Skip to main content
Log in

Semantic Bootstrapping of Type-Logical Grammar

  • Published:
Journal of Logic, Language and Information Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A two-stage procedure is described which induces type-logical grammar lexicons from sentences annotated with skeletal terms of the simply typed lambda calculus. First, a generalized formulae-as-types correspondence is exploited to obtain all the type-logical proofs of the sample sentences from their lambda terms. The resulting lexicons are then optimally unified. The first stage constitutes the semantic bootstrapping (Pinker, Language Learnability and Language Development, Harvard University Press, 1984), while the unification procedure of Buszkowski and Penn represents a first attempt at structure-dependent distributional learning of the syntactic and semantic categories. This effort extends earlier induction procedures (Buszkowski and Penn, 1990, Studia Logica 49, 431–454; Kanazawa, 1998, CSLI Publications and the European Association for Logic, Language and Information) for classical categorial grammar to at first the non-associative Lambek calculus, and then to a large class of type logics enriched by modal operators and structural rules.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adriaans, P., 1992, Language Learning from a Categorial Perspective, Academisch Proefschrift, Universiteit van Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adriaans, P. and de Haas, E., 2000, “Grammar induction as substructural logic programming,” pp. 127–142 in J. Cussens and S. Džeroski, eds., Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajdukiewicz, K., 1935, “Die syntaktische Konnexität,” Studia Philosophica 1, 1–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Hillel, Y., 1953, “A quasi-arithmetical notation for syntactic description,” Language 29, 47–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergström, D., 1995, “Generalising Categorial Grammar Discovery,” Manuscript, Barcelona.

  • Bonato, R. and Retore, C., 2001, “Learning rigid Lambek grammars and minimalist grammars from structured sentences,” in L. Popelinsky and M. Nepil, eds., Proceedings of the Third Learning Language in Logic (LLL) Workshop, Brno, Czech Republic, Technical Report FIMU-RS-2001-08.

  • Buszkowski, W., 1987, “Discovery procedures for categorial grammars,” pp. 36–64 in E. Klein and J. van Benthem, eds., Categories, Polymorphism, and Unification, Universiteit van Amsterdam and University of Edinburgh.

  • Buszkowski, W. and Penn, G., 1990, “Categorial grammars determined from linguistic data by unification,” Studia Logica 49, 431–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, B.: 1999, “The Turing-completeness of multimodal categorial grammars,” in, J. Gerbrandy, M. Marx, M. de Rijke, and Y. Venema, eds., JFAK: Essays Dedicated to Johan van Benthem on the Occasion of his 50th Birthday, Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, University of Amsterdam. Available on CD-ROM at http://turing.wins.uva.nl

  • Church, A., 1940, “A formulation of a simple theory of types,” Journal of Symbolic Logic 5, 56–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cussens, J. and Džeroski, S., eds., 2000, Learning Language in Logic, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dudau-Sofronie, D., Tellier, I. and Tommasi, M., 2001, “From logic to grammars via types,” pp. 35–46 in L. Popelinsky and M. Nepil, eds., Proceedings of the Third Learning Language in Logic (LLL) Workshop, Brno, Czech Republic, Technical Report FIMU-RS-2001-08.

  • Dunn, J. M., 1993, “Partial Gaggles Applied to Logics with Restricted Structural Rules,” pp. 63–108 in K. Došen and P. Schroeder-Heister, eds., Substructural Logics, Oxford University Press.

  • Fulop, S.A., 2003, “Discovering a new class of languages,” in: Proceedings of Mathematics of Language 8, Available online at the MOL website.

  • Fulop, S.A., 2004a, “Learnability of type-logical grammars,” in L. Moss and G.-J. Kruijff, eds., Proceedings of Formal Grammars/Mathematics of Language 2001, Vol. 53 of Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. Elsevier. To appear.

  • Fulop, S.A., 2004b, “Mathematical results on syntactic learnability,” in J. Cihlar, A. Franklin, D. Kaiser and I. Kimbara, eds., Proceedings of the 39th Conference of the Chicago Linguistic Society, Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society. To appear.

  • Fulop, S.A., 2004c, On the Logic and Learning of Language, Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford. To appear.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentzen, G., 1934, “Untersuchungen über das logische Schliessen,” Math. Zeitschrift 39, 176–210, 405–431. English translation in cite(Szabo1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gold, E.M., 1967, “Language identification in the limit,” Information and Control 10, 447–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimshaw, J., 1981, “Form, function, and the language acquisition device,” in C.L. Baker and J.J. McCarthy, eds., The Logical Problem of Language Acquisition, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hindley, J.R., 1997, Basic Simple Type Theory, Cambridge University Press.

  • Howard, W.A., 1980, “The formulas-as-types notion of construction,” pp. 479–490 in J.P. Seldin and J.R. Hindley, eds., To H. B. Curry: Essays on Combinatory Logic, Lambda Calculus and Formalism, New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Husserl, E., 1913, Logische Untersuchungen, Vol. II. Halle: M. Niemeyer, 2nd German edition. “Investigation IV: The distinction between independent and non-independent meanings and the idea of pure grammar,” from the 1970 English edition translated by J. N. Findlay.

  • Jäger, G., 2003, “On the generative capacity of multi-modal categorial grammars,” Research on Language and Computation 1, 105–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jäger, G., 2004, “Residuation, structural rules and context freeness,” Journal of Logic, Language and Information 13, 47–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanazawa, M., 1998, Learnable Classes of Categorial Grammars, Studies in Logic, Language and Information. CSLI Publications and the European Association for Logic, Language and Information.

  • Keenan, E.L. and Faltz, L.M., 1985, Boolean Semantics for Natural Language, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraak, E., 1998, “A deductive account of French object clitics,” in E. Hinrichs, A. Kathol, and T. Nakazawa, eds., Complex Predicates, Academic Press.

  • Lambek, J., 1958, “The mathematics of sentence structure,” American Mathematical Monthly 65, 154–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambek, J., 1961, “On the calculus of syntactic types,” pp. 166–178 in R. Jakobson, ed., Structure of Language and its Mathematical Aspects. Providence, RI, American Mathematical Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moortgat, M., 1997, “Categorial Type Logics,” in J. van Benthem and A. ter Meulen, eds., Handbook of Logic and Language, Elsevier.

  • Moortgat, M., 1999, “Meaningful patterns,” in J. Gerbrandy, M. Marx, M. de Rijke, and Y. Venema, eds., JFAK: Essays Dedicated to Johan van Benthem on the Occasion of his 50th Birthday, Institute for Logic, Language, and Computation, University of Amsterdam. Available on CD-ROM at http://turing.wins.uva.nl

  • Morrill, G.V., 1994, Type Logical Grammar: Categorial Logic of Signs, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, M. and Briscoe, T., 1998, “Learning Stochastic Categorial Grammars,” in T.M. Ellison, ed., Proceedings of CoNLL, Somerset, NJ, Association for Computational Linguistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinker, S., 1984, Language Learnability and Language Development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siskind, J., 1991, “Dispelling myths about language bootstrapping,” Manuscript, MIT AI Laboratory.

  • Szabo, M., 1969, The Collected Papers of Gerhard Gentzen, Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tellier, I., 1999, “Towards a semantic-based theory of language learning,” pp. 217–222 in Proceedings of the 12th Amsterdam Colloquium.

  • Thrax, D., 100 BC, Grammatica, in I. Bekker, ed., Anecdota Graeca, Berlin, 1816.

  • van Benthem, J., 1988, ‘The semantics of variety in categorial grammar,” pp. 37–55 in W. Buszkowski, W. Marciszewski, and J. van Benthem, eds., Categorial Grammar, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Benthem, J., 1991, Language in Action, Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wansing, H., 1992, “Formulas-as-types for a hierarchy of sublogics of intuitionist propositional logic,” pp. 125–145 in D. Pearce and H. Wansing, eds., Non-classical Logics and Information Processing, Vol. 619 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkinson, S. and Manandhar, S., 2000, “Unsupervised lexical learning with categorial grammars using the LLL corpus,” pp. 218–233 in Cussens and Džeroski.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sean A. Fulop.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fulop, S.A. Semantic Bootstrapping of Type-Logical Grammar. J Logic Lang Inf 14, 49–86 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10849-005-4509-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10849-005-4509-8

Keywords

Navigation