Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-26T16:28:43.770Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Social Reporting and New Governance Regulation: The Prospects of Achieving Corporate Accountability Through Transparency

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2015

Extract

This paper argues that social reporting can be an important form of New Governance regulation to achieve stakeholder accountability. Current social reporting practices, however, fall short of achieving stakeholder accountability and actually may work against it. By examining the success and failures of other transparency programs in the United States, we can identify key factors for ensuring the success of social reporting over the long term. These factors include increasing the benefits-to-costs ratios of both the users of the information and the disclosers, and recognizing the importance of the involvement of third-party intermediaries.

Type
Special Section on Accountability
Copyright
Copyright © Business Ethics Quarterly 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aalders, Marius, and Tom, Wilthagen. 1997. “Moving Beyond Command and Control: Reflexivity in the Regulation of Occupational Safety and Health and the Environment,Law and Policy 19(4): 415–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, Carol A. 2004. “The Ethical, Social and Environmental Reporting Performance Portrayal Gap,Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal. 17: 731–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayres, Ian, and John, Braithwaite. 1992. Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badrinath, Swaminathan G., and Paul, J. Bolster. 1996. “The Role of Market Forces in EPA Enforcement Activity,Journal of Regulatory Economics 10(2): 165–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, Amanda, David, Owen, and Rob, Gray. 2000. “External Transparency or Internal Capture? The Role of Third-Party Statements in Adding Value to Corporate Environmental Reports.Business Strategy and the Environment 9(1): 123.3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berthelot, Sylvie, Denis, Cormier, and Michel, Magnan. 2003. “Environmental Disclosure Research: Review and Synthesis,Journal of Accounting Literature 22(1): 144.Google Scholar
Bui, Linda T., and Christopher, J. Mayer. 2003. “Regulation and Capitalization of Environmental Amenities: Evidence from the Toxics Release Inventory in Massachusetts,Review of Economics and Statistics 85(3): 693708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
California State Treasurer. 2005. “CalPERS Approves Final Piece of Angelides’ ‘Green Wave’ Environmental Investment Initiative to Reduce Fund's Risk by Improving Corporate Environmental Practices.California State Treasurer Phil Angelides News Release, February 15, 2005 (available online at www.treasurer.ca.gov).Google Scholar
Coglianese, Cary, and David, Lazer. 2003. “Management-Based Regulation: Prescribing Private Management to Achieve Public Goals.Law and Society Review 37(4): 691730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Mark A. 2001. “Information as a Policy Instrument in Protecting the Environment: What Have We Learned?Environmental Law Reporter 31(10): 425–31.Google Scholar
Crowe, Roger. 2004. “Transparency Issue Can Be Easily Clouded.Financial Times (November 29): 6.Google Scholar
Cumming, Jane Fiona. 2001. “Engaging Stakeholders in Corporate Accountability Programmes: A Cross-Sectoral Analysis of UK and Transnational Experience,Business Ethics: A European Review 10: 4552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deegan, Craig. 2002. “The Legitimising Effect of Social and Environmental Disclosures: A Theoretical Foundation.Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 15(3): 282311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deegan, Craig, and Michaela, Rankin. 1996. “Do Australian Companies Report Environmental News Objectively? An Analysis of Environmental Disclosures by Firms Prosecuted Successfully by the Environmental Protection Authority,Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 9(2): 50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deegan, Craig, Michaela, Rankin, and John, Tobin. 2002. “An Examination of the Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosures of BHP from 1983–1997,Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 15(3): 312–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deegan, Craig, Michaela, Rankin, and Peter, Voght. 2000. “Firms’ Disclosure Reactions to Major Social Incidents: Australian Evidence,” Accounting Forum 24(10): 101–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Trade and Industry. 2004. “Draft Regulations on the Operating and Financial Review and Directors’ Report A Consultative Document” (May). Available online at: http://www.dti.gov.uk.Google Scholar
Dhooge, Lucien J. 2004. “Beyond Voluntarism: Social Disclosure and France's Nouvelles Regulations Economiques.Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law 21: 441–91.Google Scholar
Dorf, Michael C., and Charles, F. Sabel. 1998. “A Constitution of Democratic Experimentalism,Columbia Law Review 98: 267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Entreprise Pour l'Environnement, Entreprise et Collectivités Partenaires pour l'Environnement, and Observatoire sur la Responsabilité Sociétale des Entreprises. 2004. “Critical Review of How Companies are Applying French Legislation on Social and Environmental Reporting.” Available online at http://www.orse.org/gb/home/publications.html.Google Scholar
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2003. “How Are the Toxic Release Inventory Data Used?: Government, Business, Academic, and Citizen Uses.” Toxics Release Inventory Program Division, Office of Environmental Information, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-260-R-002–004, May 2003.Google Scholar
Freeman, Jody. 1997. “Collaborative Governance in the Administrative State.UCLA Law Review 45: 1.Google Scholar
Fung, A., and O'Rourke, D. 2000. “Reinventing Environmental Regulation from the Grassroots Up: Explaining and Expanding the Success of the Toxics Release Inventory.Environmental Management 25: 115–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fung, Archon, Mary, Graham, and David, Weil. 2002. “The Political Economy of Transparency: What Makes Disclosure Policies Sustainable?Harvard University, Institute for Government Innovation, Working Paper # OPS-02–03, 2002.Google Scholar
Fung, Archon, David, Weil, Mary, Graham, and Elena, Fagotto. 2004. “The Political Economy of Transparency: What Makes Disclosure Effective?Harvard University, Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation, Working Paper # OP-03–04.Google Scholar
Fung, Archon, and Erik, Olin Wright, eds. 2003. Deepening Democracy: Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance. New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Gap, Inc. 2004. “2003 Social Responsibility Report.” Available online at http://www.gapinc.com/social_resp/social_resp.htm.Google Scholar
GarrettBrandon L, Brandon L,. and James, S. Liebman. 2004. “Experimentalist Equal Protection.Yale Law & Policy Review 22: 261327.Google Scholar
Global Reporting Initiative. 2002. Sustainability Reporting Guidelines.Google Scholar
Global Reporting Initiative. 2006. Sustainability Reporting Guidelines.Google Scholar
Gray,, Rob. 2001. “Thirty Years of Social Accounting, Reporting and Auditing: What (If Anything) Have We learned?Business Ethics: A European Review 10: 915.Google Scholar
Gunningham,, Neil, Robert, A. Kagan, and Dorothy, Thornton. 2004. “Social License and Environmental Protection: Why Businesses Go Beyond Compliance.Law & Social Inquiry 29: 307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunningham, Neil, and Joseph, Rees. 1997. “Industry Self-Regulation: An Institutional Perspective.Law and Policy 19(4): 363414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton,, James. 1995. “Pollution as News: Media and Stock Market Reactions to the Toxics Release Inventory Data.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28: 98113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, Kathyrn, and Werner, Anweiler. 2003. “Incentives for Pollution Abatement: Regulation, Regulatory Threats, and Non-Governmental Pressures.Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 22(3): 361–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess,, David. 1999. “Social Reporting: A Reflexive Law Approach to Corporate Social Responsiveness.Journal of Corporation Law 25(1): 4184.Google Scholar
Hess, David. 2001. “Regulating Corporate Social Performance: A New Look at Corporate Social Accounting, Auditing and Reporting.Business Ethics Quarterly 11(2): 307–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, David. 2006. “Corporate Social Responsibility and the Law,” in Corporate Social Responsibility, ed. José, Allouche. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 154–80.Google Scholar
Hess,, David, and Thomas, W. Dunfee. 2007. “The Kasky-Nike Threat to Corporate Social Reporting: Implementing a Standard of Optimal Truthful Disclosure as a Solution?Business Ethics Quarterly 17(1) (January 2007): 532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooghiemstra, Reggy. 2000. “Corporate Communication and Impression Management: New Perspectives Why Companies Engage in Social Reporting.Journal of Business Ethics 27(1/2): 5568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, Daniel, and Amos, Tversky, eds. 2000. Choices, Values, and Frames. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karkkainen, Bradley C. 2001. “Information as Environmental Regulation: TRI and Performance Benchmarking, Precursor to a New Paradigm?Georgetown Law Journal 89: 257370.Google Scholar
Karkkainen, Bradley C. 2004. “‘New Governance’ in Legal Thought and in the World: Some Splitting as Antidote to Overzealous Lumping.” Minnesota Law Review 89: 471.Google Scholar
Karkkainen,, Bradley, Archon, Fung, and Charles, Sabel. 2000. “After Backyard Environmentalism: Toward a Performance-Based Regime of Environmental Regulation.American Behavioral Scientist 44(4): 692711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khanna, Madhu, Rose, H. Quimio, and Dora, Bojilova. 1998. “Toxic Release Information: A Policy Tool for Environmental Protection.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 36: 243–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingdon, John W. 1995. Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies, 2nd ed. Boston: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Konar, Shameek, and Mark, A. Cohen. 1997. “Information as Regulation: The Effect of Community Right to Know Laws on Toxic Emissions.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 32(1): 109–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konar, Shameek, and Mark, A. Cohen. 2001. “Does the Market Value Environmental Performance?Review of Eco-nomics and Statistics, 83(2): 281302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latham, Mark. 2003. “Democracy and Infomediaries.Corporate Governance: An International Review 11(2): 91101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laufer, William S. 1999. “Corporate Liability, Risk Shifting, and the Paradox of Compliance.Vanderbilt Law Review 54: 1343–97.Google Scholar
Lobel, Orly. 2004. “The Renew Deal: The Fall of Regulation and the Rise of Governance in Contemporary Legal Thought.Minnesota Law Review 89: 342.Google Scholar
Malloy, Timothy F. 2003. “Regulation, Compliance, and the Firm.Temple Law Review 76: 451531.Google Scholar
May, Peter J. 2004. “Compliance Motivations: Affirmative and Negative Bases.Law and Society Review 38(1): 4168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MEDEF and PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2003. Prise en compte de l'article 116 de la Loi NRE dans le rapport de gestion des entreprises du CAC 40. Available online at www.pwcglobal.com/fr/pwc_pdf/pwc_loi_nre.pdf.Google Scholar
O'Donovan, Gary. 2002. “Environmental Disclosures in the Annual Report: Extending the Applicability and Predictive Power of Legitimacy Theory.Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 15(3): 344–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orts, Eric W. 1995a. “Reflexive Environmental Law.Northwestern University Law Review 89: 12271340.Google Scholar
Orts, Eric W. 1995b. “A Reflexive Model of Environmental Regulation.Business Ethics Quarterly 5: 779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, David L., Tracey, Swift, Christopher, Humphrey, and Mary, Bowerman. 2000. “The New Social Audits: Accountability, Managerial Capture or the Agenda of Social Champions?European Accounting Review 9(1): 8199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, David L., Tracy, Swift, and Karen, Hunt. 2001. “Questioning the Role of Stakeholder Engagement in Social and Ethical Accounting, Auditing, and Reporting.Accounting Forum 25(3): 264–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Christine. 2002. The Open Corporation: Effective Self-Regulation and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedersen, William F. 2001. “Regulation and Information Disclosure: Parallel Universes and Beyond.Harvard Environmental Law Review 25: 151.Google Scholar
PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2005. Under Pressure: Utilities Global Survey 2005. Available online at www.pwc.com/energy.Google Scholar
Rogowski, Ralf, and Ton, Wilthagen, eds. 1994. Reflexive Labour Law: Studies in Industrial Relations and Employment Regulation. London: Kluwer Law International.Google Scholar
Ruhnka, John C., and Heidi, Boerstler. 1998. “Governmental Incentives for Corporate Self-Regulation.Journal of Business Ethics 17(3): 309–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sage, William M. 1999. “Regulating through Information: Disclosure Laws and American Health Care.Columbia Law Review 99: 17011829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seidenfeld, Mark. 2000. “Empowering Stakeholders: Limits on Collaboration as the Basis for Flexible Regulation.William and Mary Law Review 41: 411501.Google Scholar
Sinclair, Darren. 1997. “Self-Regulation versus Command and Control? Beyond False Dichotomies.Law and Policy 19(4): 529–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephan, Mark. 2002. “Environmental Information Disclosure Programs: They Work, But Why?Social Science Quarterly 83(1): 190205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturm, Susan. 2001. “Second Generation Employment Discrimination: A Structural Approach.Columbia Law Review 101: 458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R. 1990. “Paradoxes of Regulatory State.University of Chicago Law School 57: 407–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swift, Tracy. 2001. “Trust, Reputation and Corporate Accountability to Stakeholders.Business Ethics: A European Review 10(1): 1626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volokh, Alexander. 2002. “The Pitfalls of the Environmental Right-to-Know.Utah Law Review 2: 805.Google Scholar
Walden, W. Darrell, and Bill, N. Schwartz. 1997. “Environmental Disclosures and Public Policy Pressure.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 16(2): 115244.Google Scholar