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³ Nozick, Robert, Anarchy State and Utopia (Oxford: Blackwell, 1974), 33.Google Scholar

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⁶ Ibid. 142.

⁷ R. and V. Routley paraphrased by Glover, ibid. 142, from their ‘Nuclear Energy And Obligations to the Future’, Inquiry (1978).Google Scholar

⁸ Ibid.

⁹ Ibid.

¹⁰ Ibid. 144.

¹¹ Smith, George Teeling, Office of Health Economics, The Measurement of Health (London, 1985).Google Scholar

¹² Williams, Alan, ‘The Value of QALYs’, Health and Social Service Journal (18 07 1985)Google Scholar, ‘Centre Eight’, 3.Google Scholar

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¹⁴ See my ‘QALYfying the Value of Life’, in Journal of Medical Ethics 13, No. 3 (09 1987)Google Scholar, and my ‘EQALYty’, in P. Byrne (ed.), King's College Studies (forthcoming).

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¹⁷ Williams, Alan, ‘Economics of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting’, British Medical Journal 291 (3 08 1985), 326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

¹⁸ And I have heard Alan Williams and Alan Maynard do so on a number of occasions, though not so far as I am aware in print.

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²¹ BBC TV, The Heart of the Matter, (10 1986).Google Scholar

²² Williams, Alan, op. cit. 326, 329Google Scholar. Again I have heard Williams and Maynard say this in discussion.

²³ See the papers in note 14 above and Evans, John Grimley, ‘The Sanctity of Life’, in Elford, John (ed.), Medical Ethics and Elderly People (Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1987).Google Scholar

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²⁵ Ibid.

²⁶ I owe this suggestion to Peter Singer who has helped me to clarify many of the issues in this paper.

²⁷ Evans, John Grimley, op. cit.Google Scholar

²⁸ Smith, Alwyn, Qualms About QALYs, unpublished MS., Manchester University, 1986.Google Scholar

²⁹ Here also I am indebted to Peter Singer.

³⁰ Menzel, Paul T., Creepy QALYsGoogle Scholar, unpublished MS., Department of Philosophy, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA 98447, USA.

³¹ Ibid. 6.

³² Ibid. 8.

³³ Ibid. 14.

³⁴ Ibid. 13.

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³⁶ Ibid. 13.

³⁷ Rawls, John, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972).Google Scholar

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⁴¹ See this volume, pp. 33–55.

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⁴³ Lockwood, , supra p. 54.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Supra p. 53.Google Scholar

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⁴⁶ Lockwood, , supra p. 50.Google Scholar

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⁵¹ Lockwood, , supra p. 50.Google Scholar

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⁵³ See ibid.