Skip to main content
Log in

Management Students’ Attitudes Toward Business Ethics: A Comparison Between France and Romania

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study focuses on the differences in the perception of business ethics across two groups of management students from France and Romania (n = 220). Data was collected via the ATBEQ to measure preferences for three business philosophies: Machiavellianism, Social Darwinism, and Moral Objectivism. The results show that Romanian students present more favorable attitudes toward Machiavellianism than French students; whereas, French students valued Social Darwinism and Moral Objectivism more highly. For Machiavellianism and Moral Objectivism the results are consistent with the literature and our hypotheses. However, contrary to our expectations, we find that Social Darwinism is more important in France than Romania. The results indicate that religious practice does not influence preferences for the three business philosophies. In terms of gender differences, women have less favorable attitudes toward Machiavellianism and more favorable attitudes toward Moral Objectivism than men.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acquier, A., J.-P. Gond and J. Igalens: 2005, ‘Les fondements religieux de la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise à la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise comme religion’, Cahier de recherche no. 2005-166, Centre de Recherche en Gestion, IAE de Toulouse, pp. 1–31. http://www.reims-ms.fr/agrh/docs/actes-agrh/pdf-des-actes/2005acquier-gond-igalens002.pdf.

  • Al-Khatib, A. J., Ch. J. Robertson and D. N. Lascu: 2004, ‘Post-communist consumer ethics: the case of Romania’, Journal of Business Ethics, 54, 81-95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borkowski, S., Ugras, Y., 1998, ‘Business Students and Ethics: A Meta-Analysis’, Journal of Business Ethics, 17 (11), 1117–1127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne, B. M.: 2001, ‘Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Malway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardy, R. L. and T. T. Servarajan: 2006, ‘Assessing ethical behavior: the impact of outcomes on judgment bias’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(1), 52-72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll A. (1979), “A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance”, Academy of Management Review, 4 (4), p 497-505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. and A. K. Buchholtz: 2008, ‘Business and society: ethics and stakeholder management’, 7th edition, South-Western Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie, R. and F. Geis: 1970, Studies in Machiavellianism, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conovici, I.: 2006, ‘Biserica Ortodoxă Română în spaţiul public postcomunist’, Akademia 1(20), http://www.akademia.ro/articole.php?view=261.

  • Crane, A. and D. Matten: 2007, ‘Business ethics’, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, J. H. and J. A. Ruhe: 2003, ‘Perceptions of country corruption: antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(4), 275-288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De George, R. T.: 1987, ‘The status of business ethics: past and future’, Journal of Business Ethics, 6(3), 201-211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • England, G. W, R. Lee: 1974, ‘The relationship between managerial values and managerial success in the United States, Japan, India and Australia’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(4), 411-419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etheredge J. M., 1999, ‘The perceived role of ethics and social responsibility: An alternative scale’, Journal of Business Ethics, 18(1), 51-64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M.: 1970, ‘The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits’, New York Times Magazine, 13 September, republished in W. Ch. Zimmerli, K. Richter and M. Holzinger (eds.): 2007, Corporate Ethics and Corporate Governance (Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York), pp. 173–178.

  • Furrer, O., C. P. Egri, D. A. Ralston, W. Danis, E. Reynaud, I. Naoumova, M. Molteni, A. Starkus, F. L. Darder, M. Dabic, and A. Furrer-Perrinjaquet: 2010, ‘Attitudes toward corporate responsibilities in Western Europe and in Central and East Europe’, Management International Review, 50(3), 379-398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Getz, K. and R. Volkema: 2001, ‘Culture, perceived corruption, and economics’, Business & Society, 40(1), 7-30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, J. R., Jr.: 1992, ‘Can a business and society course affect the ethical judgment of future managers?’, Journal of Business Ethics, 11(3), 217-223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodchild, L. F.: 1986, ‘Toward a foundational normative method in business ethics’, Journal of Business Ethics, 5(6), 485-499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimes, P. W.: 2004, ‘Dishonesty in academics and business: a cross-cultural evaluation of student attitudes’, Journal of Business Ethics, 49(3), 273-290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habib, M. and L. Zurawicki: 2002, ‘Corruption and foreign direct investment’, Journal of International business Studies, 33(2), 291-307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F., Jr., R. E. Anderson, R. L. Tatham and W. C. Black: 1998, Multivariate Data Analysis. Fifth edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (NJ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, S.: 2009, ‘Converging on Green’, BizEd, July–August, pp. 24–29.

  • Hoffman, W. M. and J. M. Moore: 1984, ‘Business ethics: readings and cases in corporate morality’, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. and G. J. Hofstede: 2005, ‘Cultures and organizations. Software of the mind’, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Husted, B. W.: 1999, ‘Wealth, culture, and corruption’, Journal of International Business Studies, 30(2), 339-360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim, N. A., D. P. Howard and J. P. Angelidis: 2008, ‘The relationship between religiousness and corporate social responsibility orientation: are there differences between business managers and students?’ Journal of Business Ethics, 78(1-2), 165-174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R.: 1997, ‘Modernization and postmodernization: cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies’, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R.: 2008, ‘Changing values among western publics from 1970 to 2006’, West European Politics, 31(1-2), 130-146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. and W. E. Baker : 2000, ‘Modernization, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values’, American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19-51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iribarne, Ph. d’: 2006, L’Etrangeté française (Le Seuil, Paris).

  • Kemmelmeier, M., G. Krol and Y. H. Kim: 2002, ‘Values, economics, and proenvironmental attitudes in 22 societies’, Cross-Cultural Research, 36(3), 256-285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kidwell, J., R. Stevens and A. Bethke: 1987, ‘Differences in the ethical perceptions between male and female managers: myth or reality’, Journal of Business Ethics, 6(6), 489-493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, T.: 1983, ‘The globalization of markets’, Harvard Business Review, 61(3), 92-102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, K. D., J. B. Cullen, J. L. Johnson and K. P. Parboteeah: 2007, ‘Deciding to bribe: a cross-level analysis of firm and home country influence on bribery activity’, Academy of Management Journal, 50(6), 1401-1422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauro, P.: 1995, ‘Corruption and growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681-712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melé, D.: 2000, ‘Business Ethics from Christian Moral Theology: Perspectives Facing the 21st Century’, http://www.iipe.org/resourcedocs/organisational.html.

  • Meschi, P.-X.: 2009, ‘Government corruption and foreign stakes in international joint ventures in emerging economies’, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 26(2), 241-261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miesing, P. and J. F. Preble: 1985, ‘A comparison of five business philosophies’, Journal of Business Ethics, 4(6), 465-476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, R. S. and S. E. Radloff: 1996, ‘Attitudes towards business ethics held by South African students’, Journal of Business Ethics, 15(8), 863-869.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, Y. and A. Reichel: 1987, The Development of Attitudes Toward Business Ethics Questionnaire (ATBEQ): Concepts, Dimensions, and Relations to Work Values. Working Paper, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.

  • Peterson, D., A. Rhoads and B. C. Vaught: 2001, ‘Ethical beliefs of business professionals: a study of gender, age and external factors’, Journal of Business Ethics, 31(3), 225-232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phau, I. and G. Kea: 2007, ‘Attitudes of university students toward business ethics: a cross-national investigation of Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong’, Journal of Business Ethics, 72(1), 61-75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preble, J. F. and A. Reichel: 1988, ‘Attitudes towards business ethics of future managers in the US and Israel’, Journal of Business Ethics, 7(12), 941-949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ralston, D. A., C. P. Egri, M. T. de la Garza Carranza, P. Ramburuth et al.: 2009, ‘Ethical preferences for influencing superiors: a 41-society study’, Journal of International Business Studies, 40(6), 1022-1045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ralston, D.A., Gustafson, D.J., Cheung, F. & Terpstra, R.H. 1993. Differences in Managerial values: A study of U.S., Hong Kong and PRC managers. Journal of International Business Studies, 24, 249-275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ralston, D. A., D. H. Holt, R. H. Terpstra, and Kai-Cheng Yu: 1997, ‘The impact of national culture and economic ideology on managerial work values: a study of the United States, Russia, Japan and China’, Journal of International Business Studies, 28(1), 177-207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynaud, E., C. P. Egri, D. A. Ralston, W. Danis, A. Starkus, M. Dabic, F. Wangenheim, T. Dalgic, F. Castro, V. V. Potocan, M. Kavoossi, M. Molteni, I. Girson, D. Elenkov, J. Pla-Barber, I. Maignan, M. Weber and A. Wallace: 2007, ‘The differences in values between managers of the European founding countries, the new members and the applicant countries: societal orientation or financial orientation?’, European Management Journal, 25(2), 132-145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynaud, E., C. P. Egri, D. A. Ralston, I. Palmer, H. Srinvasan, P. Fu, A. Butt, J. R. Gutierrez, W. Danis, C. L. Hoon, M. Yong-Lin, O. Furrer, J. Pla-Barber, M. Molteni, M. Dabic, H. B. Chia, C. Kuo, T. Casado, T. de la Garza, M. Richards, Y. Sidani, P. Hallinger and L. Milton: 2008 ‘Les déterminants du comportement responsable : une comparaison internationale à grande échelle’, 17th AIMS Annual Congress, Nice Sophia Antipolis, May.

  • Schwartz, S. H. and S. Huismans: 1995, ‘Value priorities and religiosity in four western Religions’, Social Psychology Quarterly, 58(2), 88-107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sims, R. L. and A. E. Gegez: 2004, ‘Attitudes towards business ethics: a five nation comparative study’, Journal of Business Ethics, 59(3), 253-265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sin, L. Y. M., G. W. E. Cheung and R. Lee: 1999, ‘Methodology in cross-cultural consumer research: a review and critical assessment’, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 11(4), 75-96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Small, M. W.: 1992, ‘Attitudes toward business ethics held by western Australian students: a comparative study’, Journal of Business Ethics, 11(10), 745-752.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spicer, A., T. W. Dunfee and W. J. Bailey: 2004, ‘Does national context matter in ethical decision making? an empirical test of integrative social contracts theory’, Academy of Management Journal, 47(4), 610-620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steenkamp, J-B. E. M. and H. Baumgartner: 1998, ‘Assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research’, Journal of Consumer Research, 25(1), 78-90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, E.: 1979, Business ethics, Paulist Press, New York/Ramsey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, M. C.: 1995, ‘Managing legitimacy: strategic and institutional approaches’, Academy of Management Journal, 20(3), 571-610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waddock, S. A., C. Bodwell and S. B. Graves: 2002, ‘Responsibility: the new business imperative’, The Academy of Management Executive, 16(2), 132-148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wated, G. U. and J. I. Sanchez: 2005, ‘The effects of attitudes, subjective norms, attributions, and individualism-collectivism on managers’ responses to bribery in organizations: evidence from a developing nation’, Journal of Business Ethics, 61(2), 111-127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel Bageac.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bageac, D., Furrer, O. & Reynaud, E. Management Students’ Attitudes Toward Business Ethics: A Comparison Between France and Romania. J Bus Ethics 98, 391–406 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0555-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0555-5

Keywords

Navigation