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Science, Logic, and Mathematics
  1. Review of: "Zeno and Einstein".Alessio Gava - 2023 - Qeios.
    Review of: "Zeno and Einstein".
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  2. Problem-Feeding as a Model for Interdisciplinary Research.Henrik Thorén & Johannes Persson - 2022 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 36 (1):39-59.
    1. Sometimes problems are encountered in a discipline that cannot be adequately solved within that discipline. For example, when climate scientists run models of the climate system to project chang...
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  3. Ernest Nagel's Model of Reduction and Theory Change.Bohang Chen - 2023 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 36 (1):19-37.
    1. The American logical empiricist Ernest Nagel's model of reduction has often acted as a start-point for philosophical discussions on reduction and reductionism. Regarding Nagel's model, however,...
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  4. A new low: Reassessing (and revising) the local recurrency theory of consciousness.Benjamin Kozuch - forthcoming - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
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  5. Minimal abductive solutions with explicit justification.Rodrigo Medina-Vega, Francisco Hernández-Quiroz & Fernando R. Velázquez-Quesada - 2021 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 29 (4):483-502.
    Abductive problems and their solutions are presented by means of justification logic. We introduce additional meta-constructions in order to generate and compare different solutions to the same abductive problem. Our approach has three advantages: (i) it makes structurally explicit the solution to an abductive problem (as it has a syntactic nature); (ii) it gives a precise meaning to the notion of evidence; (iii) it provides clear definitions and procedures for the comparison of solutions that can be adapted to different needs.
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  6. A Contextualist Solution to the Demarcation Problem.Olivier Sartenaer - forthcoming - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie:1-19.
    In this paper, after presenting three challenges that any knowledge-based demarcation between science and non-science should meet, namely, the skeptical, triviality, and mimicry challenges, I show how a recent contender in epistemology, viz., presuppositional epistemic contextualism, allows these challenges to be met, hence pointing toward a novel solution to the perennial demarcation problem. Conceiving of scientific knowledge from the vantage point of contextualism forces us to consider science as being first and foremost a distinctive epistemological context, which has the peculiarity (...)
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  7. A Logical Theory for Conditional Weak Ontic Necessity Based on Context Update.Fengkui Ju - forthcoming - Journal of Logic, Language and Information:1-31.
    Weak ontic necessity is the ontic necessity expressed by “should/ought to” in English. An example of it is “I should be dead by now”. A feature of this necessity is that whether it holds at the present world is irrelevant to whether its prejacent holds at the present world. In this paper, by combining premise semantics and update semantics for conditionals, we present a logical theory for conditional weak ontic necessity based on context update. A context is a set of (...)
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  8. Problema soizmerimosti nauki i folosofii, ili, Misterii︠a︡ zhizni, smerti i voskreshenii︠i︡a v poznanii.I. D. Akopi︠a︡n - 2001 - Erevan: Izd-vo informat︠s︡ionnogo t︠s︡entra "Noi︠a︡n Tapan ,".
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  9. Governing ignorance through abduction.Lorenzo Magnani - 2021 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 29 (4):409-424.
    I will analyse three fundamental ways of governing ignorance though abduction, which are essential from an eco-cognitive and eco-logical point of view, in which the central role in human cognition of natural and artefactual environment is taken into account. First of all, according to the so-called GW-schema, proposed by Gabbay and Woods, abduction presents an ignorance-preserving or (ignorance-mitigating) character: given the fact that the abduced hypotheses aim at becoming truths, the basic ignorance is neither solved nor left untouched. Second, I (...)
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  10. Can Dispositions Replace Laws in the Description of the Physical World?Joanna Luc - forthcoming - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie:1-30.
    In this paper, it is argued that, contrary to some suggestions in the philosophical literature, dispositions cannot replace laws in the description of the physical world. If for a certain type of physical situation a well-working law-based account is available, then it is not possible to describe that situation equally well in terms of dispositions. Using an example consisting of four laws (Coulomb’s law, Newton’s law of gravitation, the rule for the composition of forces and Newton’s second law), it is (...)
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  11. In Search for Optimal Methods: New Insights About Meta-Induction.Gerhard Schurz - 2023 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 54 (3):491-522.
    In this paper, the contributions to the account of meta-induction (Schurz 2019) collected in this volume are critically discussed and thereby, new insights are developed. How broad and expandable the program of meta-induction is can be learned from Ortner’s contribution. New insights about the transition from the a priori justification of meta-induction to the a posteriori justification of object-induction emerge from the reflection of Shogenji’s paper. How meta-induction may be applied also to religious prophecies and that their meta-inductive justification does (...)
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  12. Introduction to the Special Issue.Paul Thorn & Stathis Psillos - 2023 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 54 (3):375-378.
    This is the introduction to the special issue “The Meta-Inductive Approach to Hume’s Problem”. The introduction includes introductory remarks and brief comments on each of the papers appearing in the special issue.
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  13. The Implications of the No-Free-Lunch Theorems for Meta-induction.David H. Wolpert - 2023 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 54 (3):421-432.
    The important recent book by Schurz ( 2019 ) appreciates that the no-free-lunch theorems (NFL) have major implications for the problem of (meta) induction. Here I review the NFL theorems, emphasizing that they do not only concern the case where there is a uniform prior—they prove that there are “as many priors” (loosely speaking) for which any induction algorithm _A_ out-generalizes some induction algorithm _B_ as vice-versa. Importantly though, in addition to the NFL theorems, there are many _free lunch_ theorems. (...)
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  14. A Twofold Tension in Schurz’s Meta-Inductive Solution to Hume’s Problem of Induction.Tomoji Shogenji - 2023 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 54 (3):379-392.
    This paper examines a twofold tension in Gerhard Schurz’s (2019) recent proposal to solve Hume’s problem of induction. Schurz concedes to the skeptic that there is no non-circular epistemic justification of the reliability of induction, but then argues for the optimality of meta-induction so that if any prediction method is reliable, then meta-induction is. There is a tension in this proposal between meta-induction and our inductive practice: Are we supposed to abandon our inductive practice in favor of meta-induction? Schurz claims (...)
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  15. Does Meta-induction Justify Induction: Or Maybe Something Else?J. Brian Pitts - 2023 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 54 (3):393-419.
    According to the Feigl–Reichenbach–Salmon–Schurz pragmatic justification of induction, no predictive method is guaranteed or even likely to work for predicting the future; but if anything will work, induction will work—at least when induction is employed at the meta-level of predictive methods in light of their track records. One entertains a priori all manner of esoteric prediction methods, and is said to arrive a posteriori at the conclusion, based on the actual past, that object-level induction is optimal. Schurz’s refinements largely solve (...)
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  16. On Schurz’s Construction Paradigm of Scientific Theory Development.Atocha Aliseda - 2022 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 54 (3):473-490.
    The aim of this paper is to show that the logical approach to philosophy of science could be further improved with tools like the ones put forward by Schurz in his proposal to model scientific theory development. Section 2 is a presentation of the basics in AGM epistemology of logical abduction and of their connection. In Sect. 3 several operations for theory change proposed by Schurz (2011; 2018) are presented, followed by my own proposal of a further case of hypothesis (...)
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  17. Adaptive Algorithms for Meta-Induction.Ronald Ortner - 2023 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 54 (3):433-450.
    Work in online learning traditionally considered induction-friendly (e.g. stochastic with a fixed distribution) and induction-hostile (adversarial) settings separately. While algorithms like Exp3 that have been developed for the adversarial setting are applicable to the stochastic setting as well, the guarantees that can be obtained are usually worse than those that are available for algorithms that are specifically designed for stochastic settings. Only recently, there is an increasing interest in algorithms that give (near-)optimal guarantees with respect to the underlying setting, even (...)
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  18. Solving problems with an Aha! increases risk preference.Yuhua Yu, Carola Salvi, Maxi Becker & Mark Beeman - forthcoming - Thinking and Reasoning.
    When solving a problem with insight, people suddenly become aware of the solution (Mayer, 1995). Insight is often accompanied by a feeling of pleasure and certainty, known as an “Aha! moment” (Gick...
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  19. Reinvigorating the Nineteenth Century Scientific Method: A Peirce-pective on Science.Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen & Majid D. Beni - 2023 - Perspectives on Science 31 (5):684-715.
    This paper proposes to recover the topic of the philosophy of scientific method from its late nineteenth-century roots. The subject matter of scientific method sprouted from key inferential ingredients identified by Charles Peirce. In this paper, the historical path is traversed from the viewpoint of contemporary Cognitive Structural Realism (CSR). Peirce’s semiotic theory of methods and practices of scientific inquiry prefigured CSR’s reliance on embodied informational structures and experimentation upon forms of relations that model generic scientific domains. Three results are (...)
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  20. Dealing with Molecular Complexity. Atomistic Computer Simulations and Scientific Explanation.Julie Schweer & Marcus Elstner - 2023 - Perspectives on Science 31 (5):594-626.
    Explanation is commonly considered one of the central goals of science. Although computer simulations have become an important tool in many scientific areas, various philosophical concerns indicate that their explanatory power requires further scrutiny. We examine a case study in which atomistic simulations have been used to examine the factors responsible for the transport selectivity of certain channel proteins located at cell membranes. By elucidating how precisely atomistic simulations helped scientists draw inferences about the molecular system under investigation, we respond (...)
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  21. Methodological and Cognitive Biases in Science: Issues for Current Research and Ways to Counteract Them.Manuela Fernández Pinto - 2023 - Perspectives on Science 31 (5):535-554.
    Arguments discrediting the value-free ideal of science have left us with the question of how to distinguish desirable values from biases that compromise the reliability of research. In this paper, I argue for a characterization of cognitive biases as deviations of thought processes that systematically lead scientists to the wrong conclusions. In particular, cognitive biases could help us understand a crucial issue in science today: how systematic error is introduced in research outcomes, even when research is evaluated as of good (...)
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  22. Introduction to this Volume (Engaging Putnam, De Gruyter).Sanjit Chakraborty (ed.) - 2022 - Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
    Hilary Putnam was one of the truly great philosophers of the twentieth century. In a memorial essay I published elsewhere, I wrote: Leading philosophy towards constant dynamic expeditions and holding on to an incredible style of self-critique, Hilary Putnam (1926–2016), over five decades, has been in the process of making laudable contributions to philosophy and philosophy of science by being a beacon to a series of philosophical generations. He was a profound scholar full of wisdom, morality, and love of humanity, (...)
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  23. Correction to: Science and policy in extremis: the UK’s initial response to COVID‑19.Jonathan Birch - 2023 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 13 (3):1-1.
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  24. Approaching Truth by Resolving Questions.Jakob Süskind - forthcoming - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
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  25. Explaining individual differences.Zina B. Ward - 2023 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 101 (C):61-70.
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  26. Silence as a Cognitive Tool to Comprehend the Environment.Alger Sans Pinillos - forthcoming - Foundations of Science:1-27.
    This article presents silence as a cognitive tool to comprehend the environment. Two dimensions of silence are addressed: a natural mechanism and human beings' social and cultural construction. There is a link between these two dimensions because, on the one hand, agents' cognitive strategies based on silence influence how meanings and uses of silence have been constructed. The meanings of silence we use are contextual shapers of silence-based cognitive strategies. Silence is analyzed as a resource for coping with ambiguity: situations (...)
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  27. How do networks explain? A neo-hempelian approach to network explanations of the ecology of the microbiome.José Díez & Javier Suárez - 2023 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 13 (3):1-26.
    Despite the importance of network analysis in biological practice, dominant models of scientific explanation do not account satisfactorily for how this family of explanations gain their explanatory power in every specific application. This insufficiency is particularly salient in the study of the ecology of the microbiome. Drawing on Coyte et al. (2015) study of the ecology of the microbiome, Deulofeu et al. (2021) argue that these explanations are neither mechanistic, nor purely mathematical, yet they are substantially empirical. Building on their (...)
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  28. Where do we Stand in the Historiography of Small Disciplines in Nazi Germany? The Case of Indology.Moritz Epple, Maria Framke, Eli Franco, Horst Junginger & Baijayanti Roy - forthcoming - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin:1-11.
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  29. Einleitung: Indologie und „Ariertum“: Wissen über Indien in NS-Deutschland – Eine Einladung zur neuen Forschung.Moritz Epple, Maria Framke, Eli Franco, Horst Junginger & Baijayanti Roy - forthcoming - NTM Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Wissenschaften, Technik und Medizin:1-13.
    ZusammenfassungDie Einleitung zu unserem Themenheft bietet einen kurzen Überblick über bisherige historische Literatur zum Wissen über Indien im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland und skizziert drei verschiedene, aber miteinander verbundene Schichten solchen Kenntnissen: Disziplinäre Kenntnisse der Indologie als akademisches Fachgebiet, Wissen, das den Bedürfnissen staatlicher Stellen gerecht wird, und Allgemeinwissen (und Überzeugungen) über Indien.
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  30. Uniform probability in cosmology.Sylvia Wenmackers - 2023 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 101 (C):48-60.
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  31. Wait, Why Gauge?Sébastien Rivat - forthcoming - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.
    Philosophers of physics have spent much effort unpacking the structure of gauge theories. But surprisingly, little attention has been devoted to the question of why we should require our best theories to be locally gauge invariant in the first place. Drawing on Steven Weinberg's works in the mid-1960s, I argue that the principle of local gauge invariance follows from Lorentz invariance and other natural assumptions in the context of perturbative relativistic quantum field theory. On this view, gauge freedom is a (...)
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