In the context of the great philosophical synthesis of Francis Suárez, between XVI and XVII centuries, his commentary to De Anima manifest the originality of his thought, between continuity and innovation in front of the big issues that Aristotle’s work had left open. His reflection on the problems of knowledge will open the path to a modern way of thinking, not exempt of some critical aspects. As he recognizes the active role of sensitive powers and he analyzes their physiological dimension, (...) he will reduce inner sensitivity to only one power. The characterization of this only inner sense requires an adequate distinction of it as regards both external sensitivity and intellectual power, and implies some localization in the brain. Surarez’s dialogue with the physiology of his time places him at the historical beginning of neuroscience. (shrink)