Resumos
Ao contrário do que leituras rápidas de Nietzsche sugerem, o perspectivismo nietzschiano limita-se apenas na aparência à esfera teorética. Na verdade, Nietzsche também relaciona o perspectivismo com sua análise dos valores e, no geral, com a crítica da moralidade. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma visão ampla daquilo que poderia ser chamado de "perspectivismo moral" em Nietzsche. Como meio de responder a questão sobre que tipo de filosofia prática deriva do perspectivismo nietzschiano, teremos como foco duas visões que erroneamente se seguem dele: um individualismo radical e um forte relativismo.
perspectivismo; moralidade; individualismo; relativismo
Contrary to what a superficial reading of Nietzsche might suggest, Nietzsche's perspectivism is only apparently limited to the theoretical sphere. In fact, Nietzsche also relates perspectivism with his analysis of values and, more in general, with his critique of morality. The aim of the present paper is to present an overview of what might be called Nietzsche's "moral perspectivism". In order to answer the question about what kind of practical philosophy derives from Nietzsche's perspectivism, we shall focus the attention on two views which are erroneously believed to follow from it: radical individualism and strong relativism.
Perspectivism; morality; individualism; relativism
-
1- ABEL, G. Nietzsche. Die Dynamik der Willen zur Macht und die ewige Wiederkehr, Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1998.
-
2- ANDERSON, L. Truth and Objectivity in Perspectivism In: Synthese, n. 115/1, p. 1-32, 1998.
-
3- BIRNBACHER, D. Analytische Einführung in die Ethik. 2. Auflage Berlin: de Gruyter, 2007.
-
4- CLARK, M. Nietzsche on Truth and Philosophy Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
-
5- COX, C. The "Subject" of Nietzsche's Perspectivism In: Journal of the History of Philosophy, n. 35/6, p. 269-291, 1997.
-
6- DELLINGER, J. Relendo a perspectividade. Algumas notas sobre "o perspectivismo de Nietzsche" In: Cadernos Nietzsche, n. 31, p. 127-155, 2012.
-
7- DE LUBAC, H. Le drame de l'humanisme athée Paris: Éditions Spes, 1945.
-
8- FIGL, J. Interpretation als philosophisches Prinzip. Friedrich Nietzsches universale Theorie der Auslegung im späten Nachlaß Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1982.
-
9- GERHARDT, V. Die Perspektive des Perspektivismus In: Nietzsche-Studien, n. 18, p. 260-281, 1989.
-
10- GERHARDT, V. Friedrich Nietzsche München: Beck, 19993 [19921]
-
11- ______. Die Funken des freien Geistes. Neuere Aufsätze zu Nietzsches Philosophie der Zukunft, J.-C. Heilinger - N. Loukidelis (eds.). Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 2011.
-
12- GORI, P. La visione dinamica del mondo. Nietzsche e la filosofia naturale di Boscovich. Napoli: La Città del sole, 2007.
-
13- ______. Fenomenalismo e prospettivismo in FW 354 In: PIAZZESI, C., CAMPIONI, G., WOTLING, P. (eds.), Letture della Gaia Scienza. Pisa: ETS, 2010, p. 117-130.
-
14- ______. Nietzsche, Mach y la metafísica del yo In: Estudios Nietzsche, n. 11, p. 99-112, 2011.
-
15- ______. Il „prospettivismo". Epistemologia ed etica In: GORI, P. ,STELLINO, P. (2011), Teorie e pratiche della verità in Nietzsche Pisa: ETS, p. 101-123, 2011.
-
17- GRIMM, R. H. Nietzsche's Theory of Knowledge Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1977.
-
18- HEIDEHANN, I. Nietzsches Kritik der Moral In: Nietzsche-Studien, n. 1, p. 95-137, 1972.
-
19- HUSSAIN, N. J. Z. Nietzsche's Positivism In: European Journal of Philosophy, n. 12, p. 326-368, 2004.
-
20- ______. J. Z. Honest Illusion: Valuing for Nietzsche's Free Spirits in: LEITER, B., SINHABABU, N. (eds), Nietzsche and Morality Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, p. 157-191.
-
21- ______. J. Z. The Role of Life in the Genealogy. In: MAY, S. (ed.), Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality. A Critical Guide Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 142-169.
-
22- IBBEKEN, C. Konkurrenzkampf der Perspektiven Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2008.
-
23- JASPERS, K. Nietzsche. Einführung in das Verständnis seines Philosophierens Berlin: de Gruyter, 19744 [1936]
-
24- KATSAFANAS, P. Nietzsche's Theory of Mind. Consciousness and Conceptualization In: European Journal of Philosophy, n. 13, p. 1-31, 2005.
-
25- KAUFMANN, W. Nietzsche. Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.
-
26- KAULBACH, F. Nietzsches Idee einer Experimentalphilosophie Köln/Wien: Bohlau, 1980.
-
27- LEITER, B. Perspectivism in Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals. In: SCHACHT, R. (ed.), Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality. Essays on Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994, p. 334-357.
-
28- ______. Nietzsche's Metaethics: Against the Privilege Reading In: European Journal of Philosophy, n. 8/3, p. 277-297, 2000.
-
29- PFEUFFER, S. Die Entgrenzung der Verantwortung. Nietzsche-Dostojewskij-Levinas Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 2008.
-
30- SCHACHT, R. Nietzsche New York: Routledge, 1983.
-
31- SOLOMON, R. C. Living With Nietzsche. What the Great "Immoralist" Has to Teach Us Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
-
32- STACK, G. Kant, Lange and Nietzsche: Critique of Knowledge In: PEARSON, K.A. (ed.), Nietzsche and Modern German Thought London: Routledge, 1991, p. 30-58.
-
33- STEGMAIER, W. Nietzsches „Genealogie der Moral" Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1994.
-
34- STELLINO, P. Conseguenze pratiche del prospettivismo nietzscheano In: GORI, P. , STELLINO, P. (2011), Teorie e pratiche della verità in Nietzsche Pisa: ETS, p. 125-145, 2011.
-
35- RICCARDI, M. Nietzsche's Sensualism In: European Journal of Philosophy, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0378.2010.00440.x, 2011.
-
36- RICHARDSON, J. Nietzsche's New Darwinism New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Datas de Publicação
-
Publicação nesta coleção
26 Maio 2014 -
Data do Fascículo
Jun 2014
Histórico
-
Recebido
20 Out 2013 -
Aceito
18 Nov 2013
