Two-Dimensional Semantics
Edited by David Chalmers (New York University)
About this topic
Summary | Two-dimensional semantic theories postulate two "dimensions" of meaning or content, each understood in terms of possible worlds. The second dimension is typically depends on the external referents of expressions involved, while the first dimension captures the way that reference depends on the world. There are many different two-dimensional frameworks. David Kaplan develops a framework involving "character" and "content" to understand the meaning of indexicals and demonstratives. Robert Stalnaker develops a framework involving "diagonal propositions" and "propositions expressed" to understand assertion and its relation to context. David Chalmers and Frank Jackson develop frameworks involving "primary intensions" and "secondary intensions" (or "A-" and "C-intensions") to understand the relation between apriority and necessity and also to understand an internal Fregean dimension of content. |
Key works | The origins of 2D semantics lie in work on 2D modal logic by Kamp 1968 and Vlach 1973. Various 2D analyses of meaning and content are given by Kaplan 1989, Stalnaker 1978, Evans 1979, Davies & Humberstone 1980, Chalmers 1996, and Jackson 1998. Soames 2005 is a book-length critique of many different versions. Numerous papers are collected in García-Carpintero & Macià 2006. |
Introductions | Chalmers 2006 and Schroeter 2010 give overviews of various different two-dimensional semantic frameworks, along with their motivations and objections to them. |
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Related categories
Siblings:
- Conceptual Semantics (33)
- Event-Based Semantics (26)
- Fregean Theories of Meaning (466 | 109)
- Possible World Semantics (360)
- Justificationist Semantics (10)
- Relevance Theory (105)
- Russellian and Direct Reference Theories of Meaning (184 | 104)
- Situation Semantics (48)
- Truth-Conditional Theories (231)
- Truthmaker Semantics (36)
- Type-Theoretic Semantics (38)
- The Nature of Contents (1,201 | 227)
- Dynamic Semantics (167)
- Use-Conditional Semantics (0)
- Semantic Theories, Misc (128)
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Editorial team
General Editors:
David Bourget (Western Ontario) David Chalmers (ANU, NYU) Area Editors: David Bourget Gwen Bradford Berit Brogaard Margaret Cameron David Chalmers James Chase Rafael De Clercq Ezio Di Nucci Barry Hallen Hans Halvorson Jonathan Ichikawa Michelle Kosch Øystein Linnebo JeeLoo Liu Paul Livingston Brandon Look Manolo Martínez Matthew McGrath Michiru Nagatsu Susana Nuccetelli Giuseppe Primiero Jack Alan Reynolds Darrell P. Rowbottom Aleksandra Samonek Constantine Sandis Howard Sankey Jonathan Schaffer Thomas Senor Robin Smith Daniel Star Jussi Suikkanen Lynne Tirrell Aness Kim Webster Other editors Contact us Learn more about PhilPapers |