Granì (Mar 2020)
The structure of hermeneutic experience
Abstract
The applied aspects of philosophical hermeneutics in connection with the formation of a special hermeneutic space in modern humanitarian culture are considered. The concept of meaning and understanding inherent in the ancient philosophical tradition is analyzed, the terminological aspects of the concept of understanding in its practical plane are considered. The hermeneutic method and its use in the analysis of specific semantic formations is associated with the concept of metaphor, which can be considered as a mediastinum of hermeneutic experience. Hermeneutics is a special aspect or turn in the development of European philosophy, which includes all other levels: ontology, epistemology, transcendental phenomenology and language philosophy. It is language that is the source from which the very possibility of hermeneutics arises. Language is the medium of hermeneutic comprehension of the world and today we observe in modern philosophy the situation of the formation of hermeneutical environment, a special semantic space in which we comprehend all the philosophical systems of the past and present. The hermeneutics constantly raises the question: is understanding possible in principle? It is not even a matter of whether we can understand Hesiod or the Bible. The question is whether we can understand ourselves and what this actually means. How adequate is the expressed meaning to the subject himself? The fundamental basis of hermeneutics, its ability and its necessity is the presence of external and internal in a word, speech, sign, etc. The presence of hidden meaning, metaphoricality, connotations, polysemy, personal meaning, etc. – this makes hermeneutics possible, even regardless of its real achievements. Here the principles of F. Schleiermacher are quite appropriate: 1. Everything that is subject to interpretation should be determined only from the language of the author and the original circle of readers. 2. The meaning of every word in a given place should be determined by its connection with the meaning of the context. For example, the Greek logos may mean, in various contexts, reason and law, prose and the Savior, which is, in general, a traditional problem of translation and translators. As a result, it should be noted that the problem of stratification of hermeneutic experience is fundamental for understanding the very essence of hermeneutics. This experience is not a separate form of it, at present we can talk about the fact that it permeates all humanitarian knowledge, which allows us to talk about the formation of a special hermeneutic cultural, semantic, semantic space in which any person should make sense. This attitude allows a completely different look at the role and tasks of hermeneutics on the way of turning it into a universal philosophical methodology.
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