Information, Incentives and Bargaining in the Japanese Economy: A Microtheory of the Japanese Economy

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Cambridge University Press, 1988 - Business & Economics - 320 pages
This book is not another parable of Japan's economic success; it provides rich and systematic descriptions of Japanese microeconomic institutions and interprets their workings in terms familiar to Western economists. A systematic, in-depth analysis of Japanese institutions of this kind has never been available before. In making his comparative analysis of the Japanese system, the author critically examines conventional notions about the microstructure of the market economy that have strongly shaped and influenced economists' approach to industrial organization. While these notions may constitute an appropriate foundation for the analysis of the highly market-oriented Western economies, the author has found that a more complete understanding of the Japanese economy requires us to broaden such "specific" notions. Topics include the internal information structure, incentive scheme, and capital structure of the Japanese firm; corporate and bureaucratic behavior from the viewpoint of bargaining game theory; subcontract design; functions of corporate grouping; the pattern of innovation; and the possible impacts of cultural factors.
 

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Contents

Introduction
1
The information structure of the Jfirm
7
United States versus Japan
11
B Centralized coordination versus the kanban system
20
2 The traditional paradigm of the hierarchy
26
3 Horizontal information structure
32
4 Concluding remarks
43
The ranking hierarchy of the Jfirm as incentive scheme
49
an illustration of the weighting rule
192
Appendix 2 Gift exchange of effort and job security
197
The changing nature of industrial organization
204
1 The subcontracting group
208
B The relational quasi rent and its stratified division
213
2 The insurance function of corporate grouping and its waning
223
3 The direction and organization of RD
234
isomorphic structure of manufacturing and RD
237

1 Stylized facts
54
B The extent of lifetime employment
60
2 The ranking hierarchy and reputation
69
3 Contractual incompleteness and enterprise unionism
86
Appendix An illustration of ranking hierarchy
94
Corporate finance stockholding returns and corporate governance structure
99
1 Stylized facts
102
B Returns to stockholding
113
C Stockholding structure
116
D A historical note on stockholding structure
124
2 Debt versus equity financing
127
3 The bank as a monitoring agent
142
Bargaining game at the Jfirm
150
1 The structure of the bargaining game
154
2 Some behavioral implications of bargain outcome in the Jfirm
164
B Dilemma of industrial democracy
166
C Gift exchange of higher effort and job security
174
D Flexibility of earnings and work sharing
176
3 Historical formation of Japanese management
181
B The chainlink model
242
C Emerging intercorporate RD linkage
248
4 Business organizations and social ranking of top management
252
Bureaupluralism
258
1 Two faces of the bureaucracy
263
A Stylized facts
264
B Why two faces?
268
2 The bureaucratic process
270
B Quasipluralistic bargaining nested within the bureaucracy
274
the Jfirm and the bureaucracy
283
3 Bureaupluralism
288
B Bureaupluralism at bay and its dilemma
293
Culture and economic rationality
298
1 Culturalists versus rationalists
300
2 Is group orientation sufficient and necessary?
306
Author index
315
Subject index
317
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