Politics, and the Pursuit of a Just Life. Northwestern University Press, 2022. 136pp. $99.95 (hbk), ISBN 0810144190. [REVIEW]I. -Kai Jeng - 2023 - Plato Journal 24:89-92.
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  18. Mason Marshall, Reading Plato’s Dialogues to Enhance Learning and Inquiry: Exploring Socrates’ Use of Protreptic for Student Engagement. New York: Routledge.Laura Candiotto - 2023 - Plato Journal 24:63-65.
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  19. Julia Pfefferkorn, Antonino Spinelli [eds.], Platonic Mimesis Revisited, International Plato Studies 40, Academia, Baden Baden 2021, ISBN 978-3-89665-978-1. [REVIEW]Lorenzo Giovannetti - 2023 - Plato Journal 24:83-87.
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  20. Choosing and Desire in Plato's Republic 4.Richard Parry - 2023 - Plato Journal 24:29-44.
    Donald Davidson’s causal theory of action greatly influenced a dominant analytic interpretation of the argument, in Republic 4, for parts of the soul. According to Davidson, actions are caused by a combination of belief and desire (pro-attitude). In the interpretation inspired by this account, parts of the soul have distinctive beliefs and desires, which cause action; thus, parts are distinct agents. As well, the argument in Republic 4 is taken to show that, while reason desires the good, appetite is a (...)
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  21. Aproximación analítica al pensamiento platónico.Juan Vázquez - 1982 - [Santiago de Compostela]: Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Edited by Esperanza Guisán.
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  22. Cratilo, o, Del lenguaje. Plato & Vicente Bécares Botas - 1982 - Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. Edited by Vicente Bécares Botas.
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  23. Platon ve Platon sonrası.Fatma Paksüt - 1982 - [Ankara]: Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı.
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  24. El concepto de ciencia en el Teeteto.Ubaldo L. Mazzalomo - 1982 - San Juan, Republica Argentina: Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Facultad de Filosofía, Humanidades y Artes.
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  25. Platon, les mots et les mythes.Luc Brisson - 1982 - Paris: F. Maspero.
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  26. Plato`s fractal production machine, Neuroscience and Social Theory.Heitor Matallo Junior -
    The objective of this article is to offer an interpretation of the utopian society described in Plato's Republic from a simplified theory of fractals. Plato conceptualizes his Republic as a static society in terms of structure and its components, the people, as having a behavior that can be programmed as linear and not dynamic (LNDS). Based on this analogy, real social functioning (NLDS) is conceptualized, applying the concept of fractal and its corresponding fracton, as the force of attraction that acts (...)
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  27. Entscheidungsfreiheit bei Platon.Wolfgang Maria Zeitler - 1951 - München: C.H. Beck.
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  28. Aristotele e la crematistica: la storia di un problema e le sue fonti.Massimo Venturi Ferriolo - 1983 - Firenze: La nuova Italia.
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  29. Werke in acht Bänden. Plato - 1970 - Darmstadt,: Wissenschaftliche Buchges.. Edited by Gunther Eigler.
    --2. Bd. Des Sokrates Apologie. Kriton. Euthydemos. Menexenos. Gorgias. Menon. Bearb. von H. Hofmann.--3. Bd. Phaidon. Das Gastmahl. Kratylos. Bearb. von D. Kurz.--4. Bd. Politeia. Der Staat. Bearb. von D. Kurz.--5. Bd. Phaidros. Parmenides. Briefe. Bearb. von D. Kurz.--6. Bd. Theaitetos. Der Sophist. Der Staatsmann. Bearb. von P. Staudacher.--7. Bd. Timaios, Kritias. Philebos. Bearb. von K. Widdra.--8. Bd. Nomōn. Gesetze. Bearb. von K. Schöpsdau. 2 v.
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  30. Ho Platōn kai ho Sōkratēs.Grēgorios Katsareas - 1983 - Athēnai: Ekdoseis "Pēgēs".
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  31. Self-reference and type distinctions in Greek philosophy and mathematics.Ioannis M. Vandoulakis - forthcoming - In Jens Lemanski & Ingolf Max (eds.), History of Logic and its Modern Interpretation. College Publications.
    In this paper, we examine a fundamental problem that appears in Greek philosophy: the paradoxes of self-reference of the type of “Third Man” that appears first in Plato’s 'Parmenides', and is further discussed in Aristotle and the Peripatetic commentators and Proclus. We show that the various versions are analysed using different language, reflecting different understandings by Plato and the Platonists, such as Proclus, on the one hand, and the Peripatetics (Aristotle, Alexander, Eudemus), on the other hand. We show that the (...)
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  32. "Taiwa" wa itsu doko de de mo: Puraton kōgi.Ninzui Saitō - 1984 - Tōkyō: Asahi Shuppansha. Edited by Meisei Gotō.
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  33. Platon.V. S. Nersesi︠a︡nt︠s︡ - 1984 - Moskva: "I︠U︡rid. lit-ra".
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  34. Fikrat al-ulūhīyah ʻinda Aflāṭūn wa-atharuhā fī al-falsafah al-Islāmīyah wa-al-Gharbīyah.Muṣṭafá Ḥasan Nashshār - 1984 - Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār al-Tanwīr.
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  35. Platon.Dieter Lübke - 1984 - Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein.
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  36. Filosofii︠a︡ta na Platon.Grozi︠u︡ Grozev - 1984 - Sofii︠a︡: Izd-vo na Bŭlgarskata akademii︠a︡ na naukite.
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  37. Momenti e problemi di storia del platonismo.Samuel Scolnicov (ed.) - 1984 - Catania: Univerità di Catania.
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  38. La estructura del diálogo platónico.Pedro Bádenas de la Peña - 1984 - Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto "Antonio de Nebrija".
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  39. Platon und die Schriftlichkeit der Philosophie.Thomas Alexander Szlezák - 1985 - New York: W. de Gruyter.
    [T. 1] Interpretationen zu den frühen und mittleren Dialogen -- T. 2. Das Bild des Dialektikers in Platons späten Dialogen.
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  40. Kotoba no naka de no tankyū: Puraton o yomu.Sakae Shinozaki - 1985 - Tōkyō: Keisō Shobō.
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  41. Œuvres complètes. Plato - 1920 - Paris: Société d'édition "Les Belles Lettres".
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  42. Die Illusion der Gerechtigkeit: eine kritische Untersuchung der Sozialphilosophie Platons.Hans Kelsen - 1985 - Wien: Manz. Edited by Kurt Ringhofer & Robert Walter.
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  43. Filosofia, linguagem, arte.Arley R. Moreno & Celso F. Favaretto (eds.) - 1985 - São Paulo: EDUC.
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  44. al-Fikr al-Yūnānī--Aflāṭūn.Ḥusayn Ḥarb - 1985 - Bayrūt: Dār al-Fārābī.
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  45. Lessons on knowledge transmission from plato’s allegory of the cave: the influence of reason and companionship on transmissive and participatory pedagogies.Mark Debono - forthcoming - Ethics and Education.
    In this paper, I show the ambiguities in the interpretations of Martin Heidegger and Alain Badiou of Plato’s allegory of the cave as an enlightening educational experience. In Heidegger’s interpretation, knowledge appears as a rational process that corrects the thinking of others. By his claim of an education by truths, Badiou prioritises, again, the Platonic event of knowledge. To indicate the limit of the rational process in these two interpretations of education, I introduce Jan Masschelein’s claim that knowledge transmission in (...)
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  46. El mito como estructura formal en Platón.Emilia Ruiz Yamuza - 1986 - [Sevilla]: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla.
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  47. Lettere: testo greco a fronte. Plato - 1986 - Milano: Rizzoli. Edited by Piero Innocenti.
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  48. Dialogi. Plato - 1986 - Moskva: Izd-vo "Myslʹ". Edited by A. F. Losev.
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  49. Márgenes de Platón: la estructura dialéctica del diálogo y la idea de exterioridad.Patricio Peñalver Gómez - 1986 - Murcia: Secretariado de Publicaciones e Intercambio Científico, Universidad de Murcia.
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  50. Plato in England.John Glucker - 1987 - In Hermann Funke (ed.), Utopie und Tradition: Platons Lehre vom Staat in der Moderne. Königshausen + Neumann.
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