About this topic
Summary The Stoic school of philosophy was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium c. 300 BCE. He was succeeded as head by Cleanthes and then Chrysippus, who is widely held to be the most important of the early Athenian Stoics. Later Hellenistic Stoics of note included Panaetius and Posidonius. The most important Stoics during the Roman period were Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius; also noteworthy are Musonius Rufus, Hierocles, and Cleomedes. The Stoics divided their philosophy into three parts: logic, physics, and ethics.
Key works All of the works of the early Stoics are lost. Our earliest extended accounts of Stoic philosophy are in the philosophical works of Cicero from the first century BCE. Another important source is the extended account in Book 7 of Diogenes Laertius' Lives and Opinions of the Philosophers. The fragments for the early Athenian Stoics are gathered together in von Arnim 1903-24. A good selection is translated in Inwood & Gerson 2008, which is based on their earlier selection in Inwood 1988. Another highly recommended selection is Long & Sedley 1987. The fragments for Posidonius are edited in Edelstein & Kidd 1972. The surviving works of the Roman Stoics Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius are widely available in a number of different editions and translations.
Introductions For a general introduction to Stoicism see Sellars 2006. The edited volume Inwood 2003 offers a fuller overview. Inwood 2005 brings out the philosophical importance of Seneca. For an introduction to Epictetus the best place to start is Long 2002. Marcus Aurelius is examined in Hadot et al 1998.
Related

Contents
3128 found
Order:
1 — 50 / 3128
Material to categorize
  1. Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.Marcus Aurelius - 1900 - New York,: D. Appleton and Company. Edited by George Long & John Lancaster Spalding.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  2. Les origines grecques du stoïcisme.Charles Huit - 1900 - Paris,: A. Fontemoing.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  3. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.Marcus Aurelius - 1908 - London: A. L. Humphreys. Edited by George Long.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  4. Epictetus and the New Testament.Douglas Simmonds Sharp - 1914 - London,: C. H. Kelly.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  5. Chrysippus, the dynamically true and modality.Stephen Connelly - forthcoming - .
    How can events in part of the Stoic cosmos be contingent, when all events are necessary? Why does Chrysippus hold that the impossible may flow from the possible, or that while it is possible Dion die, ‘this person be dead’ is impossible. This article constructs a naïve model of Stoic modality in which truth evaluations are grounded in spatial location and motion. This is shown to provide a best fit for the Stoic doctrine, generating the six events which Chrysippus groups (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  6. Mārkka Arēliyarin̲ Ātma cintan̲ai.Marcus Aurelius - 1946 - Kāraikkuṭi: Putumaip Patippakam. Edited by C. Rajagopalachari.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  7. Comprensión de la vida y aceptación de la muerte. La gestión estoica del duelo en las «Consolaciones» de Séneca.Omar Linares Huertas - 2024 - Pensamiento 79 (304):1025-1039.
    La filosofía posee un potencial terapéutico presente desde sus inicios griegos. De entre todas las escuelas helenísticas, podemos afirmar que la que más se preocupó por el malestar humano fue la estoica. El presente artículo analiza la gestión estoica del duelo presente en las Consolaciones de Séneca, exponiendo la operatividad terapéutica de su modelo, en tanto que metodología explicativo-experiencial de fines eudaimónicos o sapienciales.
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  8. Giving Gifts and Making Friends: Seneca’s De beneficiis on how to expand one’s sphere of ethical concern.Allison Piñeros Glasscock - 2023 - Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 62:261-292.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  9. medo como marca da tirania no "De Clementia" de Sêneca.Taynam Santos Luz Bueno - 2024 - Perspectivas 8 (3):196-206.
    Procura-se apontar, neste texto, o papel do medo enquanto marcador da legitimidade do princeps. Isto é, a partir da leitura do De Clementia, pretende-se demonstrar que, para Sêneca, tão distinta quanto a virtude da clemência é para o bom governante, o medo é para o tirano. Se a clemência revela a natureza racional e pacífica do governante, de modo inverso, o aparecimento do medo no corpo político revela a natureza destemperada e violenta dos tiranos. Assim, alinhado com os ensinamentos estoicos, (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  10. Praecepta, decreta and happiness in Schopenhauer and Seneca: a short comparative study.George Felipe Bernardes Barbosa Borges - 2023 - Archai: Revista de Estudos Sobre as Origens Do Pensamento Ocidental 33:03328-03328.
    There is an important part in Schopenhauer's bibliography dedicated to reflections on a good life. Between 1826 and 1829, the German philosopher started to think about a eudemonology, an unfinished project, which relied on the rescue of the thought of ancient philosophers. In his discussions there is a great appreciation for Stoic thinking in order to produce a life as little unhappy as possible. Therefore, it seems relevant to revisit Schopenhauer's ideas and compare them with Seneca, who focused on the (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (3 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  11. Um café com Sêneca: um guia estoica para a arte do viver, de David Fideler.Aldo Dinucci - 2023 - Cadernos de Ética E Filosofia Política 42 (2):134-136.
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  12. The Viability of Feminist Stoicism: On the Compatibility of Stoic and Feminist Epistemology.Chelsea Bowden - 2024 - In Megan Elena Bowen, Mary Gilbert Hamil & Edith Gwendolyn Nally (eds.), Believing Ancient Women: Feminist Epistemologies for Greece and Rome. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 202-220.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  13. Meditations: the book of stoic wisdom.Marcus Aurelius - 2023 - New York: St. Martin's Essentials. Edited by Edwin Ginn & George Long.
    The timeless classic of Stoic philosophy. Written by Roman emperor and philosopher Marcus Aurelius, Meditations is a classic guidebook for those seeking to live a life of purpose, action, and integrity. This powerful text has guided statesmen, inspired philosophers, and challenged seekers for generations. Readers from every walk of life will find fresh, powerful insight in this essential masterpiece of Stoic thought. With reflections on every element of life-from duty and family to ambition and morality-Meditations offers a clear-eyed vision of (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  14. Rational Impressions and the Stoic Philosophy of Mind.Vanessa de Harven - 2018 - In John E. Sisko (ed.), Philosophy of mind in antiquity. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 215-35.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  15. Maqūlat al-shayʼ al-riwāqīyah wa-athruhā fī al-fikr al-Islāmī: al-uṣūl al-tārīkhīyah li-thubūt al-maʻdūm, ʻālam al-muthul wa-al-aʻyān al-thābitah.ʻAbd al-Ḥakīm ibn Yūsuf Khalīfī - 2022 - ʻAmmān, al-Urdun: Dār al-Rayāḥīn.
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  16. El estoicismo como filosofía de vida: su enseñanza y práctica.Julio Zarco Rodríguez - 2023 - [Madrid]: Editatum.
    El estoicismo es una de las filosofías de vida que más ha influenciado a la sociedad occidental desde su origen en la antigua Grecia. Esto se debe a su conocimiento de la naturaleza humana y su adaptación a ella, a su profundidad filosófica de base lógica y a su condición empírica y práctica. De hecho, podemos definir el estoicismo como la forma más potente y eficaz que se conoce de lo que hoy llamamos autoayuda, pues son innegables los beneficios que (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  17. Caminos hacia la actitud estoica: prácticas para una vida serena.Nacho Bañeras - 2023 - [Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona]: Editorial Siglantana.
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  18. Collected letters.Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Mark Tuitert, George Long, Hastings Crossley & Richard M. Gummere - 2024 - In Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Mark Tuitert, George Long, Hastings Crossley & Richard M. Gummere (eds.), The essential stoic: the most important writings from the masters of stoicism. St. Martin's Essentials.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  19. The golden sayings.Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Mark Tuitert, George Long, Hastings Crossley & Richard M. Gummere - 2024 - In Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Mark Tuitert, George Long, Hastings Crossley & Richard M. Gummere (eds.), The essential stoic: the most important writings from the masters of stoicism. St. Martin's Essentials.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  20. Meditations.Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Mark Tuitert, George Long, Hastings Crossley & Richard M. Gummere - 2024 - In Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Mark Tuitert, George Long, Hastings Crossley & Richard M. Gummere (eds.), The essential stoic: the most important writings from the masters of stoicism. St. Martin's Essentials.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  21. The essential stoic: the most important writings from the masters of stoicism.Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Mark Tuitert, George Long, Hastings Crossley & Richard M. Gummere (eds.) - 2024 - New York: St. Martin's Essentials.
    The essential writings from the three pillars of Stoicism. Bringing together the essential writings of the three most influential Stoic philosophers, The Essential Stoic is an accessible and instructive guide to living a better life through the teachings of Stoicism, and includes an insightful introduction from Mark Tuitert, Olympic speed skater and bestselling author of The Stoic Mindset. Distilling the wisdom of the three Stoic masters, this volume contains the three most widely-read volumes of Stoic philosophy in history. Readers will (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  22. Selections from Epictetus.Epictetus Epictetus - 1896 - Boston,: Ginn & company. Edited by George Long & Edwin Ginn.
    Excerpt from Selections From Epictetus This little volume, which contains about one-fifth of the whole of Epictetus, is de signed to bring together the most useful and striking passages in a form convenient for ready use. It cannot give all the best in so small com pass, but those who miss favorite passages must remember that it is difficult to choose where so much is good, and yet so large a portion must be rejected for want of space. The numbers (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  23. Sayings of Epictetus. Epictetus - 1904 - Boston: Priv. print. by N.H. Dole. Edited by T. W. Rolleston.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  24. Discourse of Epictetus. Epictetus - 1904 - New York and Boston,: H. M. Caldwell co..
    Excerpt from Discourses of Epictetus Thus we owe to an accident the existence of these "Discourses," which form one of the world's vital books. The "Manual" is a collection of aphorisms taken substantially from the larger work. Epictetus was not the founder of a new philosophy. Zeno, the originator of the Stoic system, was his master, and Zeno himself derived his fundamental principles from Antisthenes, the author of the cynic school and the friend of Socrates. The Greeks are the creators (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  25. The wrath of Medea:Philosophical affinity between Euripides and Seneca', 'La ira de Medea: Afinidad filosófica entre Eurípides y Séneca.Jesús Ojeda - unknown
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  26. Lucius Annaeus Seneca and Blaise Pascal on hope: an attempt at comparison.Tatyana Borisova & Володимир Капітон - 2003 - Sententiae 9 (2):150-165.
    The authors of the article analyze the phenomenon and symbol of hope in the philosophical views of Pascal and Seneca in terms of the invariance of the content against the background of social transformations. Through the distinction between hope-phenomenon and hope-symbol, the authors conclude that establishing a connection between the phenomenon of hope and the main categories of time makes it possible to trace the theological orientation in Pascal's views and Epicureanism in Seneca's teachings. The primary importance for Seneca of (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (2 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  27. The stoic philosophy.Gilbert Murray - 1915 - London,: Watts & co..
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  28. Ancient Philosophical Resources For Understanding and Dealing With Anger.Gregory Sadler - 2023 - Philosophical Practice 18 (3):3182-3192.
    Ancient philosophical schools developed and discussed perspectives and practices on the emotion of anger useful in contemporary philosophical practice with clients, groups, and organizations. This paper argues the case for incorporating these insights from four main philosophical schools (Platonist, Aristotelian, Epicurean, and Stoic) sets out eight practices drawn from these schools, and discusses how these insights can be used by philosophical practitioners with clients.
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  29. Soliloquios o reflexiones morales.Marcus Aurelius - 1963 - Montevideo,: Edited by Jacinto Díaz de Miranda.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  30. The Stoics on how vice and error make life worth living.Ada Bronowski - 2023 - In Therese Fuhrer & Janja Soldo (eds.), Fallibility and Fallibilism in Ancient Philosophy and Literature. De Gruyter. pp. 37-66.
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  31. Who’s afraid of Seneca? Conflict and pathos in the romantic-idealistic theory of tragedy.Giovanna Pinna - 2021 - Estetica 116 (Art and Knowledge in Classical G):151-168.
    This paper reconsiders the Idealistic aesthetics of tragedy from an unconventional point of view. It investigates the relationship between theory and dramatic canon by focusing on those works and authors that are excluded from the canon by the theoretical discourse. My aim is to show that Idealist philosophers and Romantic critics concur in constructing a unitary model of the tragic conflict that is partly defined through its contraposition to the ‘Senecan’ conception of tragedy as a representation of suffering and as (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  32. Matthew Duncombe, Ancient Relativity. Plato, Aristotle, Stoics, and Sceptics, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020, 293 p. [REVIEW]Nicolas Zaks - 2016 - Revue de Philosophie Ancienne 1:99-109.
    Cet article est consacré au problème du rapport entre l’entrelacement des genres (συμπλοκὴ τῶν εἰδῶν) et le logos dans le Sophiste. Après avoir brièvement présenté le problème, je discute, dans la première partie, différentes solutions proposées par les commentateurs. Je cherche à montrer qu’aucune de ces solutions n’est pleinement satisfaisante. Dans la deuxième partie, je propose une nouvelle solution au problème de la συμπλοκὴ τῶν εἰδῶν fondée sur une distinction entre deux types de logos, le logos dialectique et le logos (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (4 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  33. Were Neanderthals Rational? A Stoic Approach.Kai Whiting, Leonidas Konstantakos, Gregory Sadler & Christopher Gill - 2018 - Humanities 7 (39).
    This paper adopts the philosophical approach of Stoicism as the basis for re-examining the cognitive and ethical relationship between Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. Stoicism sets out a clear criterion for the special moral status of human beings, namely rationality. We explore to what extent Neanderthals were sufficiently rational to be considered “human”. Recent findings in the fields of palaeoanthropology and palaeogenetics show that Neanderthals possessed high-level cognitive abilities and produced viable offspring with anatomically modern humans. Our discussion offers insights for (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  34. "Conversations with myself": an interpretation.Marcus Aurelius - 1984 - [St. Louis, Missouri?: G.E. Kassabaum. Edited by George Edward Kassabaum.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  35. The Stoic tradition from antiquity to the early Middle Ages.Marcia Lillian Colish - 1985 - Leiden: E.J. Brill.
    Stoicism in classical Latin literature--2. Stoicism in Christian Latin thought through the sixth century.
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  36. Virtue Ethics and the Morality System.Matthieu Queloz & Marcel van Ackeren - 2023 - Topoi:1-12.
    Virtue ethics is frequently billed as a remedy to the problems of deontological and consequentialist ethics that Bernard Williams identified in his critique of “the morality system.” But how far can virtue ethics be relied upon to avoid these problems? What does Williams’s critique of the morality system mean for virtue ethics? To answer this question, we offer a more principled characterisation of the defining features of the morality system in terms of its organising ambition—to shelter life against luck. This (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download (5 more)  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  37. The will and its freedom : Epictetus and Simplicius an what is up to us.Christian Wildberg - 2014 - In P. Destrée (ed.), What is Up to Us? Studies on Agency and Responsibility in ancient Philosophy. Sankt Augustin: Academia Verlag.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  38. Middle Platonists on fate and human autonomy : a confrontation with the Stoics.Mauro Bonazzi - 2014 - In P. Destrée (ed.), What is Up to Us? Studies on Agency and Responsibility in ancient Philosophy. Sankt Augustin: Academia Verlag.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  39. Epictetus and the causal conception of moral responsibility and what is eph'hêmin.Ricardo Salles - 2014 - In P. Destrée (ed.), What is Up to Us? Studies on Agency and Responsibility in ancient Philosophy. Sankt Augustin: Academia Verlag.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  40. Sentences et fragments. Epictetus - 2014 - Paris: Éditions Manucius. Edited by Olivier D' Jeranian.
    Un recueil de citations et de courts textes du philosophe, complément de son Manuel exprimant les idées du stoïcisme impérial, notamment à travers les concepts de désir et de bonheur.
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  41. Sin esperanza y sin miedo: cínicos, estoicos, epicúreos.Leonor Silvestri - 2021 - Buenos Aires: Queen Ludd.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  42. Il determinismo degli stoici: alle origini di un'idea.Manuel Mazzetti - 2021 - Roma: Carocci editore.
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  43. Eighteenth-century Stoic poetics: Shaftesbury, Akenside, and the discipline of the imagination.Alexandra Bacalu - 2023 - Boston: Brill.
    Eighteenth-Century Stoic Poetics: Shaftesbury, Akenside, and the Discipline of the Imagination offers a fresh perspective on the eighteenth-century poetics of Lord Shaftesbury and Mark Akenside. This book traces the two authors' debt to Roman Stoic spiritual exercises and early modern conceptions of the care of the self, which informs their view of the poetic imagination as a bundle of techniques designed to manage impressions, cultivate right images in the mind and rectify judgement. Alexandra Bacalu traces the roots of this articulation (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  44. Selections from the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius.Marcus Aurelius - 1899 - New York,: The Century co.. Edited by Benjamin Eli Smith.
    This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  45. Helpful thoughts from the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.Marcus Aurelius - 1902 - Chicago,: A. C. McClurg & company. Edited by Walter Lee Brown.
    Discover the ancient wisdom of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, as collected and edited by Walter Lee Brown. These helpful thoughts and meditations offer timeless insight on how to live a virtuous and fulfilling life. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you (...)
    Remove from this list   Direct download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  46. Wisdom of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius.Marcus Aurelius - 1903 - Boston,: Priv. print. by N.H. Dole. Edited by Jeremy Collier & Nathan Haskell Dole.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  47. Roman Stoicism; being lectures on the history of the Stoic philosophy.Edward Vernon Arnold - 1911 - Cambridge,: The University Press.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  48. Theodizee bei Seneca.Hermann Steiner - 1914 - Erlangen,: Druck der Universitätsbuchdr. von E.T. Jacob.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  49. Raʻyonot Markus Avrelius.Marcus Aurelius - 1922 - Warszawa: Edited by Armand Kaminka.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  50. Epictetus: the Discourses as reported by Arrian, the Manual.. Epictetus - 1926 - New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
    Remove from this list  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
1 — 50 / 3128