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  1. Board Gender Quotas: Exploring Ethical Tensions From A Multi-Theoretical Perspective.Siri Terjesen & Ruth Sealy - 2016 - Business Ethics Quarterly 26 (1):23-65.
    ABSTRACT:Despite 40 years of equal opportunities policies and more than two decades of government and organization initiatives aimed at helping women reach the upper echelons of the corporate world, women are seriously underrepresented on corporate boards. Recently, fifteen countries sought to redress this imbalance by introducing gender quotas for board representation. The introduction of board gender quota legislation creates ethical tensions and dilemmas which we categorize in terms of motivations, legitimacy, and outcomes. We investigate these tensions through four overarching theoretical (...)
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  • Women and Multiple Board Memberships: Social Capital and Institutional Pressure.Alessandra Rigolini & Morten Huse - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 169 (3):443-459.
    We show unintended consequences of quota regulations to get women on boards. Board members may have different characteristics, and even among women, there are variations. We assume that the characteristics of the board members have an influence on their contributions to boards, to businesses as well as to society. In this paper, we argue that different types of societal pressure to get women on boards have an influence on the social capital characteristics of the women getting multiple board memberships. The (...)
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  • The Carrot or the Stick: Self-Regulation for Gender-Diverse Boards via Codes of Good Governance.Heike Mensi-Klarbach, Stephan Leixnering & Michael Schiffinger - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 170 (3):577-593.
    Scholars have emphasized the potential of self-regulation, realized through ‘codes of good governance’, to improve gender diversity on boards. Yet, unconvinced of the effectiveness of this self-regulation, many regulators have implemented mandatory quota laws. Our study sheds light on this dilemma. Seeking to broaden our conceptual knowledge of how such ‘codes’ work in the specific case of gender diversity on boards, we ask: Under which conditions is self-regulation via voluntary principles of good governance effective? Expanding recent institutional-theory perspectives from the (...)
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  • Family firm status and environmental disclosure: The moderating effect of board gender diversity.Barbara Maggi, Rafaela Gjergji, Luigi Vena, Salvatore Sciascia & Alessandro Cortesi - 2023 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 32 (4):1334-1351.
    Building on agency and resource-based view theories, this study investigates the level of environmental disclosure (ED) practices of family versus non-family firms and explores the moderating role of board gender diversity. We test our hypotheses on a 3-year (2018–2020) panel data sample comprising 324 observations of Italian small- and medium-sized enterprises traded on the Euronext Growth Milan. Findings show that, compared to non-family firms, companies with a family firm status are characterized by lower levels of ED. Gender diversity on the (...)
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  • The Corporate Board Glass Ceiling: The Role of Empowerment and Culture in Shaping Board Gender Diversity.Krista B. Lewellyn & Maureen I. Muller-Kahle - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 165 (2):329-346.
    In this study, we use a mixed methods research design to investigate how national cultural forces may impede or enhance the positive impact of females’ economic and political empowerment on increasing gender diversity of corporate boards. Using both a longitudinal correlation-based methodology and a configurational approach with fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we integrate theoretical mechanisms from gender schema and institutional theories to develop a mid-range theory about how female empowerment and national culture shape gender diversity on corporate boards around the (...)
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  • Female Representation on Corporate Boards in Europe: The Interplay of Organizational Social Consciousness and Institutions.Cynthia E. Clark, Punit Arora & Patricia Gabaldon - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 180 (1):165-186.
    We examine the role of alignment between organizational social consciousness and the informal and formal institutions of a country in increasing female representation on boards. Using fixed-effects and Hausman Taylor regression methodology for endogenous covariate with panel data for the years 2006–2020, we find that the greater the alignment between organizational social consciousness and certain formal and informal institutions, the more progress there is toward gender representation on corporate boards in Europe. We also find that more socially conscious firms make (...)
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  • A rights-based approach to board quotas and how hard sanctions work for gender equality.Kate Clayton-Hathway, Elisabeth K. Kelan & Anne Laure Humbert - 2019 - European Journal of Women's Studies 26 (4):447-468.
    This article examines whether progress in women’s access to decision-making positions is best achieved through increased levels of development or targeted actions. Drawing on European data for the period 2006–2018, the article examines the association between how gender equal a country is and legislated measures such as board quotas with women’s representation on boards. The analysis then explores how this can be nuanced by differentiating between hard sanctions, soft sanctions and codes of governance. It shows that board quotas cannot be (...)
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  • Women Directors and Corporate Social Performance: An Integrative Review of the Literature and a Future Research Agenda. [REVIEW]Giovanna Campopiano, Patricia Gabaldón & Daniela Gimenez-Jimenez - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 182 (3):717-746.
    This paper presents a literature review offering a thorough and critical systematization of articles investigating the influence of women directors on corporate social performance (CSP). We review the state-of-the-art literature in terms of its key assumptions, theories, and conceptualization of CSP. Our analysis shows a misfit between the theorization and operationalization of gender diversity, especially in quantitative empirical studies, which represent the majority of articles. In our overview of both conceptual and empirical studies, we identified three main theoretical dimensions, which (...)
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  • Empowering Women: The Role of Emancipative Forces in Board Gender Diversity.Steven A. Brieger, Claude Francoeur, Christian Welzel & Walid Ben-Amar - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 155 (2):495-511.
    This study investigates the effect of country-level emancipative forces on corporate gender diversity around the world. Based on Welzel’s theory of emancipation, we develop an emancipatory framework of board gender diversity that explains how action resources, emancipative values and civic entitlements enable, motivate and encourage women to take leadership roles on corporate boards. Using a sample of 6390 firms operating in 30 countries around the world, our results show positive single and combined effects of the framework components on board gender (...)
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