Notes
We note in passing that there are now a few well-studied cases of costly “maternal” care for unrelated offspring. The best known is perhaps polygyne colonies of fire ants (Solenopsis invicta), in which workers tend queens that are not their mothers while other workers feed and tend to unrelated brood (DeHeer and Ross 1996).
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Hamilton, A., Dimond, C.C. Groups, individuals, and evolutionary restraints: the making of the contemporary debate over group selection. Biol Philos 27, 299–312 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-011-9255-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10539-011-9255-5