Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

CSR, Transparency and the Role of Intermediate Organisations

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Transparency is a crucial condition to implement a CSR policy based on the reputation mechanism. The central question of this contribution is how a transparency policy ought to be organised in order to enhance the CSR behaviour of companies. Governments endorsing CSR as a new means of governance have different strategies to foster CSR transparency. In this paper we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of two conventional policy strategies: the facilitation policy and the command and control strategy. Using three criteria (efficiency, freedom and virtue) we conclude that both strategies are defective. Most attention is paid to the facilitation strategy since governments nowadays mainly use this. In evaluating this strategy we analyse the Dutch case. As an alternative we introduce a third government policy: the development of a self-regulating sub-system. By construing an analogy with the historical development of corporate financial disclosure, we point out that the vital step in the creation of a self-regulating subsys- tem is the creation of strong informational intermediate organisations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Auger, Pat, Burke, Paul, Devinney, Timothy M. and Louviere, Jordan J. (2003) What Will Consumers Pay for Social Product Features?, Journal of Business Ethics, XXXXII, 281–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartels, W.: 2006, ‹Directieverslagen te mager’, People Planet Profit, V, 29

  • Barton, J., Waymire, G. (2004) “Investor protection under unregulated financial reporting.” Journal of Accounting and Economics XXXVIII, 65–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumol, W. J. (1975) Business Responsibility and Economic Behavior. In: M. Anshen (eds) Managing the Socially Responsible Corporation. New York: MacMillan, pp. 59–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumol, W. J. and S. J. Batey Blackman (1991) Perfect Markets and Easy Virtue: Business Ethics and the Invisible Hand. Oxford: Basil Blackwell

    Google Scholar 

  • Berthelot, S. D. Cormier and M. Magnan (2003) Environmental Disclosure Research: Review and Synthesis. Journal of Accounting Literature 22, 1–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Conlisk J. (1996) Why Bounded Rationality?. Journal of Economic Literature XXXIV, 669–700

    Google Scholar 

  • Consumentenbond: 2002, ‹Weet wat je koopt. Wet openbaarheid van productie en ketens’, http://www.ketens-netwerken.nl/Pages/documents/WetOpenbaarheidvanproductieenKetens.pdf. Accessed June 2006

  • Council for the Annual Reports: 2003, Annual Report Guideline 400 (Kluwer, Deventer)

  • Curlo, Eleonora (1999) Marketing Strategy, Product Safety, and Ethical Factors in Consumer Choice. Journal of Business Ethics XXI, 37–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deegan C., Rankin M. (1996) Do Australian companies report environmental news objectively An analysis of environmental disclosures by firms prosecuted successfully by the environmental protection authority. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 9:50–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubbink, W.: 2003, Assisting the Invisible Hand. (Issues in Business Ethics Series) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht)

  • Fung, A., E. Fagotto, M. Graham, D. Weil. (2006) “The Effectiveness of Regulatory Disclosure. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, XXVI/1, 155–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung, A., D. Weil, M. Graham and E. Fagotto: 2004, ‹The Political Economy of Transparency: What Makes Disclosure Effective?’, Working Paper OP-03-04, Harvard University, Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation

  • Global Reporting Initiative: 2002, Final Report of the Measurement Working Group

  • Graafland, J.J. (2002) Sourcing ethics in the textile sector: the case of C&A, Business Ethics: A European Review, 11: 282–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graafland, J.J. and S. Eijffinger (2004), Corporate social responsibility of Dutch companies: Benchmarking, transparency and robustness, De Economist, 152, 1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graafland, J.J., H. Smid (2004) Reputation, Corporate Social Responsibility and Market Regulation, Tijdschrift voor Economie en Management, XLIX, 271–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, R. (2001) Thirty years of social accounting, reporting and auditing: What (if anything) have we learned?. Business Ethics: A European Review X, 9–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Grip, A., J. van Loo and J. Sanders: 1999, ‹Employability in Nederland’, Economisch-Statistische Berichten LXXXIV, 116–118

  • Hafkamp, W. and G. Molenkamp: 1990, ‹Tussen Droom en Daad: Over Uitvoeren en Handhaven’ in Commissie Lange Termijn Milieubeleid (ed.), Het milieu: Denkbeelden voor de 21ste Eeuw. (Kerckebosch, Zeist), pp. 209–251

  • Hess D. (2007) Social reporting and new governance regulation: The prospects of achieving corporate accountability through transparency. Business Ethics Quarterly 1, 453–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, D. and T. W. Dunfee (2007) The Kasky-Nike threat to corporate social reporting: Implementing a standard of optimal truthful disclosure as a solution?. Business Ethics Quarterly 2, 5–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooghiemstra, R. (2000) Corporate communication and impression management: New perspectives why companies engage in social reporting, Journal of Business Ethics 2, 55–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaptein, M.: 2003, ‹De open onderneming: een bedrijfsethisch vraagstuk’, in M. Kaptein and J. Wempe (eds.), De Open Onderneming (ERIM, Erasmus University Rotterdam)

  • Keane J. (eds) (1988) Civil Society and the State. Verso, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolk, A., Tulder, R.van, I. Sloekers (2001) Werken gedragscodes kinderarbeid?. Economisch-Statistische Berichten LXXXVI, 160–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooiman, J. (eds) (1993) Modern Governance. New Government - Society Interactions. Sage, London

    Google Scholar 

  • KPMG: 2005, KPMG International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting 2005. Amsterdam

  • KPMG: 2006, ‹Carrots and Sticks for Starters. Current Trends and Approaches in Voluntary and Mandatory Standards for Sustainability Reporting’, http://www.unep.fr/outreach/reporting/docs/Public-UNEP-KPMG-Report-FIN.pdf

  • de Laat, P. B.: 2001, ‹Open source software: A new Mertonian ethos?’, in A. Vedder (ed.), Ethics and the Internet (Intersentia, Antwerpen-Groningen-Oxford), pp. 33–47

  • van Lamoen, C. and R. van Tulder: 2001, ‹Accepteren, aanmodderen of afwijzen’, Economisch-Statistische Berichten LXXXVI, 932–934

  • Lange, V.P.A. de, M.J. Winkler (2000) Social labelling and codes of conduct: a potential role for the Dutch government. Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid, The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  • Luhmann, N. 1988. Die Wirtschaft der Gesellschaft. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main

    Google Scholar 

  • Milieudefensie: 2005, ‹Wie van de drie is kampioen van de schone schijn?’, http://www.milieudefensie.nl/globalisering/activiteiten/schoneschijn. Accessed June 2006

  • Ministry of Economic Affairs (2004) Transparantie Benchmark. SDU, The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Economic Affairs: 2007, Terugblikken en vooruitzien. Voortgangsonderzoek Maatschappelijk Verantwoord Ondernemen (2001–2006) (SDU, The Hague)

  • MVOPlatform: 2006, ‹Maatschappelijk Verantwoord Ondernemen in uw verkiezingsprogramma 2007’, http://www.mvo-platform.nl/index.php?Option=com_content&task=view&id=151&Itemid=81&lang=nl_NL. Accessed June 2006

  • van Overfelt, W., M. Deloof and A. Vanstraelen: 2007, ‹The Quality of Unregulated Financial Reporting: Evidence from the Early 20th Century’, Working Paper, University Antwerp

  • Owen, D.L., T.A. Swift, C. Humphrey and M. Bowerman (2000) The new social audits: Accountability, managerial capture or the agenda of social champions?. The European Accounting Review IX, 81–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C.: 1920/1962, The Economics of Welfare, 4th edition (MacMillan, New York)

  • Rabin, M. (1998) Psychology and Economics. Journal of Economic Literature, XXXVI, 11–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhunka, J.C. and H. Boerstler (1998) Governmental incentives for corporate self-regulation. Journal of Business Ethics XVII, 309–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, A. G., G. Palazzo and D. Baumann: 2006, ‹Global Rules and Private Actors: Toward a New Role of the Transnational Corporation in Global Governance’, Business Ethics Quarterly XVI/4, 505–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultze C.L. (1977) The Public Use of Private Interest. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A.: 1776/1976, ‹An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Two Volumes’, in R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner (eds.) (Oxford University Press, Oxford)

  • Stone C.D. (1975) Where the Law Ends. The Social Control of Corporate Behaviour. Harper and Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Teubner, G. and Willke H. (1984) ‹Kontext und Autonomie: gesellschaftliche Selbststeuerung durch reflexives Recht.’ Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie 1VI/1, 4–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Vliet, M. van. (1992) Communicatieve besturing van het milieuhandelen van ondernemingen. Eburon, Delft

    Google Scholar 

  • VNO-NCW: 2006, Openheid van zaken. Zeven ondernemingen over communicatie met publiek (The Hague)

  • Walden, W.D. and Schwarz B.N. (1997) Environmental disclosures and public pressure policy. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy XVI, 125–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Weale, A. (1992) The New Politics of Pollution. Manchester University Press, Manchester

    Google Scholar 

  • Wartick, S. and Wood D. (1999) International Business & Society. Blackwell Business, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeager, P.C. (1991) The Limits of Law. The Public Regulation of Private Pollution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Mass

    Google Scholar 

  • Zadek, S., Prudan P., Evans R. (1997) Building Corporate Accountability. Earthscan Publications, London

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Wim Dubbink or Johan Graafland.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dubbink, W., Graafland, J. & van Liedekerke, L. CSR, Transparency and the Role of Intermediate Organisations. J Bus Ethics 82, 391–406 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9893-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9893-y

Keywords

Navigation