Ethics and Science: An IntroductionWho owns your genes? What does climate science imply for policy? Do corporations conduct honest research? Should we teach intelligent design? Humans are creating a new world through science. The kind of world we are creating will not simply be decided by expanding scientific knowledge, but will depend on views about good and bad, right and wrong. These visions, in turn, depend on critical thinking, cogent argument and informed judgement. In this book, Adam Briggle and Carl Mitcham help readers to cultivate these skills. They first introduce ethics and the normative structure of science and then consider the 'society of science' and its norms for the responsible conduct of research and the treatment of human and animal research subjects. Later chapters examine 'science in society' - exploring ethical issues at the interfaces of science, policy, religion, culture and technology. Each chapter features case studies and research questions to stimulate further reflection. |
Contents
Introduction and overview | 1 |
Ethical concepts and theories | 23 |
Science and its norms | 66 |
responsible conduct | 87 |
Influential cases | 95 |
anticipating research | 103 |
disseminating research | 113 |
Summary | 120 |
Questions for research and discussion | 154 |
Summary | 170 |
The naturalistic fallacy | 185 |
The goals of teaching and learning | 199 |
science for policy | 237 |
Science and ideational culture | 268 |
ethics and engineering | 290 |
Looking back leaning forward the moral character of scientists | 319 |
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action argued argument Aristotle assess autism become behavior beliefs benefits biomedical Carl Mitcham challenge Chapter claims climate change clinical trials codes complex conduct conflict of interest constitutes context controversy created critical culture Declaration of Helsinki defined definition deontology descriptive ethics difficult drug ence engineering ethics ethical theories ethics and science example experience experimentation field find findings first flourishing funding Galileo global goal human subjects Hwang ideal influence informed consent instance institutions intelligent design involved justified methods misconduct modern science moral National nature normative ethics norms nuclear Nuremberg Code peer review philosopher political principles produce professional questions reason reflection relationships responsibility scientific community scientific knowledge scientific research scientists significant simply social social contract society specific sufficient thalidomide tion University utilitarianism values virtue ethics World Medical Association