The Social Psychology of ScienceWilliam R. Shadish, Steve Fuller The social psychology of science is a compelling new area of study whose shape is still emerging. This erudite and innovative book outlines a theoretical and methodological agenda for this new field, and bridges the gap between the individually focused aspects of psychology and the sociological elements of science studies. Presenting a side of social psychology that, until now, has received almost no attention in the social sciences literature, this volume offers the first detailed and comprehensive study of the social psychology of science, complete with a large number of empirical and theoretical examples. The volume's introductory section provides a detailed analysis of how modern social psychology might apply to the study of science. Chapters show how to analyze science in terms of social cognition, attribution theory, attitudes and attitude change, social motivation, social influence and social conformity, and intergroup relations, weaving extensive illustrations from the science studies literature into the theoretical analysis. The nature and role of experimentation are discussed, as are metaanalytic methods for summarizing the results of multiple studies. Ways to facilitate the generalization of causal inferences from experimental work are also examined. The book focuses on such topics as interactions among small groups of scientists, and the impact of social motivation, influence, and conformity on scientific work. Also covered are scientists' responses to ethical issues in research, differences in cognitive style distribution, creativity in research and development, and the sociologists's view of the social psychology of science and technology. In addition, the book provides two annotated bibliographies, one on the philosophy of science and the other on social psychology, to guide readers in both disciplines to salient recent works. Valuable to the entire science studies community, this text will be of special interest to philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, and historians of science interested in the nature of knowledge development in science. Because of its novel application of social psychological theories and methods, this book will be useful as a primary text or a secondary text in courses on science studies in psychology, sociology, or philosophy departments. |
Contents
Toward an Experimental Social Psychology of | 181 |
The SocialCognitive Bases of Scientific | 197 |
MetaAnalysis and Some ScienceCompromising | 230 |
Agreement and | 262 |
Scientists Response to Ethical Issues in Research | 286 |
Characterizing Niches and Strata in Science by | 300 |
Creativity in | 316 |
Common terms and phrases
Amabile analysis Asch attitudes attribution attribution theory behavior beliefs bias biases Cambridge Campbell cards causal Chapter Chicago cognitive psychology cognitive styles concept confirmation confirmation bias consensus creativity criticism Devonian controversy disconfirmation disconfirmatory ecological validity effects empirical epistemic epistemology Erlbaum ethical evaluation example experimental explain factors Fuller Gholson Houts human hypotheses ical individual scientists interaction interest issues Journal of Personality judgments Kruglanski Kuhn laboratory majority ment meta-analysis metascience methodology minority influence Moscovici motivation Neimeyer norms paradigm perception Personality and Social perspective philosophers philosophy of science position problem processes psychol psychology of science relevant replication role Rosenthal science studies scientific knowledge Shadish situation social cognition Social Epistemology social influence social psychology social sciences sociologists sociology sociology of science STEVE FULLER strategy subjects suggests task theory tion Tweney University Press validity variables Woolgar York