8지 요가의 단계 중 가장 처음 거론되는 지분인 금계는 불상해, 진실, 불투도, 범행, 무소유로 구성되어 있다. YS. 2. 30. :: ahiṃsāsatyāsteyabrahmacaryāparigrahā yamāḥ //이 가운데 범행은 비단 요가행자에게 있어서만이 아니라 수행자라면 공통적으로 지켜야 할 덕목이다. 베다와 우파니샤드의 권위를 인정하는 유파와 그렇지 않은 무파를 막론하고 인도의 종교적 전통에서 범행의 실천은 수행자에게 있어서 필수적인 요소로 강조되었다. 이는 금욕을 실행하는 남성의 수행자에게 특히 자발적으로 억제하도록 요구되며, 그러한 금욕의 실행은 정신과 육체 양 측면 모두를 포함한다.
하지만 육체적인 측면에서는 어느 정도 그 범위를 정의하는 것이 용이할지라도 상대적으로 정신적인 측면에서의 금욕은 그 범위를 특정하는 데 어려움이 뒤따를 가능성이 있다. 실제 행동이 뒤따르지 않는 가운데 다만 생각만으로도 범계가 인정되는지의 여부, 생각만으로도 범계가 된다면 그 생각은 어떤 범위에까지 해당되는지의 문제는 보다 미묘하다. 따라서 YS의 금계 중 범행을 정의하기 위해서는 비야사의 YBh를 위시한 주석과 복주를 참고하여 그 원의를 파악할 수밖에 없을 것이다.
The restraint(yama), the first step of eight accessories of yoga(aṣṭāṅga yoga), consists of non-violence(ahiṃsā), veracity(satya), non-stealing(āsteya), continence(brahmacaryā), non-possession(aparigrahā). And continence is the restraint from the power of generation, that is the hidden power, and is a virtue for not only the yogin but also all the ascetics. In the religious tradition in India, the practice of the continence is emphasized for the ascetics, both the āstika who accept the ultimate authority of the Vedas and Upaniṣads, and nāstika who do not. Also, it is compulsory for the male ascetics to control spontaneously, and the practice of continence includes both physical and mental aspects. But, it is easy to define the limit of continence regarding the physical aspect, but it is not quite easy to define the limit of continence regarding the mental aspect. It is a very complex matter whether the thought, viz, the desire of seeing and speaking to women without any actual action, would also be the incontinence. And it is also vague to set up the limit of the thought if that kind of thought would also be the incontinence. Therefore, in order to define the continence of Yogasūtra yama, it will be necessary to grasp the meaning of commentary and re-commentary for Yogasūtra Bhāṣya of Vyāsa.
The restraint(yama), the first step of eight accessories of yoga(aṣṭāṅga yoga), consists of non-violence(ahiṃsā), veracity(satya), non-stealing(āsteya), continence(brahmacaryā), non-possession(aparigrahā). And continence is the restraint from the power of generation, that is the hidden power, and is a virtue for not only the yogin but also all the ascetics. In the religious tradition in India, the practice of the continence is emphasized for the ascetics, both the āstika who accept the ultimate authority of the Vedas and Upaniṣads, and nāstika who do not. Also, it is compulsory for the male ascetics to control spontaneously, and the practice of continence includes both physical and mental aspects. But, it is easy to define the limit of continence regarding the physical aspect, but it is not quite easy to define the limit of continence regarding the mental aspect. It is a very complex matter whether the thought, viz, the desire of seeing and speaking to women without any actual action, would also be the incontinence. And it is also vague to set up the limit of the thought if that kind of thought would also be the incontinence. Therefore, in order to define the continence of Yogasūtra yama, it will be necessary to grasp the meaning of commentary and re-commentary for Yogasūtra Bhāṣya of Vyāsa.