본 연구는 현대 문명담론을 생태학적 세계화 차원에서 체계화하기 위해 기획된 것이다. 아울러 단․복수론의 궁극적 지평의 융합으로서 메타 이론적 학문 토대를 기초함은 물론 최종적으로는 인간과 자연, 중심과 주변, 서구와 비서구 등의 이분화적 갈등 구도를 파기하고 생태학적 관계성 회복을 전제하는 생태문명학의 정립을 그 목표로 한다. 현재 인류가 직면한 여러 생태학적 위기는 단순한 물리적인 환경의 파괴를 넘어 더 많은 함의를 지닌다. 금세기 생태학적 진단은 계몽주의와 산업 혁명에 연원한 현대 문명의 여러 폐단들에 대한 뼈아픈 반성을 수렴하는 것이다. 생태 문명의 건설은 생태 회복과 관리뿐만 아니라 전체적인 사회 문화 양식의 혁신과 관련된다. 또한 여기에는 세계화를 촉발시킨 서구 근대성에 대한 비판이 담겨 있다. 왜냐하면 근대성은 인간과 자연, 인간과 인간, 서양과 동양이라는 제 존재의 관계망들을 파편화함으로써 현대 문명의 위기를 초래한 진원지로 지적되기 때문이다.
이렇게 타자와의 관계성을 배제하는 이원적 근대성은 단수적 문명의 진보 신념으로 이어진다. 서구의 문명 개념에 내포된 ‘진보 대 야만’의 구획 의식은 단선적 진보사관에 연원한 서구보편주의의 세계적 동질화 과정의 근저를 이룬다. 그리고 여기에는 서구 문명의 패권을 강제하는 강권주의 논리가 함의되어 있다. 현재의 서구문명강권주의가 근대성의 닫힘과 두절의 이항 대립 의식에 근거한다면 무엇보다도 상호 주체적 연결 고리를 인정하는 생태 지향적 근대성으로서의 열림과 소통의 인식 전환이 이루어져야 한다. 이것은 복수적 근대성에 기초한 범 인류 중심의 생태학적 관계망을 담보하는 ‘세계주의 시각’의 전일적 문명관을 요구하는 것이다. 우리가 염원하는 새로운 문명관은 인권과 생명에 위해를 가하는 일체의 강권에 대한 저항과 해체에 있다. 아울러 인류의 평화와 공존을 위해 세계인이 합심해 노력해야 한다는 상호 주체적 평등 관계를 기초로 한 세계주의적 ‘생태문명’, 즉 세계 문명 중심의 다문명적 공존주의 문명관의 각성과 구축에 있다. 이처럼 생태학적 문명관은 문명 사이의 상호 관계에 관한 어떤 규범적 패러다임을 설정하는 토대가 된다.
강조컨대 현대 문명의 내핵인 근대주의가 공존 이념과 어울리지 않는다는 점에서 공생공영의 이념을 일반화하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 인간중심주의적 근대주의 문화를 비판하고 청산해야 할 것이다. 이를 위해서는 주객 이분법을 타파하고 주체와 객체 간의 새로운 관계 설정이 중요하다. 이른바 대자연이 최고의 주체라는 자연중심주의로 회귀해야 한다. 그리고 자연 속의 모든 존재들이 저마다의 주체성을 소유하며 때문에 삼라만상이 존재의 가치와 권리가 있음을 인정해야 한다. 이를 달리 말하면 ‘자연 중심의 다주체적 공생주의 자연관’이라 할 수 있다. 이 자연관을 문명론으로 치환해볼 때 ‘세계 문명 중심의 다문명적 공존주의 문명관’ 건설의 토대로 활용할 수 있다. 생태와 문명의 교차점에는 세계 문명의 소통으로서의 ‘생태문명학’이 자리한다. 자연 중심적 세계관으로의 전회는 특정한 패권 문명 중심에서 세계 문명 중심으로의 인식 전환과 함께 그 동안 주체와 중심의 그늘에 가려져 억눌리고 소외당했던 객체와 주변의 복권을 의미한다.
특히 서구의 이분법적 차별 구도는 근대성과 접맥된 세계화 이론에 깊이 착근되어 있다. 현재의 세계 문명은 ‘세계성 대 지역성’ 내지는 ‘근대성 대 전통성’이 대립하면서 서로 거대한 압력을 행사하는 각축장이 되고 있다. 이것은 단수적 보편 문명의 세계적 일체화와 복수적 개별 문명의 자기정체성 강화의 문제로 확대 해석할 수 있다. 이로 보건대 세계화와 관련된 현대 문명담론의 최대 관건은 단․복수적 문명론의 역사순기능적인 면을 동시에 구현시킬 수 있는 보편문명론과 문명다원주의의 화해와 회통에 있다. 즉 현재와 미래의 세계는 단일의 보편 문명과 고유한 특징을 지닌 복수의 개별 문명들이 중층적으로 공존한다고 보고 ‘문명다원주의를 그 전제로 한 보편 문명에의 지향’으로 정리할 수가 있다. 또한 ‘보편 문명’이 태생적으로 서구제국주의와 접맥된다는 점에서 다원성과 타자성을 감내하는 생명관적 자애로운 보편주의가 확보되어야 한다. 본 논고에서는 이 명제들의 충족 논거로서 생태문명학의 핵심 규범과 운용 요칙 들을 각각 제시했다.
This study aims to systematize the modern discourse of civilization in terms of ecological globalization. In addition, it aims to be base of the meta theoretical academic foundation as fusion of ultimate horizons of singular theory․plural theory and eventually, to destroy the dichotomous conflict structure such as human and natural, central and peripheral, Western and Non-Western etc. and to establish the ecological civilizational studies based on the recovery of ecological relations. The various crisis that mankind is facing at the present has more implications over simple physical destroy of environment. The ecological diagnosis in this century collects the deep regret about the various evils of modern civilization caused by enlightenment and industrial revolution. The construction of ecology civilization is related to restoration and management of ecology and overall innovation of social cultural forms. It also includes criticism about Western modernity which triggered the globalization. Because, modernity is regarded as the source which causes the crisis of modern civilization by changing the networks between the human and natural, human and human, West and East into the fragments. Thus, the dualistic modernity which excludes the relationships with others is connected to the progressive faith of the singular civilization. The block consciousness of 'progress vs savagery' included in Western civilization concept is base of the progress of global homogenization of Western universalism caused by the unilinear progressive view. And the logic of authoritarianism which forces hegemony of Western civilization is implicated. If the current Western civilization authoritarianism is based on the binary oppositions consciousness of opening & closing of modernity, above all, the conversion of recognition of opening & closing as ecology oriented modernity recognizing the mutual subjective link should be accomplished. This demands the monistic view of civilization of 'view of cosmopolitanism' which covers the ecological network focusing on humankind based on plural modernity. A new view of civilization that we desire means resistance to authority about general authority which harms to human rights and life. And also it means awareness and construction of cosmopolitan 'ecological civilization', the view of civilization with the principle of multicivilizational coexistence stressing world's civilization, based on mutually subjective and equal relationship with the efforts of the people all over the world for mankind's peace and coexistence. Thus, the ecological view of civilization becomes the foundation to set certain normative paradigm about mutual relationship between civilizations. As emphasizing, the human-centered liberal modernist culture should be criticized and removed above all in order to generalize the multicultural ideology of public service in that the modernism as the inner core of modern civilization is inappropriate to Co-ideals. To achieve this goal, the dichotomy between principal and auxiliary should be conquered, and new relationship must be set between the dichotomy of subject and object. So-called, it should be regressed into the nature-centric that means the nature is the best subject. In addition, it should be recognized that all beings in nature have each identity, so all creations have value and rights of the ownership. In other words, this can be called the 'nature-oriented multi-civilizational principle of co-existence view of civilization.' Substituting this view of nature for the civilization theory, it can be applied as the foundation of the construction of the 'global civilization centered multi-civilizational principle of co-existence view of civilization.' The 'ecological civilizational studies' is in the crossing of the ecology and civilization as the communication of a global civilization. The revolution as the natural-centered world view means the rehabilitation of the object and the surrounding that has been depressed and excluded behind the shadow of the subject and centering so far as conversion of recognition from the center of particular hegemonic civilization to the center of global civilization. Especially, the discriminal construction of Western dichotomy is connected to globalization theory deeply which is related to the modernity. The current global civilization is the arena of competition that the 'internationalism vs locality' or 'modernity vs traditionality' exert enormous pressure as opposed. It can be overanalyzed as problem of strengthening the self-identity of global integration and plural individual civilization of the singular universal civilization. From these results, the biggest crucial issue of the modern discourse of civilization related to globalization is reconciliation and super communication between the theory of universal civilization and civilization pluralism that can implements the historical right functional aspects of the singular․plural civilization theory simultaneously. Namely, the current and future world can be considered that the singular universal civilization and the plural individual civilizations with unique features are co-existed in the middle way, and it can be defined as 'the innate respect for universal civilization based on civilization pluralism.' In addition, the benevolent universalism in the life galleries which endures pluralism and otherness should be secured in terms of that the 'universal civilization' is connected to the Western imperialism innately. This study presented core rules and management regulations of the ecological civilizational studies as the basis of an argument of these propositions.
This study aims to systematize the modern discourse of civilization in terms of ecological globalization. In addition, it aims to be base of the meta theoretical academic foundation as fusion of ultimate horizons of singular theory․plural theory and eventually, to destroy the dichotomous conflict structure such as human and natural, central and peripheral, Western and Non-Western etc. and to establish the ecological civilizational studies based on the recovery of ecological relations. The various crisis that mankind is facing at the present has more implications over simple physical destroy of environment. The ecological diagnosis in this century collects the deep regret about the various evils of modern civilization caused by enlightenment and industrial revolution. The construction of ecology civilization is related to restoration and management of ecology and overall innovation of social cultural forms. It also includes criticism about Western modernity which triggered the globalization. Because, modernity is regarded as the source which causes the crisis of modern civilization by changing the networks between the human and natural, human and human, West and East into the fragments. Thus, the dualistic modernity which excludes the relationships with others is connected to the progressive faith of the singular civilization. The block consciousness of 'progress vs savagery' included in Western civilization concept is base of the progress of global homogenization of Western universalism caused by the unilinear progressive view. And the logic of authoritarianism which forces hegemony of Western civilization is implicated. If the current Western civilization authoritarianism is based on the binary oppositions consciousness of opening & closing of modernity, above all, the conversion of recognition of opening & closing as ecology oriented modernity recognizing the mutual subjective link should be accomplished. This demands the monistic view of civilization of 'view of cosmopolitanism' which covers the ecological network focusing on humankind based on plural modernity. A new view of civilization that we desire means resistance to authority about general authority which harms to human rights and life. And also it means awareness and construction of cosmopolitan 'ecological civilization', the view of civilization with the principle of multicivilizational coexistence stressing world's civilization, based on mutually subjective and equal relationship with the efforts of the people all over the world for mankind's peace and coexistence. Thus, the ecological view of civilization becomes the foundation to set certain normative paradigm about mutual relationship between civilizations. As emphasizing, the human-centered liberal modernist culture should be criticized and removed above all in order to generalize the multicultural ideology of public service in that the modernism as the inner core of modern civilization is inappropriate to Co-ideals. To achieve this goal, the dichotomy between principal and auxiliary should be conquered, and new relationship must be set between the dichotomy of subject and object. So-called, it should be regressed into the nature-centric that means the nature is the best subject. In addition, it should be recognized that all beings in nature have each identity, so all creations have value and rights of the ownership. In other words, this can be called the 'nature-oriented multi-civilizational principle of co-existence view of civilization.' Substituting this view of nature for the civilization theory, it can be applied as the foundation of the construction of the 'global civilization centered multi-civilizational principle of co-existence view of civilization.' The 'ecological civilizational studies' is in the crossing of the ecology and civilization as the communication of a global civilization. The revolution as the natural-centered world view means the rehabilitation of the object and the surrounding that has been depressed and excluded behind the shadow of the subject and centering so far as conversion of recognition from the center of particular hegemonic civilization to the center of global civilization. Especially, the discriminal construction of Western dichotomy is connected to globalization theory deeply which is related to the modernity. The current global civilization is the arena of competition that the 'internationalism vs locality' or 'modernity vs traditionality' exert enormous pressure as opposed. It can be overanalyzed as problem of strengthening the self-identity of global integration and plural individual civilization of the singular universal civilization. From these results, the biggest crucial issue of the modern discourse of civilization related to globalization is reconciliation and super communication between the theory of universal civilization and civilization pluralism that can implements the historical right functional aspects of the singular․plural civilization theory simultaneously. Namely, the current and future world can be considered that the singular universal civilization and the plural individual civilizations with unique features are co-existed in the middle way, and it can be defined as 'the innate respect for universal civilization based on civilization pluralism.' In addition, the benevolent universalism in the life galleries which endures pluralism and otherness should be secured in terms of that the 'universal civilization' is connected to the Western imperialism innately. This study presented core rules and management regulations of the ecological civilizational studies as the basis of an argument of these propositions.
