Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-07T03:41:39.060Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Imposters, Tricksters, and Trustworthiness as an Epistemic Virtue

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2020

Abstract

This paper argues that trustworthiness is an epistemic virtue that promotes objectivity. I show that untrustworthy imposture can be an arrogant act of privilege that silences marginalized voices. But, as epistemologists of ignorance have shown, sometimes trickery and the betrayal of epistemic norms are important resistance strategies. This raises the question: when is betrayal of trust epistemically virtuous? After establishing that trust is central to objectivity, I argue for the following answer: a betrayal is epistemically vicious when it strengthens or promotes oppressive, exclusive networks of trust, and a betrayal is epistemically virtuous when it expands trust networks to involve the oppressed. These criteria correctly account for both the epistemic vice of a recent case of Internet imposture and the epistemic virtue of resistant tricksters.

Type
Open Issue Content
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 by Hypatia, Inc.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

I thank Sarah Hoagland, Anne Leighton, Jacqueline Anderson, Cory Andrews, Sarah Berry, Stacey Philbrick Yadav, the works‐in‐progress group and the Philosophy department at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, audiences at the Society for Analytical Feminism and FEMMSS4, and two anonymous reviewers for Hypatia for helpful feedback on this paper.

References

A gay girl in Damascus”: How the hoax unfolded. 2011. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/8572884/A-Gay-Girl-in-Damascus-howthe-hoax-unfolded.html (accessed June 27, 2011).Google Scholar
A lesbian blogger in Syria tells all. 2011. Women's revolution. http://newsfeed.time.com/2011/05/10/a-gay-girl-in-damascus-lesbian-blogger-becomes-syrian-hero/ (accessed October 25, 2012).Google Scholar
Abbas, Ali, and Boundaoui, Assia. 2011. A gay (straight) girl (man) in Damascus (Edinburgh): The politics behind the roleplay. KABOBfest. http://www.kabobfest.com/2011/06/a-gay-girl-in-damascus.html (accessed March 4, 2012).Google Scholar
Alcoff, Linda. 1991/1992. The problem of speaking for others. Cultural Critique 20 (Winter): 532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Elizabeth. 2006. The epistemology of democracy. Episteme 3 (1): 822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aristotle 1969. Nicomachean ethics. Trans. Irwin, Terence. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett.Google Scholar
Bady, Aaron. 2011. This is the face. Zunguzungu. http://zunguzungu.wordpress.com/2011/06/13/this-is-the-face/ (accessed March 4, 2012).Google Scholar
Baier, Annette. 1994. Moral prejudices. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bailey, Alison. 2007. Strategic ignorance. In Race and epistemologies of ignorance, ed. Sullivan, Shannon and Tuana, Nancy. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
BBC News. 2011. Gay girl in Damascus: Tom MacMaster defends blog hoax. BBC News Scotland. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-13747761 (accessed August 11, 2012).Google Scholar
Bell, Melissa, and Flock, Elizabeth. 2011. “A gay girl in Damascus” comes clean. Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/a-gay-girl-in-damascus-comes-clean/2011/06/12/AGkyH0RH_story_1.html (accessed July 24, 2011).Google Scholar
Bettcher, Talia M. 2007. Evil deceivers and make‐believers: On transphobic violence and the politics of illusion. Hypatia 22 (3): 4365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Code, Lorraine. 1987. Epistemic responsibility. Hanover, N.H.: Brown University Press.Google Scholar
Code, Lorraine. 2006. Ecological thinking: The politics of epistemic location. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, Patricia Hill. 1986. Learning from the outsider within: The sociological significance of black feminist thought. Social Problems 33 (6): 1432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daukas, Nancy. 2006. Epistemic trust and social location. Episteme 3 (1–2): 109–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daukas, Nancy. 2011. Altogether now: A virtue‐theoretic approach to pluralism in feminist epistemology. In Feminist epistemology and philosophy of science, ed. Grasswick, Heidi. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Fricker, Miranda. 2007. Epistemic injustice: Power and ethics in knowing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fusco, Coco. 1995. English is broken here: Notes on the cultural fusion in the Americas. New York: The New Press.Google Scholar
Grasswick, Heidi. 2011. Liberatory epistemology and the sharing of knowledge: Querying the norms. In Feminist epistemology and philosophy of science, ed. Grasswick, Heidi. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamwi, Sami, and Nassar, Daniel. 2011. From Damascus with love: Blogging in a totalitarian state. LGBT Asylum News. http://madikazemi.blogspot.com/2011/06/from-damascus-with-love-blogging-in.html (accessed May 19, 2014).Google Scholar
Harding, Sandra. 1991. Whose science? Whose knowledge?. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hardwig, John. 1991. The role of trust in knowledge. Journal of Philosophy 88 (12): 693708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heldke, Lisa. 1997. On being a responsible traitor. In Daring to be good: Essays in feminist ethico‐politics, ed. Bar On, Bat‐Ami and Ferguson, Ann. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Henry, Liz. 2011. Painful doubts about Amina. Composite. http://bookmaniac.org/painful-doubts-about-amina/ (accessed March 3, 2012).Google Scholar
Hoagland, Sarah. 1988. Lesbian ethics. Palo Alto, Calif.: Institute of Lesbian Studies.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoagland, Sarah. 2001. Resisting rationality. In Engendering rationalities, ed. Tuana, Nancy and Morgen, Sandra. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Hoagland, Sarah. 2007. Denying relationality: Epistemology and ethics and ignorance. In Race and epistemologies of ignorance, ed. Sullivan, Shannon and Tuana, Nancy. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Intemann, Kristen. 2010. 25 years of feminist empiricism and standpoint theory: Where are we now? Hypatia 25 (4): 778–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Karen. 2012a. The politics of intellectual self‐trust. Social Epistemology 26 (2): 237–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Karen. 2012b. Trustworthiness. Ethics 123 (1): 6185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khondker, Habibul H. 2011. Role of the new media in the Arab Spring. Globalizations 8 (5): 675–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazar, Shira. 2011. “A gay girl in Damascus” bravely blogs and builds online following from Syria. CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504943_162-20060462-10391715.html (accessed June 27, 2011).Google Scholar
Lee, Emily S. 2011. The epistemology of the question of authenticity, in place of strategic essentialism. Hypatia 26 (2): 258–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longino, Helen. 1990. Science as social knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Longino, Helen. 2002. The fate of knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lugones, María. 2003. Pilgrimages/peregrinajes: Theorizing coalition against multiple oppressions. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
MacMaster, Tom. 2011. “A gay girl in Damascus”: an illusion: Apology to readers. A Gay Girl in Damascus. http://damascusgaygirl.blogspot.com/2011/06/apology-to-readers_13.html (accessed June 27, 2011).Google Scholar
Mills, Charles W. 1997. The racial contract. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Mohanty, Chandra T. 2003. Under western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourses. In Feminism without borders: Decolonizing theory, practicing solidarity. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nassar, Daniel. 2011. Foreign policy: Damascus still has gay girls. NPR.org. http://www.npr.org/2011/06/16/137217280/foreign-policy-damascus-still-has-gay-girls (accessed March 30, 2012).Google Scholar
Ortega, Mariana. 2006. Being lovingly, knowingly ignorant: White feminism and women of color. Hypatia 21 (3): 5674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potter, Nancy N. 2002. How can I be trusted?. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Read, Max. 2011. “A gay girl in Damascus” is actually a married guy in Edinburgh. Gawker. http://gawker.com/5811169/a-gay-girl-in-damascus-is-actually-a-married-guy-in-edinburgh (accessed March 30, 2012).Google Scholar
Rolin, Kristina. 2006. The bias paradox in feminist standpoint epistemology. Episteme 1 (2): 125–36.Google Scholar
Scheman, Naomi. 2001. Epistemology resuscitated: Objectivity as trustworthiness. In Engendering rationalities, ed. Tuana, Nancy and Morgen, Sandra. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Solomon, Miriam. 2006. Norms of epistemic diversity. Episteme 3 (1): 2336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Margaret Urban. 2006. Moral repair: Reconstructing moral relations after wrongdoing. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittle, Stephen. 1998. The trans‐cyberian mail way. Social & Legal Studies 7 (3): 389408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wylie, Alison. 2003. Why standpoint matters. In Science and other cultures, ed. Figueroa, Robert and Harding, Sandra. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar