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Asian Philosophy > Chinese Philosophy > Chinese Neo-Confucianism > Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism > Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi
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| Summary | Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi 朱熹, 1130-1200) was the most influential Confucian since Confucius and Mencius, both because of his systematic philosophy and his political clout. Zhu Xi is standardly considered the “synthesizer of Song Neo-Confucianism,” and he was instrumental in establishing Confucian classics as the official documents for civic exams. His commentary and interpretation of the Confucian classics became the officially sanctioned orthodoxy. Zhu Xi is regarded as the founder of the school of principle (lixue 理學), as his main thesis is that nature is identical with principle. By “nature,” Zhu Xi means the essential traits of each particular thing. He advocated “the Investigation of things (gewu 格物), which to him means studying the principle within each material object and daily affair. Zhu Xi believes that one needs to investigate as many things as possible in order to extend the knowledge of Heavenly Principle. He also redefines “Taiji” as principle, and treats it as the origin of the Universe as well as the ontological foundation of all things. In addition, Zhu Xi also developed a sophisticated virtue ethics and moral epistemology. Zhu Xi’s philosophy is preserved in his numerous commentaries on ancient Confucian texts and his extensive discourses with students and correspondences with associates. In Chinese, his essays and correspondences, etc. have been compiled into a ten-book set of Collected Writings of Zhu Xi (Zhuzi wenji 朱子文集), and his discourses with students were recorded by numerous students and compiled into (several editions of) The Recorded Sayings of Zhu Xi (Zhuji yulu朱子語錄). The current popular version of his recorded sayings is a set of one-hundred-forty volumes Categorized Recorded Sayings of Zhu Xi (Zhuzi yulei 朱子語類). Since this collection includes Zhu Xi’s explanations of his ideas in the Q&A with students, and the content is organized thematically, it is the most valuable primary source for Zhu Xi scholars. The complete electronic text of this collection is available at **Zhongguo zhexueshu dianzihua jihua 中國哲學書電子化計劃** http://ctext.org/zhuzi-yulei/zh). Unfortunately, most of his works and discourses have not been translated into English. |
| Key works | Of primary sources in English, we have Chan 1967, Gardner 2003, Gardner 1990, etc., which translates a tiny portion of Zhu Xi’s copious work and remarks. There are many secondary sources in English, as among all neo-Confucians, Zhu Xi receives the most attention from contemporary scholars working in English. Chan 1989 and Chan 1986 represent earlier scholars’ researches on Zhu Xi, which are more or less from the intellectual historical approach. Kim 2000 is a well-researched book on Zhu Xi’s epistemology and his attitude toward natural science. Angle 2009 ((cited under Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism) is a monograph devoted to Zhu Xi’s and Wang Yangming’s moral philosophy. The book has received high praises from scholars in the field.
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| Introductions | Chan, Wing-tsit. Trans. Reflections on Things at Hand (compiled by Zhu Xi). New York: Columbia University Press, 1967. This work is a translation of Zhu Xi’s Reflections on Things at Hand (Jinsilu 近思錄), which is a compilation of important sayings of early Sung Neo-Confucians. Gardner, Daniel. Zhu Xi's Reading of the Analects: Canon, Commentary and the Classical Tradition (Asian Studies). New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. This is a translation of Zhu Xi’s commentary on the Analects, which is more than just a textual commentary but is imbued with Zhu’s philosophical insights. Gardner, Daniel. Learning to Be A Sage: Selections from the Conversations of Master Chu, Arranged Topically. CA: University of California Press, 1990. This book provides selected translation of Zhu’s recorded sayings. Chan, Wing-tsit. Zhu Xi: New Studies. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1989. Wing-tsit Chan, editor of A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (Chan 1963), is also an expert and a staunch defender of Zhu Xi. This book represents Chan’s lifelong studies of Zhu Xi, with more than thirty papers treating various aspects of Zhu’s life, philosophy and associations. It should be book of interest to Zhu Xi scholars. Chan, Wing-tsit (Ed.) Chu Hsi and Neo-Confucianism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1986. This book consists of more than thirty papers on Zhu Xi written by known scholars on Neo-Confucianism. The basis of this anthology is a conference on Zhu Xi held in Honolulu in 1982. Paper topics mostly reflect studies on Zhu Xi in his historical contexts. There are, however, several papers on Zhu Xi’s theory of principle and the Great Ultimate (Taiji). They will be of interest to scholars who want to learn about Zhu Xi’s metaphysics. Kim, Yunk Sik. The Natural Philosophy of Chu Hsi (1130-1200). Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2000. This is a scholarly and yet accessible work on Zhu Xi’s theory of knowledge, his worldview and his attitude toward science. It provides a helpful guidance to Zhu Xi’s philosophy. |
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Related
Siblings
- Zhou Dunyi (9)
- Shao Yong (7)
- Zhang Zai (24)
- Cheng Hao (17)
- Cheng Yi (22)
- Lu Xiangshan (11)
- Wang Yangming (98)
- Wang Fuzhi (9)
- Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism, Misc (100)
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- Im Spiegel Der All-einheit: Selbst- Und Weltbezug Im Chinesischen Mittelalter.Kai Marchal - 2024 - Verlag Vittorio Klosterman.Even outside Europe, human beings have long contemplated philosophical questions. This book explores Neo-Confucianism and its most important representative: Zhu Xi (1130-1200). In Medieval China, Indian Buddhism was widely received; many endorsed the idea that the self and the world are illusionary (i.e. "empty") but that "emptiness" (sunyata) can be known in meditation. Although Neo-Confucian thinkers in the 11th and 12th centuries also practiced meditation, Buddhist ideas otherwise represented a nuisance for them. In his careful reconstruction, Kai Marchal examines which (...)Remove from this listExport citation
Bookmark - “Getting It Oneself" (Zide 自得) as an Alternative to Testimonial Knowledge and Deference to Tradition.Justin Tiwald - 2023 - Oxford Studies in Epistemology 7:306-335.To morally defer is to form a moral belief on the basis of some credible authority's recommendation rather than on one’s own moral judgment. Many philosophers have suggested that the sort of knowledge yielded by moral deference is deficient in various ways. To better appreciate its possible deficiencies, I propose that we look at a centuries-long philosophical discourse that made much of the shortcomings of this sort of knowledge, which is the discourse about “getting it oneself” (zide 自得) in the (...)
- Metaphysical Fundamentality as a Fundamental Problem for C. S. Peirce and Zhu Xi.James Dominic Rooney - 2022 - Philosophy East and West 72 (4):1045–1065.Abstract:While the American pragmatist C. S. Peirce and the twelfth-century Confucian thinker Zhu Xi 朱熹 lived and worked in radically different contexts, there are nevertheless striking parallels in their view of inquiry. Both appeal to the fundamental nature of reality in order to draw conclusions about the way in which inquiry can be a component of the path toward moral perfection. Yet they prominently diverge in their account not only of the fundamental nature of reality, but also of the way (...)
- The Original Meaning of the Yijing: Commentary on the Scripture of Change, by Zhu Xi.Joseph A. Adler - 2020 - New York, NY, USA: Columbia University Press.A translation of Zhu Xi's 朱熹 Zhouyi benyi 周易本義 (1188).Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Moral Psychology: Heartmind (Xin), Nature (Xing), and Emotions (Qing).Stephen C. Angle & Justin Tiwald - 2020 - In Kai-Chiu Ng & Yong Huang (eds.), Dao Companion to Zhu Xi’s Philosophy. Springer. pp. 361-387.An overview of Zhu Xi's moral psychology, with a special focus on the metaphysical underpinnings and the relations between heartmind (xin), emotions (qing), and nature (xing). The authors explain how Zhu uses his account to balance the demand for independent standards of assessment with his commitment to ethical norms that virtuous agents can embrace wholeheartedly.
- Zhu Xi on Self-Focused vs. Other-Focused Empathy.Justin Tiwald - 2020 - In Kai-Chiu Ng & Yong Huang (eds.), Dao Companion to Zhu Xi’s Philosophy. Springer. pp. 963-980.This chapter is about issues in ethics and moral psychology that have been little explored by contemporary philosophers, ones that concern the advantages and disadvantages of two different kinds of empathy. Roughly, first type is what is sometimes called “other-focused” empathy, in which one reconstructs the thoughts and feelings that someone else has or would have. The second type, “self-focused” empathy, is the sort of emotional attitude someone adopts when she imagines how she would think or feel were she in (...)
- Song-Ming Confucianism.Justin Tiwald - 2020 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.An overview of Confucianism in the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, which many regard as second only to the classical period in philosophical importance and influence. This piece canvasses the major thinkers and schools, competing views on the metaphysics of li (pattern, principle) and qi (vital stuff), criticisms of Buddhism and Daoism, and debates about the heartmind, virtue, knowledge, and governance.
- Zhu Xi: Selected Writings.Philip J. Ivanhoe (ed.) - 2019 - New York, USA: Oxford University Press (Oxford Chinese Thought).This volume contains nine chapters of translation, by a range of leading scholars, focusing on core themes in the philosophy of Zhu Xi (1130-1200), one of the most influential Chinese thinkers of the later Confucian tradition. -/- Table of Contents: Chapter One: Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Ethics by Philip J. Ivanhoe Chapter Two: Moral Psychology and Cultivating the Self by Curie Virág Chapter Three: Politics and Government by Justin Tiwald Chapter Four: Poetry, Literature, Textual Study, and Hermeneutics by On-cho Ng Chapter (...)
- Zhu Xi and Daoism.James Sellmann - 2019 - In Kai-Chiu Ng & Yong Huang (eds.), Dao Companion to Zhu Xi.This chapter argues that ZHU Xi was influenced by Daoism. His philosophy begins with the Diagram of the Great Polarity or Taijitu 太極圖 which has Daoist origins. Later in life he studied two Daoist texts, namely, The Seal of the Unity of the Three in the Zhou Book of Changes or the Zhouyi Cantongqi 周易參同契, and The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of the Secret Talisman or the Huangdi Yinfujing 黃帝陰符經. The chapter begins with a discussion about the nature of Daoism and (...)
- On the View that People and Not Institutions Bear Primary Credit for Success in Governance: Confucian Arguments.Justin Tiwald - 2019 - Journal of Confucian Philosophy and Culture 32:65-97.This paper explicates the influential Confucian view that “people” and not “institutional rules” are the proper sources of good governance and social order, as well as some notable Confucian objections to this position. It takes Xunzi 荀子, Hu Hong 胡宏, and Zhu Xi 朱熹 as the primary representatives of the “virtue-centered” position, which holds that people’s good character and not institutional rules bear primary credit for successful governance. And it takes Huang Zongxi 黃宗羲 as a major advocate for the “institutionalist” (...)
- Knowledge, Action, and Virtue in Zhu Xi.Matthew D. Walker - 2019 - Philosophy East and West 69 (2):515-534.I examine Zhu Xi's investigation thesis, the claim that a necessary condition (in ordinary cases) for one’s acting fully virtuously is one’s investigating the all-pervasive pattern in things (gewu格物). I identify four key objections that the thesis faces, which I label the rationalism, elitism, demandingness, and irrelevance worries. Zhu Xi, I argue, has resources for responding to each of these worries, and for defending a broadly intellectualist conception of fully virtuous agency.
- Zhu Xi on the Consciousness and Unconsciousness of the Mind of Heaven and Earth: Cross-Cultural Considerations of Ontological Theism and Atheism in Honor of the Work of Professor Donald Munro.Brook Ziporyn - 2019 - In Yanming An & Brian J. Bruya (eds.), New Life for Old Ideas: Chinese Philosophy in the Contemporary World: A Festschrift in Honour of Donald J. Munro. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. pp. 345-366.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Tian as Cosmos in Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism.Stephen C. Angle - 2018 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 17 (2):169-185.Tian 天 is central to the metaphysics, cosmology, and ethics of the 800-year-long Chinese philosophical tradition we call “Neo-Confucianism,” but there is considerable confusion over what tian means—confusion which is exacerbated by its standard translation into English as “Heaven.” This essay analyzes the meaning of tian in the works of the most influential Neo-Confucian, Zhu Xi 朱熹, presents a coherent interpretation that unifies the disparate aspects of the term’s meaning, and argues that “cosmos” does an excellent job of capturing this (...)
- A Confucian Perspective on Tertiary Education for the Common Good.Edmond Eh - 2018 - Journal of the Macau Ricci Institute 3:26-34.Confucian education is best captured by the programme described in the Great Learning. Education is presented first as the process of self-cultivation for the sake of developing virtuous character. Self-cultivation then allows for virtue to be cultivated in the familial, social and international dimensions. My central thesis is that Confucianism can serve as a universal framework of educating people for the common good in its promotion of personal cultivation for the sake of human progress. On this account the common good (...)
- Zhu Xi's Critique of Buddhism: Selfishness, Salvation, and Self-Cultivation.Justin Tiwald - 2018 - In John Makeham (ed.), The Buddhist Roots of Zhu Xi's Philosophical Thought. New York, NY: Oup Usa. pp. 122-155.This article (1) offers a relatively comprehensive survey of criticisms of Buddhism made by the influential Chinese philosopher Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130-1200) with translations of key passages, and (2) proposes that these criticisms are best understood as targeting the implicit presuppositions and practical implications of Buddhist teachings, not so much the explicit doctrines of the Buddhists. The article examines three sets of criticisms. The first has to do with Buddhist soteriology, the fundamental priority of Buddhist salvation, which Zhu takes to (...)
- The ti/yong model and its discontents : models of ambiguous priority in Chinese Buddhism and Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism.Brook Ziporyn - 2018 - In John Makeham (ed.), The Buddhist Roots of Zhu Xi's Philosophical Thought. New York, NY: Oup Usa.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Returning to Zhu Xi: Emerging Patterns within the Supreme Polarity ed. by David Jones and Jinli He.On-cho Ng - 2017 - Philosophy East and West 68 (1):321-324.Lest we take Zhu Xi merely as a grand synthesizer who, in the words of Wing-tsit Chan, made "Neo-Confucianism truly Confucian" by countering and assimilating Buddhist and Daoist influences, this volume urges us to regard him as a profound philosopher who brought metaphysical and cosmological insights to bear on ethical cultivation and social praxis. The twelve essays assembled in Returning to Zhu Xi: Emerging Patterns within the Supreme Polarity, edited by David Jones and Jinli He, examine the manifold aspects of (...)
- Two Notions of Empathy and Oneness.Justin Tiwald - 2017 - In Philip J. Ivanhoe, Owen Flanagan, Victoria S. Harrison, Hagop Sarkissian & Eric Schwitzgebel (eds.), The Oneness Hypothesis: Beyond the Boundary of Self. New York, NY, USA: Columbia University Press. pp. 371-387.This essay is about the relations between two different types of empathy and two different conceptions of oneness. Roughly, the first type of empathy is what is sometimes called “other-focused” or “imagine-other” empathy, in which one reconstructs the thoughts and feelings that someone else has or would have. The second type, “self- focused” or “imagine-self” empathy, is the sort of emotional attitude someone adopts when she imagines how she would think or feel were she in the other person’s place. Some (...)
- Neo-Confucians and Zhu Xi on Family and Woman: Challenges and Potentials,”.Ann A. Pang-White - 2016 - In Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy and Gender. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 69-88.In Chinese philosophy’s encounter with modernity and feminist discourse, Neo-Confucianism often suffered the most brutal attacks and criticisms. In “Neo-Confucians and Zhu Xi on Family and Woman: Challenges and Potentials,” Ann A. Pang-White investigates Song Neo-Confucians’ views (in particular, that of Zhu Xi) on women by examining the Classifi ed Conversations of Zhu Xi (Zhuzi Yulei), the Reflections on Things at Hand (Jinsi Lu), Further Reflections on Things at Hand (Xu Jinsi Lu), and other texts. Pang-White also takes a close (...)
- Xunzi Among the Chinese Neo-Confucians.Justin Tiwald - 2016 - In Eric L. Hutton (ed.), Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Xunzi. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 435-473.This chapter explains how Xunzi's text and views helped shape the thought of the Neo-Confucian philosophers, noting and explicating some areas of influence long overlooked in modern scholarship. It begins with a general overview of Xunzi’s changing position in the tradition (“Xunzi’s Status in Neo-Confucian Thought”), in which I discuss Xunzi’s status in three general periods of Neo-Confucian era: the early period, in which Neo-Confucian views of Xunzi were varied and somewhat ambiguous, the “mature” period, in which a broad consensus (...)
- Spiritual and Bodily Exercise: The Religious Significance of Zhu Xi’s Reading Methods.Guoxiang Peng - 2015 - In David Jones & Jinli He (eds.), Returning to Zhu Xi: Emerging Patterns Within the Supreme Polarity. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 325-342. Translated by Daniel Coyle & Yahui Anita Huang.$32.95 new (collection) View on Amazon.comRemove from this list Direct downloadExport citation Bookmark 1 citation
- Reconstructing the Confucian Dao: Zhu Xi's Appropriation of Zhou Dunyi.Joseph Alan Adler - 2014 - Albany, NY, USA: State University of New York Press.Discusses how Zhou Dunyi's thought became a cornerstone of neo-Confucianism.
- Moral Emotions, Awareness, and Spiritual Freedom in the Thought of Zhu Xi.Kai Marchal - 2013 - Asian Philosophy 23 (3):199-220.It is well known that the Neo-Confucian thinker Zhu Xi particularly emphasizes the role of emotions in human life. This paper shows that the four ‘moral emotions’ are central to Zhu's thinking, insofar as only their genuine actualization enables the individual to achieve spiritual freedom. Moreover, I discuss the crucial notions of ‘awareness’/‘perception’ and ‘knowledge’/‘wisdom’, in order to reveal the complex dynamic that moral emotions are said to create in the moral agent. I also analyse two important passages from the (...)
- Does Zhu Xi Distinguish Prudence from Morality?Justin Tiwald - 2013 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 12 (3):359-368.In Stephen Angle’s Sagehood, he contends that Neo-Confucian philosophers reject ways of moral thinking that draw hard and fast lines between self-directed or prudential concerns (about what is good for me) and other-directed or moral concerns (about what is right, just, virtuous, etc.), and suggests that they are right to do so. In this paper, I spell out Angle’s arguments and interpretation in greater detail and then consider whether they are faithful to one of the chief figures in Neo-Confucian thought. (...)
- Zhu Xi’s Spirituality: A New Interpretation of the Great Learning.Diana Arghirescu - 2012 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 39 (2):272-289.This essay analyzes the spiritual dimension of Zhu Xi's thought as reflected in his commentary on the four inner stages of the Great Learning (the Daxue《大學》). I begin with a presentation of the notions “spirituality,” “religion,” and “practice,” and of the interpretative methods used. I then examine the signification of Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucian numinous root as embodied in the luminous moral potentiality, investigate from this perspective each one of the four inner stages of the Great Learning, and point out the (...)
- Sagehood: The Contemporary Significance of Neo-Confucian Philosophy (review).Thorian R. Harris - 2012 - Philosophy East and West 62 (3):392-397.
- Zhu Xi yu Dai Zhen Mengzi xue zhi bi jiao yan jiu: yi xi fang quan shi xue suo zhan kai de fan si.Yachun Luo - 2012 - Taibei Shi: Xiu wei zi xun ke ji gu fen you xian gong si.本書從思想史脈絡的溯源，立足在孟學發展史上之歷史關鍵點，以宋／清孟學發展轉折切入，以朱熹／戴震做為研究對象，探究二家思想的關聯性，並從西方詮釋學的新視野研究兩家詮釋殊異之因；透過朱熹與戴震二位理學大家 ，釐清由宋至清的孟學系譜，勾勒出孟學何以能從宋明理學「向內體證理路」轉而趨向清代義理「向外道德實踐」的不同蘊趣。【秀威資訊科技股份有限公司製作】.
- A productive dialogue: Contemporary moral education and Zhu XI's neo‐confucian ethics.Stephen C. Angle - 2011 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 38 (s1):183-203.
- Zhu Xi’s choice, historical criticism and influence—An analysis of Zhu Xi’s relationship with Confucianism and Buddhism.Weixiang Ding - 2011 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 6 (4):521-548.As a great synthesist for the School of Principles of the Northern and Southern Song dynasties, Zhu Xi’s influence over the School of Principles was demonstrated not only through his positive theoretical creation, but also through his choice and critical awareness. Zhu’s relationship with Confucianism and Buddhism is a typical case; and his activities, ranging from his research of Buddhism (the Chan School) in his early days to his farewell to the Chan School as a student of Li Dong from (...)
- Sympathy and Perspective‐Taking in Confucian Ethics.Justin Tiwald - 2011 - Philosophy Compass 6 (10):663-674.This article spells out a forgotten debate in Confucian ethics that concerns the finer points of empathy, sympathy, and perspective-taking (sometimes called ‘role-taking’). The debate’s central question is whether sympathy is more virtuous when it is automatic and other-focused – that is, when we engage in perspective-taking without conscious effort and sympathize without significant reference to our selves or our own feelings.
- ZHU Xi's Cosmology.John Berthrong - 2010 - In John Makeham (ed.), Dao Companion to Neo-Confucian Philosophy. New York: Springer. pp. 153--175.
- (1 other version)The spirit of the school of principles in Zhu Xi’s discussion of “Dreams”—And on “Confucius did not Dream of Duke Zhou”.Yu Chang - 2010 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 5 (1):94-110.Dreams were a topic of study even in ancient times, and they are a special spiritual phenomenon. Generations of literati have defined the meaning of dreams in their own way, while Zhu Xi was perhaps the most outstanding one among them. He made profound explanations of dreams from aspects such as the relationship between dreams and the principles li and qi, the relationship between dreams and the state of the heart, and the relationship between dreams and an individual’s moral improvement. (...)
- The Self-Centeredness Objection to Virtue Ethics.Yong Huang - 2010 - American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 84 (4):651-692.As virtue ethics has developed into maturity, it has also met with a number of objections. This essay focuses on the self-centeredness objection: since virtue ethics recommends that we be concerned with our own virtues or virtuous characters, it is self-centered. In response, I first argue that, for Zhu Xi’s neo-Confucianism, the character that a virtuous person is concerned with consists largely in precisely those virtues that incline him or her to be concerned with the good of others. While such (...)
- A reconsideration of the characteristics of Song-Ming Li Xue.Chunfeng Jin - 2010 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 5 (3):352-376.By analyzing Zhu Xi and Zhang Zaiâs three representative explanatory paradigmsâthat of Feng Youlan, Mou Zongsan and Zhang Dainian, the paper tries to show that studying Chinese philosophy in a Western way and emphasizing logical consistency will unavoidably lead to the defects of simplicity and partiality. In addition to Buddhism and Daoism, Song-Ming philosophy had also absorbed thoughts from the Pre-Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties. The existence of multiple philosophical thoughts and their new synthesis lead to internal contradictions in (...)
- Zhu Xi on Moral Motivation: An Alternative Critique.Chan Lee - 2010 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 37 (4):622-638.
- A further analysis of Zhu Xi’s theory of mind.Peiyuan Meng - 2010 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 5 (3):377-395.Mind was the oneness of form and function. The change from an old theory to a new one about zhong ä¸ (the mean) and he å (harmony) was a shift from the idea of the separate form of nature and function of mind to one about both form and function of mind. Form was both the form of the spirit of the mind and of the substantiality of nature (not the same as substantial realities in substantialism); it was the integration (...)
- Ideal Interpretation: The Theories of Zhu Xi and Ronald Dworkin.A. P. & Yang Xiao - 2010 - Philosophy East and West 60 (1):88-114.Ideal interpretation is understanding a text in the best possible way. It is usually used when the text has a canonical status, such as the Bible or the U.S. Constitution. We argue that Zhu Xi’s view about interpreting the Four Books and Ronald Dworkin’s view about constitutional interpretation are examples of ideal interpretation and that their basic principles are similar. Each holds, roughly, that their target text contains moral truth; that the author’s mind requires the mediation of learning; that the (...)
- Zhu XI on the “internal” and the “external”: A response to Chan Lee.Kwong-Loi Shun - 2010 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 37 (4):639-654.
- Ideal interpretation: The theories of Zhu XI and Ronald Dworkin.A. P. Martinich Yang Xiao - 2010 - Philosophy East and West 60 (1):pp. 88-114.Ideal interpretation is understanding a text in the best possible way. It is usually used when the text has a canonical status, such as the Bible or the U.S. Constitution. We argue that Zhu Xi’s view about interpreting the Four Books and Ronald Dworkin’s view about constitutional interpretation are examples of ideal interpretation and that their basic principles are similar. Each holds, roughly, that their target text contains moral truth; that the author’s mind requires the mediation of learning; that the (...)
- Sagehood: the contemporary significance of neo-Confucian philosophy.Stephen C. Angle - 2009 - New York: Oxford University Press.The book's significance is two-fold: it argues for a new stage in the development of contemporary Confucian philosophy, and it demonstrates the value to Western ...
- Metaphysics and morality in neo-confucianism and greece: Zhu XI, Plato, Aristotle, and plotinus.Kenneth Dorter - 2009 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 8 (3):255-276.If Z hu Xi had been a western philosopher, we would say he synthesized the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and Plotinus: that he took from Plato the theory of forms, from Aristotle the connection between form and empirical investigation, and from Plotinus self-differentiating holism. But because a synthesis abstracts from the incompatible elements of its members, it involves rejection as well as inclusion. Thus, Z hu Xi does not accept the dualism by which Plato opposed to the rational forms an (...)
- Song-Ming neo-Confucianism (1) : from Cheng Yi to Zhu Xi.Shu-Hsien Liu - 2009 - In Bo Mou (ed.), History of Chinese philosophy. New York: Routledge.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- The Formation, Development and Evolution of Neo-Confucianism — with a Focus on the Doctrine of "Stilling the Nature" in the Song Period.Zhu Renqiu & Liu Huawei - 2009 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 4 (3):322 - 342.The frmation of the discourse of Neo-Confucianism in the Song period was a result of the interactions between many social and cultural trends. In the development of the Neo-Confucian discourse, the Cheng brothers (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi) played key roles with their charismatic thoughts and impelling personalities, while Zhu xi pushed Neo-Confucian thought and discourse to a pinnacle wth his broad knowledge and precise reasoning. In the warm discussions and debates between different schools and thoughts, the Neo-Confucian discourse proceeded (...)
- Aesthetic Judgment: The Power of the Mind in Understanding Confucianism.Xie Xialing & Gao Limin - 2009 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 4 (1):38 - 51.Mou Zongsan incorrectly uses Kant's practical reason to interpret Confucianism. The saying that "what is it that we have in common in our minds? It is the il 理 (principles) and the yi 义 (righteousness)" reveals how Mencius explains the origin of il and yi through a theory of common sense. In "the li and the yi please our minds, just as the flesh of beef and mutton and pork please our mouths," "please" is used twice, proving aesthetic judgment is (...)
- The formation, development and evolution of neo-confucianism — with a focus on the doctrine of “stilling the nature” in the song period.Renqiu Zhu - 2009 - Frontiers of Philosophy in China 4 (3):322-342.The formation of the discourse of Neo-Confucianism 1 in the Song period was a result of the interactions between many social and cultural trends. In the development of the Neo-Confucian discourse, the Cheng brothers (Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi) played key roles with their charismatic thoughts and impelling personalities, while Zhu Xi pushed Neo-Confucian thought and discourse to a pinnacle with his broad knowledge and precise reasoning. In the warm discussions and debates between different schools and thoughts, the Neo-Confucian discourse (...)
- Zhu Xi’s Spiritual Practice as the Basis of His Central Philosophical Concepts.Joseph A. Adler - 2008 - Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 7 (1):57-79.The argument is that (1) the spiritual crisis that Zhu Xi discussed with Zhang Shi 張栻 (1133–1180) and the other “gentlemen of Hunan” from about 1167 to 1169, which was resolved by an understanding of what we might call the interpenetration of the mindâs stillness and activity (dong-jing åé) or equilibrium and harmony (zhong-he ä¸å), (2) led directly to his realization that Zhou Dunyiâs thought provided a cosmological basis for that resolution, and (3) this in turn led Zhu Xi to (...)
- Trans-cultural Reading: Zhu Xi’s Classical Exegesis and Hermeneutic Ultimacy.On-cho Ng - 2008 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy and Culture 3:255-276.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Wholeness in confucian thought : Zhu XI on Cheng, zhong, Xin, and Jing.Kwong-loi Shun - 2008 - In Zhongying Cheng & On Cho Ng (eds.), The Imperative of Understanding: Chinese Philosophy, Comparative Philosophy, and Onto-Hermeneutics: A Tribute Volume Dedicated to Professor Chung-Ying Cheng. Global Scholarly Publications.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
- Struggle Between the Two Orientations: A Study of Zhu Xi's Commentary on the Analects.Liu Xiaogan - 2008 - Contemporary Chinese Thought 40 (2):46-66.
- Zhu XI (chu hsi, 1130-1200 CE).Kirill O. Thompson - 2007 - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.Remove from this listExport citation Bookmark
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