Contemporary Western feminism and transpersonalism are kaleidoscopic, consisting of interlocking influences, yet the fields have developed in parallel rather than in tandem. Both schools of praxis developed during the climate of activism and social experimentation of the 1960s in the United States, and both share a non-pathological view of the human experience. This discussion suggests loci of synthesized theoretical constructs between the two disciplines as well as distinct concepts and practices in both disciplines that may serve the other. Ways in (...) which a feminist-transpersonal perspective may catalyze social change on personal, regional, and global levels are proposed. (shrink)

Background and Objectives: The child’s perceived attachment to parents plays an important role in the establishment of attachment to God. Given the importance of the father’s role in forming the child’s attachment system, the present study aimed to investigate the role of fathers in the daily spiritual experiences of high school students in Zabol, Iran, based on the attachment theory. Methods: This retrospective comparative study was conducted on 100 students with father and 50 fatherless students with the mean age of (...) 15.88 years, selected from two male and female Shahed high schools in Zabol, Iran. The fatherless volunteers were selected by referring to each class. The sampling of the students with fathers was also performed by matching them with the fatherless students using convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, which measures the three factors of God's presence, connection with God, and sense of responsibility towards others. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using MANOVA and independent t-test. Results: The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups of students in terms of feeling God's presence. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the connection with God and sense of responsibility towards others. In addition, the examination of the interactive effects of group and gender demonstrated a significant difference only in boys. Conclusion: The findings indicated the importance of childhood attachment to father in explaining the sense of God's presence. Consequently, the reconstruction of the psychological models of God facilitates the basis of safety to deal with problems. (shrink)