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Analytic philosophy in Japan 1933–2000

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Abstract

Although logical positivism had been known before World War II, it was introduced into academic philosophy in Japan only after it. In this process, the US philosophers who came to Japan in order to participate in American Studies Seminar played an important role (Section 2). The first generation of Japanese analytic philosophers, who were born in the 1920s and 1930s, began to have some influence in the 1960s, and some of them published original works of high quality in the 1970s. The second generation of analytic philosophers were born in the 1940s and 1950s. They began to teach in the 1970s and 1980s, and went on to publish papers and books in analytic philosophy. For many years, analytic philosophy had been known as kagaku tetsugaku, which may mean either philosophy of science or scientific philosophy. It had been frequently criticized as “non-philosophy.” Analytic philosophy, however, has changed the style of philosophical discussion and made it possible to form a language that is sufficient to express philosophical ideas and arguments in an intelligible way.

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Notes

  1. Russell was invited to visit Japan by a Tokyo publisher in 1921. This may explain the fact that a number of translations of his writings were published around this year.

  2. In this article, Japanese names are written by putting the family name first, followed by the given name, except when authors adopt the English style in their writings in English as the present authors do. Books and papers in Japanese are referred to by the titles translated into English. Their original Japanese titles are given in Reference section. When the English titles are indicated by the authors or publishers, we followed them with some exceptions.

  3. He said it was 1931.

  4. He told Nakamura Hidekichi that he heard about the existence of the Circle from Terada Torahiko (1878–1935), a physicist who is famous for essays that combine science and literature.

  5. There had been a predecessor society founded in 1928.

  6. In 1955, it was held as Kyoto Seminar in American Studies.

  7. White wrote a moving memoir of his experience in Japan and friendship with philosophers there. Morton White & Lucia White, Journeys to the Japanese, 1952–1979, (1986).

  8. For the influence of the Cold War on philosophy of science in the USA, see George A. Reisch, How the Cold War Transformed Philosophy of Science, (2005), Cambridge University Press.

  9. They were translations of The Revolution in Philosophy (Ayer et al. 1956) and The Nature of Metaphysics (Pears 1957).

  10. This paper was later reprinted in Philosophy in the Age of Science (1964) and read widely.

  11. Wittgenstein had been not unknown in Japan before. He was mentioned in a report of contemporary philosophical scene in Germany published in 1931 (Sato 1931) in the same journal as Ohmori’s paper was in. In 1934, a grammarian Koshimizu Minoru (1906–1986) summarized the contents of Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (Wittgenstein 1922) in his paper “Survey of logical grammar” (Koshimizu 1934).

  12. Its translator Hanada Keisuke (1922–1996) had a sympathy for analytic philosophy at first, but became critical of it later.

  13. Yoshida’s Logic was published by Baifukan, but it was one of the series of mathematical books as we noted above.

  14. In this, Japanese analytic philosophers were still very much under the influence of logical positivism, though the reappraisal of traditional philosophers and problems was going on in Anglophone analytic philosophy at that time.

  15. In a posthumously published book Action and Norm (1992) Kuroda discussed the foundations of ethics from the point of view of the philosophy of action. Ethics in analytic tradition was well known by 1980. There was a survey Modern Anglophone Ethics (1963) by Iwasaki Takeo (1913–1976). G. E. Moore’s Principia Ethica (1903) and C. L. Stevenson’s Ethics and Language (1944) were translated respectively in 1973 and 1976.

  16. Two supplementary volumes were published later in 1985 and 1988.

  17. This succeeding colloquium has not been held for several years, because there are now other venues for meetings of analytic philosophy in Kansai area.

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  1. Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

    Takashi Iida

  2. Department of Philosophy, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan

    Tomohisa Furuta

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Iida, T., Furuta, T. Analytic philosophy in Japan 1933–2000. AJPH 1, 30 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44204-022-00032-4

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