Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T19:20:50.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Legal Responses to Communal Rejection in Emergencies

Public Health and the Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Extract

Major disasters and public health emergencies constantly test the nation's resolve to rally and recover from tragedy. Public health crises stemming from prolonged threats like the 2009/2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic require sustained preparedness and response over many months. Even shorter-duration events, like tornados, earthquakes, or hurricanes, leave lasting impacts for which full recovery may take years. Telling examples include the displacement of thousands of persons across the Gulf Coast states following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and difficulties obtaining basic housing and services that persisted in the Northeast months after Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Whether the result of natural disasters, infectious disease outbreaks, bioterrorism, or other causes, these events can change the societal landscape in affected regions.

Despite the challenges of recovery across populations stemming from national or regional emergencies, Americans have consistently supported those directly affected.

Type
JLME Column
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2013

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Gostin, L. O., Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader (Berkley: University of California Press, 2010): At 149150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jew Ho v. Williamson, 103 F. 10 (C.C.N.D. Cal. 1900).Google Scholar
Murray, J. F., “A Century of Tuberculosis,” American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 169, no. 11 (2004): 11811186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, N. J., “Indirect Passage from Europe: Transmigration via the UK, 1836–1914,” Journal for Maritime Research 3, no. 1 (2002): 7084.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markel, H., When Germs Travel: Six Major Epidemics That Have Invaded America Since 1900 and the Fears They Have Unleashed (New York: Pantheon, 2004): At 3436. See also, Kraut, A., Silent Travelers: Germs, Genes, and the Immigrant Menace (New York: Basic Books, 2004).Google Scholar
Id., at 35.Google Scholar
Immigration Act of 1917, Pub. L. No. 64–301, § 3, 39 Stat. 874, 875 (repealed 1952).Google Scholar
Gibson, C., “Our 10 Greatest Natural Disasters,” American Heritage 57, no. 4 (2006), available at <http://www.americanheritage.com/content/our-10-greatest-natural-disasters?page=6> (last visited May 3, 2013).Google Scholar
Bixel, P. B. Turner, E. H., Galveston and the 1900 Storm: Catastrophe and Catalyst, (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000): At 80.Google Scholar
Gregory, J. M., American Exodus: The Dust Bowl Migration and Okie Culture in California (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989): At 6.Google Scholar
Id., at 22.Google Scholar
Id., at 79.Google Scholar
Solis, D., “Backlash against Mexicans Amid Swine Flu Outbreak Is Criticized,” Tribune Business News, May 3, 2009.Google Scholar
Eaton, R., “Escape Denied: The Gretna Bridge and the Government's Armed Blockade in the Wake of Katrina,” Texas Wesleyan Law Review 13, no. 1 (2006): 127174, at 139.Google Scholar
Harris, G., “Police Suburbs Blocked Evacuees, Witnesses Report,” New York Times, September 10, 2005, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/national/nationalspecial/10emt.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0> (last visited May 3, 2013).+(last+visited+May+3,+2013).>Google Scholar
Dickerson v. City of Gretna, 2007 WL 1098787, *1 (E.D. La. 2007).Google Scholar
Id., at *1, *5.Google Scholar
Byrnes, L., “Ocala Homeowners Association Says Evacuees Are Not Welcome,” Gainesville Sun, September 7, 2005, available at <http://www.gainesville.com/article/20050907/LOCAL/209070310> (last visited May 3, 2013).+(last+visited+May+3,+2013).>Google Scholar
Harris, G. “Police Suburbs Blocked Evacuees, Witnesses Report,” New York Times, September 10, 2005, available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/national/nationalspecial/10emt.html?_r=2&pagewanted=print> (last visited May 3, 2013). see Byrnes, supra note 21; “La. Police Who Turned Away Katrina Victims Face Inquiry,” Washington Post, August 5, 2010, available at <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/04/AR2006080401348.html> (last visited May 3, 2013).+(last+visited+May+3,+2013).+see+Byrnes,+supra+note+21;+“La.+Police+Who+Turned+Away+Katrina+Victims+Face+Inquiry,”+Washington+Post,+August+5,+2010,+available+at++(last+visited+May+3,+2013).>Google Scholar
Markel, H., When Germs Travel: Six Major Epidemics That Have Invaded America Since 1900 and the Fears They Have Unleashed (New York: Pantheon, 2004): At 3436.Google Scholar
Id., at 6474.Google Scholar
U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1.Google Scholar
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200, 227 (1995).Google Scholar
U.S. v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996).Google Scholar
Vance v. Bradley, 440 U.S. 93, 96–97 (1979).Google Scholar
See, e.g., Gostin, L. O., Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint, 2nd ed. (Berkley: University of California Press 2008): At 138. Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926).Google Scholar
Romer v. Evans, 517 U.S. 620 (1996).Google Scholar
City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., Inc., 473 U.S. 432 (1985).Google Scholar
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture v. Moreno, 413 U.S. 528 (1973).Google Scholar
Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003).Google Scholar
Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967).Google Scholar
Contra Grutter, 539 U.S. 306.Google Scholar
Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886).Google Scholar
See Boddie, E. C., “Racial Territoriality,” 58 UCLA Law Review 58 (2010): 401463, at 458–460.Google Scholar
U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1.Google Scholar
See, e.g., Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 642–643 (1969) (Stewart, J., concurring).Google Scholar
Id., at 629631,. Edelman v. Jordan, 415 U.S. 651 (1974).Google Scholar
See Shapiro, supra note 40, at 634.Google Scholar
See Gostin, , supra note 1, at 428445. Model State Emergency Health Powers Act § 604, available at <http://www.publichealthlaw.net/ModelLaws/MSEHPA.php> (last visited May 3, 2013).+(last+visited+May+3,+2013).>Google Scholar
See Shapiro”, supra note 40, at 629. Edwards v. California, 314 U.S. 160 (1941).Google Scholar
See Edwards, supra note 44, at 167.Google Scholar
Id., at 165167.Google Scholar
See Crusto, M. F., “Enslaved Constitution: Obstructing the Freedom to Travel,” University of Pittsburgh Law Review 70, no. 2 (2006): 233275, at 233.Google Scholar
See Dickerson, supra note 19, at 23 (E.D. La. 2007). citing Wright v. City of Jackson, 506 F.2d 900 (5th Cir. 1975).Google Scholar
E.g., Johnson v. City of Cincinnati, 310 F.3d 484 (6th Cir. 2002). see also Crusto, , supra note 47, at 245.Google Scholar
Smith v. Turner, 48 U.S. (7 How.) 283, 492 (1849) (Taney, C.J., dissenting) (emphasis added).Google Scholar
Shapiro, supra note 40, at 629630.Google Scholar
U.S. Const. art. I § 8.Google Scholar
U.S. v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 558–559 (1995).Google Scholar
Dodson, E. U., “Access to the Airways After September 11: Do Aviation Businesses Devastated by the Restrictions Have A Fifth Amendment Remedy?” Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly 173, no. 30 (2002): 173195, at 187.Google Scholar
42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq. (2012).Google Scholar
Fleming v. Yuma Reg’l Med. Ctr., 587 F.3d 938, 942 n.3 (9th Cir. 2009). U.S. v. Mississippi Dep’t of Public Safety, 321 F.3d 495, 499500. 42 U.S.C. § 12101(b)(4).Google Scholar
Communities Actively Living Indep. & Free v. City of Los Angeles, CV 09–0287 CBM RZX, 2011 WL 4595993 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 10, 2011).Google Scholar
42 U.S.C. § 2000a.Google Scholar
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S., 379 U.S. 241 (1964).Google Scholar
Katzenbach v. McClung, 379 U.S. 294 (1964).Google Scholar
42 U.S.C. § 2000a-5.Google Scholar
Id., at § 2000a.Google Scholar
U.S. v. Cent. Carolina Bank & Trust Co., 431 F.2d 972, 975 (4th Cir. 1970).Google Scholar
See Gostin, , supra note 1.Google Scholar
Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, supra note 43, at § 502.Google Scholar
The Network for Public Health Law, “Model State Emergency Health Powers Act Summary Matrix,” available at <http://www.networkforphl.org/_asset/80p3y7/MSEHPA-States-Table-022812.pdf> (last visited May 3, 2013).+(last+visited+May+3,+2013).>Google Scholar
18 U.S.C. § 241.Google Scholar
Id., at § 242.Google Scholar
Id., at § 245.Google Scholar
Id., at § 245(c).Google Scholar
42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1996).Google Scholar
See Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence and Coordination Unit, 507 U.S. 163, 166 (1993).Google Scholar
U.S. Const. amend. XI.Google Scholar
Barren v. Harrington, 152 F.3d 1193, 11194 (9th Cir. 1998).Google Scholar
Cortez v. County of Los Angeles, 294 F.3d 1186, 1188 (9th Cir. 2001).Google Scholar
See, e.g., City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95 (1983). Church v. City of Huntsville, 30 F.3d 1332 (11th Cir. 1994).Google Scholar