Filozofija i drustvo 2013 Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages: 193-210
https://doi.org/10.2298/FID1302193B
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Social construction of “other” as “primitive”
Božilović Nikola T. (Filozofski fakultet, Departman za sociologiju, Niš)
The author of this paper deals with the problem of cultural difference
through the analysis of the relationship “us” - “others”. He searches for the
answer to the question why the culture of other peoples or individuals are
often considered inferior in many societies. This type of treatment leads to
the extreme where the position of the “other” is reduced to the level of
“primitive” (less valuable, lowly, and brutal). In such a context, the author
analyzes theoretical concepts of the Enlightenment rationalism of the 18th
century and the anthropological evolutionism of the 19th century, believing
that the roots of the negative assessment of the “other” can be found in
them. Namely, the majority of these theories conduct a hierarchization of
culture according to the time and value principles, from which peoples and
cultures can be classified as “primitive” and “civilized”. European modernism
provided the vision of history as one of linear growth, which led to modern
cultures being a priori declared more valuable and culturally more sublime.
However, modern cultures are also classified among themselves according to
value principles. The differentiation of cultures is performed using various
stereotypes, and the idea of progress as rational improvement in the sphere
of material culture, science, and technology legitimizes the transformation
of the different (other) into primitive. From this prejudice, according to
the author, emerges the Eurocentric thought on the exclusiveness of the
European culture, which latently justifies colonialism and other negative
phenomena coming from the European civilization. Primitivism is being
presented as an objective state, while it is, in fact, the case of a social
construction which has the aim of proclaiming the “other” as “primitive”.
Keywords: hierarchization of culture, values, naturalization of time, myth of progress, diversity, primitivism, social construction, stereotypes, prejudice, eurocentrism