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  1. Did Schrödinger solve the mystery of life?S. McKee - 2024 - The Institute for Art and Ideas.
    From Aristotle to Darwin and Schrödinger to Marie Curie, understanding life has been a scientific and philosophical goal since humans were first able to conceptualise their subjectivity. Sam McKee argues that there is no point in searching for life in other worlds when we do not know what it is on our own planet. Many a debate today centres around a dispute over the definition of life, whether that be abortion politics, assisted suicide or evolutionary biology. McKee argues that we (...)
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  2. Degrees of Reality.Damian Aleksiev - 2024 - In Yannic Kappes, Asya Passinsky, Julio De Rizzo & Benjamin Schnieder (eds.), Facets of Reality — Contemporary Debates. Contributions of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society. Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society. pp. 20-30.
    This essay outlines a hierarchical framework of Reality that allows for degrees of Reality. I use Reality (with a capital “R”) to designate reality in a primitive, metaphysical sense. Reality, grounding, and essence are the key elements of the framework presented here. I assume that Reality must have a fundamental level and all fundamental phenomena must be Real. Moreover, I postulate that everything non-fundamental is ultimately grounded in the fundamental Real. But what about the Reality of the non-fundamental? I argue (...)
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  3. (1 other version)The Physics of Emergence (Second Edition) (2nd edition).Robert C. Bishop - 2024 - Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Press.
    It is not unusual among particle physicists to find the belief that elementary particles and forces determine everything in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, physiology all the way up to human behaviour. It is not just that physics underlies everything in the universe; it is the belief that everything in the universe reduces to the play of elementary particles under forces. Yet, there are other physicists who argue that this is an oversimplification of the relationship between physics and other domains. This (...)
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  4. From classical to quantum, from physics to philosophy: Benjamin H. Feintzeig: The classical-quantum correspondence. Cambridge Elements in the philosophy of physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022, 97 pp, $22 PB. [REVIEW]Eugene Y. S. Chua - 2023 - Metascience 33 (1):65-68.
  5. Two Forms of Functional Reductionism in Physics.Lorenzo Lorenzetti - 2024 - Synthese 203 (2).
    Functional reductionism characterises inter-theoretic reduction as the recovery of the upper-level behaviour described by the reduced theory in terms of the lower-level reducing theory. For instance, finding a statistical mechanical realiser that plays the functional role of thermodynamic entropy allows for establishing a reductive link between thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. This view constitutes a unique approach to reduction that enjoys a number of positive features, but has received limited attention in the philosophy of science. -/- This paper aims to clarify (...)
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  6. Pluralismo Ontológico.Axel Arturo Barcelo Aspeitia - 2023 - Enciclopedia de la Sociedad Española de Filosofía Analítica.
    a cuestión de si la realidad es homogénea o heterogénea es uno de los debates más antiguos de la filosofía occidental y se repite en prácticamente todas las tradiciones filosóficas del mundo. Hay tres motivaciones principales para adoptar una visión heterogénea de la realidad: para dar cuenta de errores categoriales, para resolver paradojas, y para respetar la aparente heterogeneidad de nuestra experiencia, pensamiento y lenguaje. A continuación, revisaremos cada una de ellas, para después ver los principales retos que enfrenta quién (...)
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  7. Fundamental Things: Theory and Applications of Grounding.Louis deRosset - 2023 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    The scientific successes of the last 400 years strongly suggest a view on which things are organized into layers, with phenomena in higher layers dependent on and determined by what goes on below. Philosophers have recently explored the idea that we can make sense of this idea by appeal to a relation called grounding. This book develops the rudiments of a theory of grounding, and applies that theory to questions of independent interest. The theorizing consists in saying in more detail (...)
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  8. Functionalising the wavefunction.Lorenzo Lorenzetti - 2022 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 96 (C):141-153.
    Functionalism is the view that being x is to play the role of x. This paper defends a functionalist account of three-dimensional entities in the context of Wave Function Realism (WFR), that can explain in detail how we can recover three-dimensional entities out of the wavefunction. In particular, the essay advocates for a novel version of WFR in terms of a functional reductionist approach in the style of David Lewis. This account entails reduction of the upper entities to the bottom (...)
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  9. Two Approaches to Reduction: A Case Study from Statistical Mechanics.Bixin Guo - forthcoming - Philosophy of Science:1-36.
    I argue that there are two distinct approaches to understanding reduction: the ontology-first approach and the theory-first approach. They concern the relation between ontological reduction and inter-theoretic reduction. Further, I argue for the significance of this distinction by demonstrating that either one or the other approach has been taken as an implicit assumption in, and has in fact shaped, our understanding of what statistical mechanics is. More specifically, I argue that the Boltzmannian framework of statistical mechanics assumes and relies on (...)
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  10. Metafisica dell'emergenza.Erica Onnis - 2021 - Turin: Rosenberg & Sellier.
    Negli ultimi anni, il richiamo al concetto di emergenza si è fatto sempre più diffuso in molte aree della filosofia e della scienza. Il termine viene usato per riferirsi alla circostanza in cui un sistema (fisico, chimico, biologico, ma anche sociale) manifesta delle proprietà e dei comportamenti che sembrano nuovi rispetto a quelli delle sue parti più semplici. Questo libro si propone di chiarire questo fenomeno, tenendo conto, da un lato, che le discipline coinvolte nel dibattito sono molte, quindi un (...)
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  11. Contingent Grounding.Nathaniel Baron-Schmitt - 2021 - Synthese 199 (1-2):4561-4580.
    A popular principle about grounding, “Internality”, says that if A grounds B, then necessarily, if A and B obtain, then A grounds B. I argue that Internality is false. Its falsity reveals a distinctive, new kind of explanation, which I call “ennobling”. Its falsity also entails that every previously proposed theory of what grounds grounding facts is false. I construct a new theory of what grounds grounding: the ennobling theory.
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  12. Introducción a la Ontología.Axel Barceló - manuscript
    Intuitivamente, la realidad está formada por entidades y hechos existentes y concretos. Sin embargo, nuestro lenguaje y pensamiento versa también sobre hechos meramente posibles, sobre cosas inexistentes y entidades abstractas. ¿Cómo es esto posible? ¿Significa ello que cuando hablamos y pensamos de estas otras cosas no hablamos de nada real? ¿o mas bien la realidad está mas poblada de lo que pensábamos y hay diferentes maneras de formar parte de la realidad además de la de existir de manera positiva y (...)
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  13. Emergence without limits: The case of phonons.Alexander Franklin & Eleanor Knox - 2018 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 64 (C):68-78.
    Recent discussions of emergence in physics have focussed on the use of limiting relations, and often particularly on singular or asymptotic limits. We discuss a putative example of emergence that does not fit into this narrative: the case of phonons. These quasi-particles have some claim to be emergent, not least because the way in which they relate to the underlying crystal is almost precisely analogous to the way in which quantum particles relate to the underlying quantum field theory. But there (...)
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  14. Two Concepts of Reduction.William G. Lycan - 1986 - Journal of Philosophy 83 (11):693-694.
  15. Reduction or Subtraction.Adam S. Miller - 2007 - Philosophy Today 51 (Supplement):23-32.
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  16. L’intentionnalité et Ie problème de la réduction de la psychologie.Alexandre Métraux - 1986 - Études Phénoménologiques 2 (4):75-95.
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  17. La réduction a l’épreuve de l’expérience.Natalie Depraz, Francisco J. Varela & Pierre Vermersch - 2000 - Études Phénoménologiques 16 (31-32):165-184.
  18. Ontological Reduction. [REVIEW]Harold Hodes - 1975 - Philosophical Review 84 (3):439.
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  19. The Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation. [REVIEW]Charles E. Caton - 1964 - Philosophical Review 73 (1):104-106.
  20. La force des dispositifs faibles : la politique de réduction des risques en matière de drogues.Jean-Yves Trépos - 2003 - Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie 1 (1):93-108.
    La conversion de la France à une politique de « réduction des risques » , est généralement interprétée comme l’indice d’un changement de paradigme en matière de toxicomanie. Il est néanmoins possible de la voir comme une forme de réagencement politique du monde des consommations de drogues, visant à définir de nouveaux seuils, les plus bas possibles, pour l’entrée dans des dispositifs de soin et de service. L’examen des visions du monde sur lesquelles reposent ces équipements politiques, en France comme (...)
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  21. (1 other version)Identity-Based Reduction and Reductive Explanation.Raphael van Riel - 2011 - Philosophia Naturalis 48 (1):185-221.
  22. Transcending the Emergence/Reduction Distinction: The Case of Biology.Rom Harré - 2005 - Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 56:1-2.
    The groups of problems that fall under the titles ‘reduction’ and ‘emergence’ appear at the boundaries of seemingly independent and well-established scientific disciplines, such as chemistry and biology, biology and psychology, biology and political theory, and so on. They arise in this way.
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  23. The reduction of MoO3at low temperatures. II.W. Thöni, P. L. Gai & P. B. Hirsch - 1977 - Philosophical Magazine 35 (3):781-786.
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  24. The reduction of MoO3at low temperatures.W. Thöni & P. B. Hirsch - 1976 - Philosophical Magazine 33 (4):639-662.
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  25. Crystallographic shear and ordered reduction of UO2.Hj Matzke & C. Ronchi - 1972 - Philosophical Magazine 26 (6):1395-1407.
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  26. Life Sciences Studies in the Philosophy of Biology: Reduction and Related Problems. Ed. by Francisco Jose Ayala and Theodosius Dobzhansky. London: Macmillan, 1972. Pp. xix + 390. £12.00. [REVIEW]Roger Smith - 1976 - British Journal for the History of Science 9 (3):333-334.
  27. Need-reduction, drive-reduction, and reinforcement: a neurophysiological view.Joseph Wolpe - 1950 - Psychological Review 57 (1):19-26.
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  28. (2 other versions)Levels: descriptive, explanatory, and ontological.Christian List - 2017
    Scientists and philosophers frequently speak about levels of description, levels of explanation, and ontological levels. This paper presents a framework for studying levels. I give a general definition of a system of levels and discuss several applications, some of which refer to descriptive or explanatory levels while others refer to ontological levels. I illustrate the usefulness of this framework by bringing it to bear on some familiar philosophical questions. Is there a hierarchy of levels, with a fundamental level at the (...)
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  29. Models of Reduction.Otávio Bueno - 2009 - Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology 13 (3):269-282.
    . In this paper, I examine three models of reduction. The first, and the most restrictive, is the model developed by Ernest Nagel as part of the logical empiricist program. The second, articulated by Jerry Fodor, is significantly broader, but it seems unable to make sense of a salient feature of scientific practice. The third, and the most lenient, model is developed within Newton da Costa and Steven French’s partial structures approach. I argue that the third model preserves the benefits (...)
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  30. The problem of reductionism from a system theoretical viewpoint.Walter von Lucadou & Klaus Kornwachs - 1983 - Zeitschrift Für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 14 (2):338-349.
    Inspite of the great success in many disciplines the program of reductionism has failed its genuine purpose. Systemtheory however has yielded a new concept of reductionism which we call reductionism by correspondence and which may imply a new understanding of the mind-body problem. The crucial operations of reductionism by correspondence are called idealization, interpretation and classification. They are used to optimize the description of a system. Nevertheless they lead to certain deficiencies which cannot be avoided in principle. We are therefore (...)
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  31. Physical composition.Richard Healey - 2013 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 44 (1):48-62.
    Atomistic metaphysics motivated an explanatory strategy which science has pursued with great success since the scientific revolution. By decomposing matter into its atomic and subatomic parts physics gave us powerful explanations and accurate predictions as well as providing a unifying framework for the rest of science. The success of the decompositional strategy has encouraged a widespread conviction that the physical world forms a compositional hierarchy that physics and other sciences are progressively articulating. But this conviction does not stand up to (...)
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  32. Asymptotic reasoning.M. Redhead - 2004 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 35 (3):527-530.
  33. (2 other versions)Reduction with Autonomy.Louise M. Antony & Joseph Levine - 1997 - Noûs 31 (S11):83-105.
  34. Complementarity cannot resolve the emergence–reduction debate: Reply to Harré.Olivier Massin - 2006 - Synthese 151 (3):511-517.
    Rom Harré thinks that the Emergence–Reduction debate, conceived as a vertical problem, is partly ill posed. Even if he doesn’t wholly reject the traditional definition of an emergent property as a property of a collection but not of its components, his point is that this definition doesn’t exhaust all the dimensions of emergence. According to Harré there is another kind (or dimension) of emergence, which we may call—somewhat paradoxically—“horizontal emergence”: two properties of a substance are horizontally emergent relative to each (...)
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  35. Definitions, Explanations and Theories.Michael Scriven - 1956 - In Herbert Feigl & Michael Scriven (eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science. , Vol. pp. 99 – 195.
  36. Theory Reduction in Physics: A Model-Based, Dynamical Systems Approach.Joshua Rosaler - unknown
    In 1973, Nickles identified two senses in which the term `reduction' is used to describe the relationship between physical theories: namely, the sense based on Nagel's seminal account of reduction in the sciences, and the sense that seeks to extract one physical theory as a mathematical limit of another. These two approaches have since been the focus of most literature on the subject, as evidenced by recent work of Batterman and Butterfield, among others. In this paper, I discuss a third (...)
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  37. An Ontic Account of Explanatory Reduction in Biology.Marie I. Kaiser - 2012 - Köln: Kölner Hochschulschriften.
    Convincing disputes about explanatory reductionism in the philosophy of biology require a clear and precise understanding of what a reductive explanation in biology is. The central aim of this book is to provide such an account by revealing the features that determine the reductive character of a biological explanation. Chapters I-IV provide the ground, on which I can then, in Chapter V, develop my own account of explanatory reduction in biology: Chapter I reveals the meta-philosophical assumptions that underlie my analysis (...)
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  38. When Is a Mechanistic Explanation Satisfactory? Reductionism and Antireductionism in the Context of Mechanistic Explanations.Tudor Băetu - 2015 - In Alexandru Manafu (ed.), The Prospects for Fusion Emergence. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, vol. 313: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, vol. 313.
  39. CHAPTER 4. Reduction, Reductive Explanation, and Closing the “Gap”.Jaegwon Kim - 2005 - In Physicalism, or Something Near Enough. Princeton University Press. pp. 93-120.
  40. Right-Making, Reference, and Reduction.Michael Byron - 2014 - Disputatio 6 (38):139-145.
    The causal theory of reference (CTR) provides a well-articulated and widely-accepted account of the reference relation. On CTR the reference of a term is fixed by whatever property causally regulates the competent use of that term. CTR poses a metaethical challenge to realists by demanding an account of the properties that regulate the competent use of normative predicates. CTR might pose a challenge to ethical theorists as well. Long argues that CTR entails the falsity of any normative ethical theory. First-order (...)
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  41. The Limits of Reductionism in Biology.Gregory Bock, Jamie Goode, Novartis Foundation & Symposium on the Limits of Reductionism in Biology - 1998 - Wiley.
    A comprehensive volume examining the fundamental questions raised by reductionists' theory about levels of explanation necessary to understand biological systems. The book evaluates the enormously powerful techniques of molecular biology, and analyzes precisely how molecular information has improved our understanding of fundamental biological processes.
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  42. Reduction in the Abstract Sciences.Daniel A. Bonevac - 1982 - Ridgeview Publishing Company.
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  43. Reductionism and Systems Theory in the Life Sciences: Some Problems and Perspectives.Paul Hoyningen-Huene & Franz M. Wuketits - 1989 - Springer.
    The present volume aims at giving a discussion ot the problems ot reductionism in contemporary life sciences. It contains six papers which deals with reduction/reductionism in different fields ot biological research. Also, the holistic perspective, 1. e. the systems view, is discussed in some ot the papers. The message ot this discussion Is that - whereas reductionism is indeed an important strategy - the systems approach is needed. It is argued by some ot the authors that organisms are complex systems (...)
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  44. Reinhardt Grossmann's "Ontological Reduction". [REVIEW]Eric B. Dayton - 1975 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 35 (4):582.
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  45. A Note On Hempel On the Logic of Reduction.F. Wilson - 1982 - International Logic Review 25:17.
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  46. Axiomatic Foundations of Rigid Body Mechanics.Ernest Wilcox Adams - 1956 - Dissertation, Stanford University
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  47. The Reduction of Theories.Philip Alan Ostien - 1972 - Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania
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  48. Reduction and Biology.Harmon Robert Holcomb - 1984 - Dissertation, The University of Wisconsin - Madison
    This study of inter-theoretic reduction and reductionism in biology explores problems logical empiricist approaches face in giving a meaning analysis of reduction, and three real issues in biology involving reductionism: teleology and evolution, levels of organization, and the reduction of Mendelian to molecular genetics. ;It is denied that there is an answer to the logical empiricist question, "What single correct reduction concept is universally and realistically applicable to all science?" The question is unsatisfactory. First, it presupposes that philosophy of science (...)
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  49. Multifetal pregnancy reduction.Md Steven Ralston - 2011 - Lahey Clinic Medical Ethics Journal 18 (3):1-7.
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  50. Against Biological Reductionism.Martin Barker - 1980 - Radical Philosophy 25:42.
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