September 2002 Provability with Finitely Many Variables
Robin Hirsch, Ian Hodkinson, Roger D. Maddux
Bull. Symbolic Logic 8(3): 348-379 (September 2002). DOI: 10.2178/bsl/1182353893

Abstract

For every finite $n \geq 4$ there is a logically valid sentence $\varphi_n$ with the following properties: $\varphi_n$ contains only 3 variables (each of which occurs many times); $\varphi_n$ contains exactly one nonlogical binary relation symbol (no function symbols, no constants, and no equality symbol): $\varphi_n$ has a proof in first-order logic with equality that contains exactly n variables, but no proof containing only n - 1 variables. This result was first proved using the machinery of algebraic logic developed in several research monographs and papers. Here we replicate the result and its proof entirely within the realm of (elementary) first-order binary predicate logic with equality. We need the usual syntax, axioms, and rules of inference to show that $\varphi_n$ has a proof with only n variables. To show that $\varphi_n$ has no proof with only n - 1 variables we use alternative semantics in place of the usual, standard, set-theoretical semantics of first-order logic.

Citation

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Robin Hirsch. Ian Hodkinson. Roger D. Maddux. "Provability with Finitely Many Variables." Bull. Symbolic Logic 8 (3) 348 - 379, September 2002. https://doi.org/10.2178/bsl/1182353893

Information

Published: September 2002
First available in Project Euclid: 20 June 2007

zbMATH: 1024.03010
MathSciNet: MR1931348
Digital Object Identifier: 10.2178/bsl/1182353893

Rights: Copyright © 2002 Association for Symbolic Logic

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Vol.8 • No. 3 • September 2002
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